Aim To investigate the effects of paclitaxel(PTX) on the expression of CD69, CD25 and proliferation of T cells by polyclonal stimulas in vitro, and explore the molecular mechanism of paclitaxel. Methods Fluorescence conjugated monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were used to detect the express of CD69 and CD25 by activated T cells in vitro in response to Concanavalin(Con A) and Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate(PDB) or T cell proliferation index stained by CFDA-SE in response to PDB+Ion or Con A. Results Paclitaxel had no effect on the expression of CD69, but inhibited the expression of CD25 in activated T cells in response to Con A or PDB in a concentration-dependent manner. Paclitaxel caused a dose-dependent suppression of T cell proliferation to Con A as well as to PDB+Ion. Whether added at the beginning or after 24 h of stimulation by Con A or PDB+Ion, paclitaxel had identical effects. Conclusion The mid and later activation and proliferation of murine T cells stimulated by Con A or PDB+Ion were significantly inhibited by paclitaxel, suggesting that paclitaxel acts on the downstream signaling pathways of PKC?,and not act on the intitial activated associated proteins such as PTK and PKC?.

Animals ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Male ; Muramidase ; biosynthesis ; Quartz ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the effect of lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)on blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability and its possible mechanism.Methods LPA or LPA+suramin(L+S)were stereotaxically injected into the right eaudate nucleus in SD rats in vivo.Evans blue(EB)was used to quantitatively measure the permeability of BBB at different time points.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry technique.The pathological ultrastruetural changes of BBB were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.Results The BBB permeability began to increase after LPA administered into ipsilateral eaudate nucleus,and reached the peak at 24h.Then the permeability of BBB gradually lowered after 48h.In comparison with the same time points of control group,there were quite significant differences(P＜0.01).After L+S was injected,the change of BBB permeability had differences in comparison with those of LPA group in the same time points,(P＜0.05).MMP-9 positive cells were mainly vascular endothelial cells.The numbers of MMP-9 positive blood vessels grew at 6h in LPA group,and the expression of it reached maximum at 24h,then the number of it decreased at 48h,showing significant statistical differences in comparison with the L+S group(P＜0.01),It was observed microscopically that ultrastrueture of BBB of the LPA group was changed sharply,such as basement membrane roughed and fragmented,astroeyte end-feet swolled markedly and perivaseular space enlarged obviously.But there were no remarkable changes in BBB in L+S group.Conclusion LPA can induce increase of BBB permeability and its possible mechanism is the strong expression of MMP-9 protein produeted by endothelial cells through the mediation of LPA receptor,leading to degradation of basement membrane.

Objective To evaluate the incidence and severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with different leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).Methods A total of 145 cases who had been confirmed DVT and undergone CTPA were retrospectively analyzed.The DVTs were divided into left side DVT,right side DVT,and bilateral lower DVT groups.The incidence of PE was compared among different groups.CT obstruction index (CTI) was used to estimate the severity of pulmonary artery obstruction.DVT/PEs with CTI were compared among different groups.Results The incidence of PE of the bilateral lower DVT group was 71.4％,which was higher than that in left side DVT group (39.2％).However,no significant difference was found between bilateral lower DVT group and right side DVT group (52.9％) (P ＞ 0.05).The CTI of the bilateral lower DVT (30.20±14.20)％ was higher than that of the left side DVT (19.26 ± 14.02)％ and the right side DVT (18.56 ±11.79) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The bilateral lower DVT was more likely complicated with PE than the left side DVT,the severity of pulmonary artery obstruction of the bilateral lower DVT with PE patient was higher than that of single side DVT with PE patient.

With the development of basic disciplines such as molecular biology,immunology,cell biology and so on. the pathogen biology research do not stop at the organ and cellular level,but go deep into the protein and gene level. It is a great boost to the deep studies of pathogen biology in diagnosis,treatment,pathogenesis,prevention and epidemiology.

