AIM: To study the effect of the subretinal fluid (SRF) on proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and retinal glial (RG) cells and associated activation and translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) as well as the application of PKC inhibitor.MTEHODS: RPE and RG cells were disintegrated to obtain PKC activity of cytoplasm and cellular membrane after being treated by the subretinal fluid (SRF) from the different stages of PVR patients (grade B and C) or being treated with PKC specific activator [phorbol-12-myris-tate-13-acetate (PMA)] or normal vitreous or DMEM culture medium. PKC activity in cytoplasm and cellular membrane was measured using radioactive isotope 32P labeling in a specific reaction of phosphorylation on PKC substrate. In addition, the PKC inhibitor, dequalinium chloride, was used to pretreat the RPE and RG cells before the cells exposed to SRF or PMA or normal vitreous. 3H-TdR (tritiated thymidine) was used to measure the levels of proliferation of RPE and RG cells with or without the activation and translocation.RESULTS: SRF and PMA promoted the proliferation of RPE and RG cells. SRF and PMA activated PKC in the cytoplasm of RPE and RG cells and the activated cytoplasm PKC translocated to the cellular membrane of RPE or RG cells. The cell proliferation or PKC activation or translocation were not equally active in RPE as in RG cells. However, PKC inhibitor which attenuated the cell proliferation did not show significant difference on inhibition of RPE and RG cell proliferation. (P ＞0.05).CONCLUSION: SRF can lead to the activation and translocation of PKC in RPE and RG cells, which promote the proliferation of RPE and RG cells. Dequalinium chloride can inhibit PKC activation and translocation hence slow down the cells proliferation.

AIM: To study the curative effect for patients with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.METHODS: Totally 38 patients (38 eyes) with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber were selected and divided into two groups according to the depth of the anterior chamber, as mild shallow anterior chamber group (2-2.5mm) 23 eyes, high risk shallow anterior chamber group (<2.0mm) 15 eyes.Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with age related cataract with normal anterior chamber were as control group at the same period.All the patients received the operations by the same doctor and were followed up for 3mo.The observed items included visual acuity before and after operations, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell density and complications.RESULTS: There were no significant difference on visual acuity, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups before operations (P>0.05).The visual acuity improved significantly after operation in both groups (P<0.05).Intraocular pressure after operation decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05).Anterior chamber depth increased significantly after operation in both groups (P<0.05).Corneal endothelial cell density decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05).There were no significant difference on anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups at different time point after operations (P>0.05).Posterior capsular rupture occurred in shallow anterior chamber group in 1 eye, suspensory ligament rupture in 1 eye.Posterior capsular rupture and suspensory ligament rupture occurred none in normal anterior chamber group.Postoperative corneal edema occurred in 10 eyes (26%) in shallow anterior chamber group, which occurred in 3 eyes (8%) in normal anterior chamber group.The difference on the incidence was significant (P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification should be taken timely for patients with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber.The postoperative visual acuity can be improved and the anterior chamber depth can increase.The operation is safe and effective for those patients.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of intrathecal(IT)human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hMSC)genetically modified with human proenkephalin gene(PENK)in a rat model of neuropathic pain.Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 160-180 g in which IT catheters were successfully implanted without complication were randomly divided into 4 gorups(n = 10 each): group A normal control;group B neuropathic pain(NP);group C NP + hMSC-pBABE and group D NP + hMSC-PENK.Neuropathic pain was induced with chronic constrictive injury(CCI).Four loose ligatures were placed on the main stem of sciatic nerve with 4-0 chronic catgut.IT normal saline 10 μl,hMSC-pBABE cell suspension 10 μl(2 × 108-3 × 108/μl)and hMSCPENK cell suspension 10 μl(2 × 108-3 × 108/μl)were injected in group B,C and D respectively on the 3rd day after operation.Paw-withdrawal latency(PWL)to noxious thermal stimulation was measured before(baseline)and at 3,5,7,9 and 14 d after operation.The animals were killed on the 14th day after last PWL measurement.RNA was extracted from the spinal cord for determination of proenkephalin mRNA expression.Results PWL was significantly decreased after operation as compared with the baseline values before operation in group B,C and D.PWL was significantly longer at 7,9,14 d after operation in group D than in group B and C but there was no significant difference in PWL after operation between group B and C.PENK mRNA expression was significantly lower in group B and C than in group A,but was significantly higher in group D than in group B and C.There was no significant difference in PENK mRNA expression between group B and C.Conclusion Intratheccal human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified with human proenkephalin gene can relieve neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective To construct h n bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line genetically modified with human proenkephalin gene. Methods The packaging cell line Phoenix-293T was transfected with the recombinant pBABE-PENK vector to aquire virus. The recombinant virus was then collected and used to infect hMSCs. Stable expression of proenkephalin gene and leucine enkephalin protein and the concentration of leucine enkephalin protein were detected by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and ELISA respectively. Results The expression of proenkephalin gene and leucine enkephalin protein were significantly up-regulated in the hMSC-PENK cells, and the concentration of leucine enkephalin protein was also increased in the culture medium. Conclusion A human mesenchymal stem cell line that expresses proenkephalin gene and secrets enkephalin was successfully established.

