The standard of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literature metadata is the technological basis and premise of the TCM resource administration and sharing. This paper studied the TCM literature metadata design condition by defining the object of description and discussing the necessity of TCM literature metadata preliminary. It put forward metadata framework structure and element extension principles so as to carry out the specific design work. In order to enhance the practicability of metadata, two means of expression including system table and metadata dictionary were designed with special provisions on description detail rules of metadata dictionary. The design principle of TCM literature metadata was summarized. The issue of balance between accuracy and entirety was considered in the metadata designing.

Informatics of traditional Chinese medicine is an emerging subject.This dissertation analyzes the connotation and scope of the study of traditional Chinese medicine informatics.Through investigating the demand for personnel talents of Chinese medicine hospital and Information Institute of TCM,we comment on with what theoretical basis and practical abilities the TCM information personnel talents should possess.It also proposes the training mode and optimization measures of TCM Informatics education.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic values of transrectal ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy in prostate carcinoma(PCa).Methods A total of 238 patients with suspected PCa received tran-srectal ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy.Results Based on the results of biopsy pathology,88 cases (37.0%)were diagnosed as PCa,105 cases(44.1%)were benign prostate hyperplasia,15 cases (6.3%) were low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm,17 cases(7.1%)were atypical hyperplasia,8 cases(3. 4%)were adenomatoid tumor,and 5 cases(2.1%)were granulomatous prostatitis.Conclusion Tran-srectal ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy is accurate and safe.It is an effective method in diagnosing pros-tatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the issues about distribution of national essential drug system to promote the implementation of national essential drug.METHODS:The problems in the distribution of essential drug and Japan's advanced experience were analyzed in order to put forward suggestion for distribution of essential drug.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The problems in the distribution of essential drug mainly contained low earnings,shortage of business impetus,ambiguous evaluation criteria and irrational distribution of circulation enterprise.The distribution of essential drug should be supervised strictly by absorbing the experience of Japanese pharmaceutical logistic.Rural Two Network should be improved and the logistics capabilities of pharmaceutical enterprises should be strengthened.JIT purchase mode of essential drug should be established in medical institutions as well as third party logistics.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the coexistence of "Medical Insurance List" and "Essential Drugs List". METHODS: A comparative similarities and differences analysis of the scope, role, to develop the basis for the implementation of the effectiveness between the "medical insurance directory" and "Essential Drugs List" was carried out. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The new edition of "Essential Drugs List" is to ease the contradiction of coexistence in long-term, but they are difficult to reconcile in short-term.

Objective To evaluate the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Methods Fifty-four male Kunming mice,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 30-35 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),pulmonary fibrosis group (PF group) and CNP group.Paraquat 10 mg/kg (in 0.1 ml of normal saline) was injected intraperitoneally once every 3 days for 5 times in total in PF and CNP groups,and in addition CNP 3 μg/kg (in 0.1 ml of normal saline) was simultaneously injected via the tail vein once every 2 days for 14 times in total in group CNP.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of paraquat in group C.On days 1,8 and 15 after the end of administation of paraquat,6 mice were sacrificed,and lungs were removed for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),hydroxyproline (HYP) content (using alkaline hydrolysis),and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) content (using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay) in lung tissues.Results Compared with group C,the W/D ratio and contents of HYP and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were significantly increased at each time point after the end of administation of paraquat (P＜0.05),and the pulmonary fibrosis was obvious in group PF.Compared with group PF,the W/D ratio and contents of HYP and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were significantly decreased at each time point after the end of administation of paraquat (P＜0.05),and the pulmonary fibrosis was significantly attenuated in group CNP.Conclusion CNP can reduce paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children under 2 years old. Methods The clinical features and treatment outcomes were analyzed in 57 children under 2 years old and compared with 153 children more than 2 years old. Results Compared with children more than 2 years old, in children under 2 years old, the number of cases with fever was fewer, the fever peak was lower and the lasting time was shorter. However, in children under 2 years old, the severe pulmonary signs were more common, the incidence of wheeze was higher, meanwhile, the count of white blood cells (WBCs) was signiifcantly increased, more small pieces of lfuff shadow was showed on chest X-ray, and the pulmo-nary complications were fewer, less corticosteroid was needed for treatment. After one-week therapy, the chest X-ray shadows were disappeared in most of children. Complications out of lungs, such as rash, liver function damage and cardiac damage can be found in both groups and no signiifcant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children under 2 years old had the characteristics of mild symptoms, severe pulmonary signs, few pulmonary complications, light systemic inlfammations and mild radiological changes.