A 29-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital due to intermittent rashes,fever and headache.Palpable purpura were symmetrically distributed on the extremities and trunk.Other manifestations included headache with nausea and vomiting.Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count,platelet (PLT) count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein were the main laboratory findings.Antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative.Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed high intracranial pressure,while routine cytology and biochemical tests of CSF were normal.Head MRI scan and PET-CT did not detect remarkable findings.A diagnosis of systemic vasculitis was confirmed by the biopsy of skin lesion which showed inflammatory infiltration of the muscular vessel wall.Combination therapy of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide lead to a rapid improvement in clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters.The patient was in stable remission till 6 month follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Intrapulmonary vascular abnormalities result in the right-to-left shunting and severe hypoxemia in liver transplantation candidates. Currently, a convenient, sensitive and effective method is absent to screen the intrapulmonary vascular dilatations.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced echocardiography on clinical diagnosis of intrapulmonary shunting in liver transplantation candidates.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The experiment, prospective controlled observation based on cases, was performed at the Hepatology Unit of the 458 Hospital of PLA (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China) from February 2004 to February 2006.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-four consecutive liver transplantation candidates were recruited from the Hepatology Unit of the 458Hospital of PLA.METHODS: Routine examination was conducted under the condition without any regimen of vascular dilatation drugs.Contrast-enhanced echocardiography was applied to detect the prevalence of right-to-left shunting in the patients with end-stage liver disease. The microvesicle of the left ventricle in patients was qualitatively assessed by a score from 1+ to 3+. Accordingly, all patients were divided into two groups: intrapulmonary shunting and non-intrapulmonary shunting.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of right-to-left shunting and clinical characteristics of liver transplantation candidates were determined.RESULTS: Ten (41.7%) of 24 patients with positive contrast-enhanced echocardiography were proved to develop the intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting, including 6 for l+ and 4 for 2+ by left ventricle abnormality, which emerged after 6-10 cardiac cycles of right ventricle abnormality. There were no significant differences in age, gender, arterial blood gas analysis and liver function tests between the two groups (P > 0.05). Echocardiography results demonstrated that, the upper digestive tract hemorrhage,spleen thickness that indicated portal hypertension, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and Tei index were significandy higher in the patients of intrapulmonary shunting than in those of non-intrapulmonary shunting (P<0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Intrapulmonary vascular dilatation occurs frequently in liver transplantation candidates associated with intrapulmonary shunting but without hypoxemia. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography is a sensitive and non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation. The pathogenic cause is portal hypertension. Tel index can be used as an important parameter for evaluating right ventricular function in patients of intrapulmonary vascular dilatation.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic-assisted transanal pull-through resection and anastomosis in the treatment of ultra-low rectal cancer.Methods From November 2005 to December 2006,21 patients with ultra-low rectal cancer had undergone laparoscopic-assisted transanal pull-through resection and anastomosis in Southwest Hospital.The perioperative condition,postoperative complications and the result of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.Results The operation was successfully performed on all the patients.The mean operation time and postoperative hospital stay were(216±25)minutes(170-260 minutes)and(9.4±1.0)days(7-11 days),respectively.The time needed for the recovery of gastrointestina]function was(65±14)hours(38-88 hours).The mean perioperative blood loss was(140±49)ml(80-250 ml).All the patients were followed up for(22±4)months(15-28 months),and no anastomotic bleeding or fistula was observed.Six patients developed mild to moderate anastomotic striclure,1 local recurrence and 1 liver metastasis.Conclusions Laparoscopic-assisted transanal pull-through resection and anastomosis for ultra-low rectal cancer is safe and feasible,and the short-term effect is satisfactory.

ObjectiveTo compare detection rate of pulmonary nodules and the radiation doses of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) and MSCT chest scanning by using the anthropomorphic chest phantom which containsthermoluminescent dosimeters( TLD ) and simulated pulmonary nodules.Methods The radiation doses of DTS and MSCT scanning were measured by using the anthropomorphic chest phantom which contains 45 TLD and simulated pulmonary nodules.The radiation doses of najor organs were converted into effective dose ( ED ). Three radiologists of different clinical experiences independently reviewed and recorded the density,diameter and position of pulmonary nodules.The sensitivity of nodule detection by DTS and MSCT were compared by Fisher exact test and Chi-square test. The paired t test was conducted to analyze the dose levels of DTS and MSCT.ResultsThe sensitivity of detection nodule by DTS and MSCT were 66.7％ (30/45) and 91.1％ (41/45) respectively.Statistically significant difference between the two examinations existed ( x2 =8.073,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity of detection - 650 HU ground glass opacity pulmonary nodule by MSCT and DTS were 93.3％ (14/15) and 73.3％ (11/15) respectively.There was no significant difference between DTS and MSCT ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The sensitivity of detection - 800 HU ground glass opacity nodule and ground glass opacity nodule (d ＜ 8 mm) by DTS were 33.3％ (5/15) and 16.7％ (2/12) respectively,which were lower than those by CT[80.0％ (12/15) and 66.7％ (8/12)].The radiation doses of DTS for various organs in the chest were lower than those of CT. Statistical significant difference between DTS and MSCT existed ( lung t =19.69,thoracic vertebral t =30.01,heart t =16.33,liver t =5.06,breast t =9.43,thyroid gland t =8.05 ;P ＜ 0.05).The effective doses of the DTS and MSCT were 0.65 and 7.71 mSv respectively.ConclusionsThere is no difference between the DTS and MSCT in the detection rate of -650 HU ground glass opacity nodule.For detecting the ground glass opacity nodule ( - 800 HU) and ground glass opacity nodule (d ＜ 8 mm),MSCT is superior to DTS. However,the radiation dosage of DTS is 8.41％ of the MSCT scanning.

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy and safety of conversion from cyclosporine (CsA) to tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplant recipients. MethodsThe clinical data of conversion from CsA to Tac in renal transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. In 97 patients undergoing kidney transplantation, there were 62 cases of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), 21 cases of refractory renal allograft rejection, 8 cases of hepatic impairment, and 6 cases of gingival overgrowth and hirsutism. The patients were followed up with renal function, hepatic function, blood fat, pressure,glucose,acute rejection incidence, patients/kidney survival rate,and adverse drug reaction for 3 years.ResultsThe renal function of patients with CAN and refractory acute rejection was greatly improved after conversion from CsA to Tac treatment at the first year (P＜0. 05) ,and steady at the 2nd or 3rd year. The conversion treatment could greatly improve the hepatic function of patients with dysfunction of liver, improve the gum hypertrophy and hypertrichosis results from CsA. The 1- and 3-year patients/kidney survival rate after conversion from CsA to Tac was 100 ％/97. 9 ％ and 100 ％/92. 8 ％, respectively. The conversion treatment showed a significantly lower degree of plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and blood pressure (P ＜ 0.05). Incidence of pathoglycemia, diarrhea or anepithymia,and tremor after conversion treatment was 13.4 ％ (13/97),2. 1％ (2/97) and 5. 2 ％ (5/97),respectively. There were no serious pulmonary infection and tumor during the observation period. ConclusionThe mid-long term effect of conversion from CsA to Tac in patients with kidney transplantation is safe and effective.