· AIM: To investigate the complications of intravitreal triamsinolone acetonide (TA) injection in vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).· METHODS: From February 2005 to January 2007, 18patients (18 eyes) with PDR who were injected with TA in vitrectomy were observed retrospectively after surgery.· RESULTS: During a postoperative follow-up period of 3 to 6 months (mean 4.6 months), some complications including deposit of TA granules on the macular region and surface of the retina (3 eyes), postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (3eyes), elevated intraocular pressure (2 eyes) and pseudohypopyon (1 eye)were observed.· CONCLUSION: The complications after surgery such as deposit of TA granules on the macular region and surface of the retina and pseudohypopyon could be cured without any special treatment. All eyes with elevated intraocular pressure after surgery were controlled by drug. Re-operation may be an effective method for patients with unabsorbable vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy.

The development of proteomic technique has sparked new focus on novel protein markers for many diseases including cancer. Urine is one of the most useful biofluids for routine testing to provide an ideal resource for the discovery of novel biomarkers, with the advantage over tissue biopsy samples due to the ease and the less invasive nature of urinary collection. This review summarizes urinary protein tumor markers found in prostate cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer that have shown potential for urogenital and non-urogenital cancer, so as to provide reference on high sensitive and high specific urinary protein tumor markers for early prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pilocarpine ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngitis ; etiology ; therapy ; Spinal Diseases ; complications ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and emotional status in functional constipation patients.Methods Thirty-five functional constipation patients (the functional constipation group) and 24 healthy controls (the HCs) were enrolled in an event-related potential (ERP),behavior and electroeneephalogram study while performing an oddball auditory task.Response time,accuracy,latency and P300 amplitude were compared between the two groups.The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),symptom check list-90 (SCL-90) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) were administered prior to the oddball task.Results The average HAMD-17,HAM A and SCL-90 (the somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,depression,anxiety and psychosis dimensions) scores of the functional constipation group differed significantly from those of the HCs.The intro-extraversion and neurosis dimensions of the EPQ were also significantly different.There was no significant difference in response time or latency between the two groups.The ERP results showed that the P300 amplitudes at the F3 and F7 sites were significantly different between the functional constipation group and the HCs.But there was no significant difference in P300 latencies at F3 or F7 between the two groups.Conclusions The findings suggest that patients with functional constipation are more susceptible to depression and anxiety,as well as somatization,obsessive-compulsive tendencies and other neurotic personality characteristics.Patients may employ psychological defense mechanisms to avoid the depression and anxiety.The ERP results imply there may be the implicit cognitive dysfunction with emotion in patients with functional constipation.

Four natures are cold, hot, warm and cool natures of drug, it is the one of main theoretical bases for explaining the effects of traditional Chinese drugs. According to the natures of traditional Chinese drugs, the compatible modality of traditional Chinese drugs can be classified into two types: the compatibility of drugs with same natures and the compatibility of drugs with different natures. Both of them can play the actions of strengthening potency of drugs, enlarging the treated scope, preventing adverse reactions and bringing about new functions.