Objective To investigate the effect of bone cancer pain on emotion and NMDA re-ceptor NR2B subunit expression level in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)in rats.Methods One hun-dred and fifty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g aged 3 months old were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 50 in each group):sham operation group (group S),bone cancer pain group (group BCP),RO25-6981 group (group RO).The BCP model was established by inoculating Walker 256 breast cancer cells into right intra-tibial.Rats in group S were given the same dose of d-hanks. Group RO was injected intraperitoneally with RO25-6981 (5 mg/kg/d)on the day of inoculation, while rats in the group S and group BCP were given the same dose of normal saline.Mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL)of right hind legs were measured on day 7,10,14 after inoculation respectively.Elevated plus-maze test was carried out to investigate the effect of bone cancer pain on emotion in rats after pain threshold detection,then the percentage of the times entering the open arms (OE)and the percentage of the time staying in the open arms (OT) duration the total period were evaluated.Then the anterior cingulate cortex tissue was removed to e-valuate the NR2B protein and mRNA expression levels by RT-PCR,Western blot and immunofluo-rescence methods on day 14 after elevated plus-maze test.Results All the parameters did not differ with significant difference between group S and group RO.MWT decreased and TWL shortened on day 7,10,14 after inoculation in group BCP compared with those before inoculation and those of group S and group RO.OE and OT in group BCP reduced remarkably than those before inoculation and those of group S and group RO.Relative absorbance of NR2B mRNA,the expression of NR2B pro-tein,average NR2B relative fluorescence intensity value is obviously higher than that of group S and group RO (P <0.05).Conclusion Bone cancer pain can induce pain-related aversion and anxiety-like behavior of rats,and the mechanism may be related to the high expression of NR2B in anterior cingu-late cortex.

As a common and frequently-occurring disease,glenohumeral instability is become one of disease which restrict upper limb activity. The diagnosis of this disease is easy, but it is very difficult to assess the degree of periarticular soft tissue injuries. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy, MRA become the gold standard for evaluation of glenoid labrum, joint capsule and ligaments injury. The traditional manual reduction is a fast, simple method, but often can cause adverse consequences,such as rotator cuff tear,ligament relaxation,and habitual dislocation. Open operation can rebuild stability of joint,but with many new treatment methods,especially the arthroscopic reconstruction has gradually replaced the open operation, and become the mainstream trend, but for the long-term effect of capsular tightening surgery, rotator cuff gap closure is not clear,it is need further follow-up observation.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Shoulder Joint

Objective To study the clinicopathological features of C3 glomerulonephritis and the associations between plasma complement fragments level and clinical manifestations.Methods The clinical and pathological data of the 12 patients with C3 glomerulonephritis in our division from January 1999 to June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Concentrations of plasma factor B,Ba,C3,C3a,C4a and C5a were detected by commercial available sandwich ELISA kits on the day of renal biopsy.Results Ten of the 12 patients were C3 glomerulonephritis without MPGN,and the rest 2 were C3 glomerulonephritis with MPGN.All the patients presented proteinuria.Two of the 10 C3 glomerulonephritis patients without MPGN presented nephrotic range proteinuria,6 with microhematuria,1 with gross hematuria,and 2 with renal insufficiency.One of the 2 C3 glomerulonephritis patients with MPGN presented nephrotic range proteinuria,accompanied by microhematuria,hypertension and renal insufficiency.The other patient showed moderate proteinuria with normal renal function.Most of C3 glomerulonephritis patients without MPGN showed mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,and 4/10 patients had various degree cresentic formation.One C3 glomerulonephritis patient with MPGN had 47.1％ cresentic formation.The concentration of plasma C3 in C3 glomerulonephritis patients was normal,while the plasma factor B was significantly decreased,and the concentrations of plasma Ba,C3a,C4a and C5a were significantly elevated.The concentration of plasma Ba was positively correlated with the proteinuria level,while the concentrations of plasma C3a,C4a and C5a were not correlated with the levels of proteinuria or plasma creatinine.Conclusions Majority of these 12 patients were C3 glomerulonephritis without MPGN,manifests as nephritic syndrome clinically and mild mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis histopathologically.Complement activation via alternative pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of C3 glomerulonephritis.

