It has been a novel clinical way to repair damaged articular cartilage with autologous chondrocytes cultured in vitro using cartilage tissue engineering technique. There have been many articles about the techniques of chondrocytes culture in recent years. After summarizing and analyzing the involved articles,factors on chondrocytes cultured in vitro were reviewed,including dimension,stress,cell density and oxygen tension,etc. Chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional with multi-factors in vitro can promote quality and quantity of cartilage in tissue engineering. But factors on chondrocytes culture are so complicated that further researches will be needed.

Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSC) can be easily obtained in large quantities and with minimal discomfort.As seed-cells,ADSCs may be well suited to tissue engineering and regenerative medical applications.This article presents an overview of the isolation,expansion,characterization,differentiation and application prospects of ADSCs,as well as the existing challenges in their studies,in an attempt to promote their clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the expression of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptor type-2(TRH-R2) in rat testis during postnatal development,and to discuss its function in the regulation of reproduction development. Methods Western blotting and the immunohistochemical ABC method were used to detect the expression and location of TRH-R2 in testes of 8,15,20,35,60 and 90-day-old rats. And the immunohistochemical results were analyzed with the image analysis system and statistical method. Results Western blot showed that TRH-R2 was expressed in 15- to 90-day-old rat testis. As for the immunohistochemical ABC method,we found that TRH-R2 firstly appeared in 8-day-old rat testes. In all the following stages we also detected the immunochemical positive cells in testes. TRH-R2 was distributed in the interstitial cells between seminiferous tubules and positive substance was expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of Leydig cells.The results of image analyses quantitation revealed that the intensity of TRH-R2 increased progressively with the postnatal development of rats.The peak was in 35-day-old.Then at the following stages the expression of TRH-R2 maintained stable.Conclusion TRH-R2 is expressed in rat testis during its postnatal development and locates in the Leydig cells,and the TRH-R2 shows development-dependent expression in testicular tissue.

Objective: To investigate the effects of DC derived from IL-12-induced erythroleukemia cells on the induction of CTL and protective antituinor immunity. Methods: The cytotoxicity of CTL was assessed by 4h 51 Cr-release assay. HE staining and eleclromicroscopy were used to observe the histological changes after immunized with erythroleukemia-derived DCs. Results: After incubation with naive T cells, the IL-12-induced FBL-3 cells could apparently induce the generation of CTL which exihibit the specific cytotoxicity against wild-type FBL-3 cells in vitro. We further assayed the cytotoxicity of CTL in vivo after immunized with erythroleukemia-derived DCs. CTL cytotoxicity of mice immunized with IL-12-in-duced FBL-3 cells was higher than that of mice immunized with IL-I2-uninduced FBL-3 cells. C57BL/6 mice immunized with IL-12-induced FBL-3 cells could resistant the subsequent rechallenge with the wild-type FBL-3 cells. The tumor growth was efficiently inhibited. Histological observation showed that more inflammatory cells infiltrated into the tumor tissue and necrosis of leukemia cells existed. By transmission electron microscopy, apoptositic phenomena were observed in the tumor of group immunized with IL-12-induced FBL-3 cells. However, these changes were not observed in the group immunized with IL-12-uninduced FBL-3 cells. Conclusion: These data indicate that erythroleukemia cells-derived DCs could induce specific CTL efficiently in vitro and in vivo, and may be used as new vaccine to activate antituinor immune responses.

The distributions and expressions of the T helper 17 (Th17) cells and interleukin 17(IL-17) are found in a verity of tumor tissues.However,their functions in tumorigenesis,which play antitumor or promote tumor roles,have not yet a final conclusion.Therefore,it is necessary to go further study of their functions in tumor microenvirnment.It is wished that in the process of cancer treatment,people would hasten benefit avoids kill and improve the therapeutic effect.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Fasciitis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scapula ; injuries ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate arterial blood gas(ABG)changes induced by different intra- abdominal pressures during CO_2 pneumoperitoneum in rabbits with lung and liver impact injury under controlled hemorrhage.Methods In this study 75 rabbits were randomized into nine groups(6 rabbits in each group)according to the amount of blood loss(6 ml/kg、12 ml/kg、22 ml/kg)and intra-abdominal pressures(5 mm Hg,10 mm Hg,15 mm Hg).After model was established successsfully,respiratory rates (RR),ABG and death rates were observed at pre-pneumoperitoneum,after 0.5 hour and 2 hours under pneumoperitoneum and 0.5 hour after desufflation.Results Without pneumoperitoneum,different blood loss exerted different effect on arterial blood gas:RR,PaCO_2 increased(P

PET-CT plays a increasing important role in the treatment of lung cancer.Compared with CT,the advantage of PET-CT is obvious,which is more accuracy when determine a metastasis and identify inflammatory lesions.What's more,on the basis of the accuracy staging,PET-CT change many strategies which were based on traditional image,resulting in improving the treatment effect.While the assessment and prediction of the efficacy by PET-CT also exerted an important influence on the formulation of treatment strategies.

Objective To explore the effects of different infants-feeding patterns on preschoolers' physical development, intelligence development and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods A total of 953 preschoolers from seven cities and two rural areas in China were recruited by multiple stage stratified cluster sampling methods from November 2011 to April 2012. Physiology measurement was performed to get their height and weight and to calculate body mass index(BMI). BMD of distal radius was measured by ultrasound BMD scanner. The intelligence quotient was assessed by Standford-Binet Test of Intelligence(Chinese Version). The demographic factors and the feeding ways were investigated by an interviewer-administered questionnaire and all subjects were divided into three groups : exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding group. ANOVA analysis, Chi-square test and non-parametric test were used to analyze the data. Results There were 476, 335 and 142 children in exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding groups, respectively. The exclusive breastfeeding rate in urban areas was significantly lower than that in rural areas [47.2%(343/726) vs 58.6%(133/227), χ2=9.780, P=0.008]. The height-for-age Z score and weight-for-age Z score were significantly different among children with different feeding ways (χ2=10.728 and 12.175, P=0.005 and 0.002). The children in the exclusive breast feeding group showed lower height-for-age Z score and lower weight-for-age Z score comparing with those in the mixed feeding and artificial feeding groups (all P<0.05). The value of speed of sound of BMD was significantly different among exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding groups [(3 640.2±142.0) vs (3 613.9±141.9) and (3 613.4±143.0) m/s, F=3.946, P=0.020], and that in the exclusive breastfeeding group was higher than in the mixed feeding group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in BMI-for-age Z score, intelligence score and food allergy rate and food intolerance rate among the three groups(all P>0.05). Conclusions Feeding patterns during the first several months after birth may affect the weight, height and BMD in preschool-children, but not the intelligence development of these children.

[Objective]To translate the SRS-22 Questionnaire from English edition into Chinese version for the use of Chinese adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and to evaluate the metric qualities of this questionnair. [Method] Transcultural adaptation of the SRS-22 Questionnaire was carried out according to the International Quality of Life Assessment Project guide-lines,The final version was decided on by a committee of experts.The Questionnaire was completed by 86 adolescents(M=11,F=75) with idiopathic scoliosis.The patients were 10~18 years old(mean,13.9 years).Curve magnitude ranged from 25? to 45?(mean,35.6?).Out of them,30 patients repeated the questionnaire 3~4 weeks later.[Result]The overall alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.88.Coefficients for individual domains were as follows:function/activity,0.70;pain,0.80;self-image,0.80;mental health,0.88;and satisfaction,0.81.The questionnaire as a whole had a test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.97.Test-retest correlation coefficients for individual domains were as follows:function,0.85;pain,0.96;self-image,0.96;mental health,0.95;and satisfaction,0.91.Six common factors were acquired from factor analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 72.29%. [Conclusion] The Chinese version of the SRS-22 Questionnaire has eligible reliability and validity.It can be used to measure health-related quality of life of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis in China.