Objective To analyze the effects of curcumin combined with cisplatin on the growth and lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer xenografts in nude mice.Methods The human cervical carcinoma Caski cells xenotransplanted tumor models were established.Inoculated mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to random number table:control (normal saline 10 ml/kg),Cur (curcumin 100 mg/kg),Cis (cisplatin 3 mg/kg) and Cur + Cis group (100 mg/kg curcumin +3 mg/kg cisplatin).The tumor volume and anti-tumor rate were calculated.The mRNA levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results The inhibitory rates of Cur group,Cis group and Cur + Cis group were 40.8％,53.3％ and 60.0％.After 15 days treatment,the tumor volumes of the control group,Cur group,Cis group and Cur + Cis group were (123.44 ± 35.62),(71.72 ± 28.36),(65.47 ± 18.32),(53.44 ± 10.79) mm3.The growth rates of tumor volume in Cur group,Cis group and Cur + Cis group were slower,Cur + Cis group could more effectively inhibit tumor volume growth.The difference among the four groups had statistically significance (F =16.890,P =0.000).Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR detection showed that compared with the control group (1.000),the MIF mRNA expressions in Cur group,Cis group and Cur + Cis group were 0.322 ±0.094,0.154 ± 0.006 and 0.136 ± 0.007,VEGF-C mRNA expressions in the three groups were 0.312 ± 0.068,0.263 ± 0.072 and 0.221 ± 0.041.The differences among groups had statistically significance (F =220.279,P =0.000;F =143.250,P =0.000).MIF mRNA was positively related with VEGF-C mRNA (r =0.815,P =0.001).Conclusion Curcumin combined with cisplatin can inhibit the growth of Carski cell xenografts in nude mice.Through the down-regulating expression of MIF mRNA and VEGF-C mRNA,cisplatin and curcumin can inhibit the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer,and it may be one of the important mechanisms of its anti-tumor effects.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium combined with local infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine for postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods One hundred and fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 41-63 yr,weighing 55-87 kg,scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under the general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=50 each): parecoxib sodium+0.9％ normal saline (group A),parecoxib sodium + 0.5％ ropivacaine (group B) and parecoxib sodium + 0.75 ％ ropivacaine (group C).Parecoxib sodium 40 mg was injected intravenously 30 min before induction of anesthesia.Anesthesia was induced and maintained with remifentanil and propofol given by TCI.Immediately before skin closure,0.9％ normal saline 12 ml was given in group A,and 0.5％ and 0.75％ ropivacaine 12 ml were injected for local infiltration anesthesia in groups B and C,respectively.VAS scores were maintained ≤ 3after operation.When VAS scores ＞ 3,pethidine 75 mg was injected intramuscularly.Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at the end of operation and 2,4,8,12 and 24 h after operation.The side effects (nausea and vomiting,allergy,respiratory depression,etc.),requirement for pethidine,algesic sites (incisional pain,upper abdominal pain,referred pain in right shoulder),and condition of the wound healing were all recorded within 24 h after opcration.Results Compared with group A,Ramsay sedation scores,the incidence of nausea and vomiting,the requirement for pethidine and total amount of pethidine,and the incidence of incisional pain were significantly decreased in groups B and C (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group B,the requirement for pethidine and total amount of pethidine,and the incidence of incisional pain were significantly decreased in group C (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).There was no significant difference in Ramsay sedation scores between groups B and C (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the condition of the wound healing,upper abdominal pain and referred pain in right shoulder between groups A,B and C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For the patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy,local infiltration anesthesia with ropivacaine can improve the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with parecoxib sodium,and it provides better postoperative analgesia when 0.75 ％ ropivacaine is used.

Objective To determine the effectiveness and safety of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents in the treatment of extracranial internal carotid artery dissection (eICAD). Methods Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents were adopted to treat two cases of eICAD in our hospital. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the medical literatures concerning eICAD, which were obtained from Pubmed database, were reviewed. Results Most researches advocated the empirical use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents in eICAD. About 30% of occluded eICAD could be reopened in 8 days and about 60% - 80% in 3 months after the onset of the disease. During the period of treatment, the rate of ischemic stroke recurrence, disability or death was 8.3%-14.3% in anticoagulant group, while it was 7% - 23.7% in antiplatelet group. Conclusion Antiplatelet agents can be used in patients with eICAD who are contraindicated to anticoagulants. Anticoagulants should be used as early as possible in patients who are not contraindicated to anticoagulants.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus in nervous system. However, the pathogenesis is still unkown. Therapeutic options are mainly pathogenetically oriented therapy and symptomatic therapy. With an increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of DPN, many new therapies have emerged. Comprehensive therapy targeting different pathogenesis will be frequently applied in the future. In this article, the common therapy and advance in treatment of DPN are reviewed.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment of endometriosis in adolescent and to improve our knowledge,and to reduce misdiagnosis.Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with endometriosis in adolescents were analyzed retrospectively.Results Preoperative diagnosis is wrong in nine out of 17 cases.All patients underwent surgical operation and post-operative medcine treatment.Five cases have complicated genital tract anomalies.Four cases relapsed,good prognosis is expected in the other patients.Conclusion Clinical characteristics of endometriosis in adolescents are not positive.The treatment involves the surgical operation and medicine.

Objective To explore the related factors influencing the condensate infection level in order to provide a reference for ventilator pipe care and reducing condensate infections.Methods A total of 80 patients using ventilator in ICU of the First Hospital of Liaoning Medical University was chosen as the research object,and the related factors influencing the condensate infection using correlation and regression analysis method were explored,and the regression model was estabhshed as well.Results Condensate infection were correlated with pipe length (r=0.837,P＜0.01),temperature difference between ward and gas in the pipe (r=0.875,P＜0.01),exhaled gas humidity (r=0.793,P＜0.01) and ventilation (r=0.932,P＜0.01),but the pipe length could not enter the regression equation (t=-0.09,P＞0.05),and the regression equation was y=-168.08 +9.96x1 (temperature difference) +0.33x2 (exhaled gas humidity) +20.98x3 (ventilation).Conclusions Pipe length,temperature difference between ward and gas in the pipe,exhaled gas humidity and ventilation were the influencing factors,and medical personnel can control the infection of condensate considering the influencing factors.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of modifiedYin-Chen-Hao (YCH) decoction on the expression of aquaporin-8 (AQP8) mRNA and protein in rats with estrogen-induced cholestasis, in order to explore the potential mechanism of YCH decoction in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy. A total of 50 SD female rats, which were weighed between 180 g to 200 g, were randomly divided into the normal group (N,n = 10) and the model group (M’,n = 40). The animal model of intrahepatic cholestasis was induced by subcutaneous injection of 17-α-ethinylestradiol (5 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 5 days of rats in M’ group. The same volume of propylene glycol was subcutaneously injected to rats in N group. Five days later, rats in M’ group were divided into the model group (M,n = 10), high-dose (Zg,n = 10), middle-dose (Zz,n = 10) and low-dose (Zd,n = 10) modified YCH decoction group. The intragastric administration of normal saline, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose modified YCH decoction were given to each group for 7 days, respectively. Then, rats were sacrificed and the liver tissues were removed and stored in liquid nitrogen. The expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting analysis. The results showed that compared with the normal group (N), the expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein in liver tissues of rats in the model group (M) were decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group (M), the high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose modified YCH decoction can increase the expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein in liver tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, along with the dose increasing of modified YCH decoction, the upregulation of AQP8 mRNA and protein was increased. It was concluded that the molecular mechanism of modified YCH decoction in treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy may be through the increasing of AQP8 mRNA and protein in liver tissues.