Background Obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (OMGD) is due to the meibomian gland duct obstruction and/or meibum abnormal secretion.Meibomian gland morphological change is important to clinical observation.Objective This study aimed to image the meibomian gland structures and the morphological changes in eyes with OMGD using a non-contact infrared meibography system (Keratograph 5M).Methods A case-control study was performed in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from January to June in 2015.Sixty OMGD patients and 60 age-matched healthy controls were recruited.Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was employed for the assess of ocular surface symptoms,and slit-lamp examination was performed for the observation of lid margin and meibomian gland orifices.Meibomian gland secretion scores and Keratograph 5M examination the morphological changes of the meibomian glands.According to OSDI questionnaire,the patients of OMGD were classified into mild group (12.0 ＜ OSDI ≤ 22.0) (23 eyes),moderate group (22.0 ＜ OSDI ≤ 32.0) (21 eyes) and severe group (32.0 ＜ OSDI ≤ 100.0) (16 eyes).Partial or complete loss of the meibomian glands (meibomian dropout) was scored from grade 0 (no loss) through out grade 3 (lost area was ＞2/3 of the total meibomian gland area).Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before the examination.Results The OSDI,meibomian gland orifices,meibomian gland secretion scores and meibomian gland dropout scores were significantly higher,and BUT was dramatically shorter in the OMGD group than those in the normal group,showing significant differences between the two groups (Z =-9.425,-8.954,-7.781,all at P＜0.05).The BUT was (6.10± 1.91) s and (10.67-±2.11)s,and meibomian gland dropout scores were 1.35±0.90 and 0.88±0.64 in the OMGD group and normal control group,showing significant differences between the two groups (t=3.276,-12.418,both at P＜0.05).OSDI,meibomian gland secretion scores and meibomian gland dropout scores were significantly in three intergroups (H=52.121,13.642,37.180,all at P＜0.05).BUT,meibomian gland orifices were significantly different among the mild,moderate and severe OMGD (F=58.191,8.474,both at P＜0.05).OSDI showed a significantly high positive correlation with meibomian gland orifices,meibomian gland secretion scores and meibomian gland dropout scores (r =0.708,P =0.000;r =0.759,P =0.000;r =0.270,P =0.003).BUT showed negative correlation with meibomian parameters (r=-0.692,P=0.000;r=-0.691,P=0.000;r=-0.192,P=0.036).Conclusions Keratograph 5M provides an effective noninvasive method in assessing the image of the meibomian gland structures and meibomian gland dropout.There are differences in the ocular surface and meibomian glands between the OMGD patients and normal persons.

Objective To investigate the effect of microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound on liver uhrastructure during the treatment of hepatic trauma.Methods The model of hepatic trauma was established in 18 healthy New Zealand rabbits.The subjects were divided into trauma group,ultrasound group and ultrasound-microbubble group according to the random number table,with 6 rabbits each.Thicker region of the left hepatic lobe was treated by custom-made non-focused ultrasound for 5 min.Peak intensity (PI) was used to evaluate the blood reperfusion of the target region after treatment.Liver specimens were performed transmission electron microscope examination immediately and 24 h after treatment to analyze ultrastructure changes.Results PI ratio in ultrasound-microbubble group (15.1 ± 2.6) was significantly lower than that in trauma group (23.1 ± 1.1) and ultrasound group (23.4 ± 1.3) (P ＜ 0.05).But the difference between trauma and ultrasound groups was insignificant (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with trauma and ultrasound groups immediately after treatment,hepatic cells in ultrasoundmicrobubble group had obvious edema,sinusoids thinned,organelles arranged in disorder,mitochondrial edema was present,endothelia cells of interlobular hepatic artery,interlobular vein and bile canaliculi in the portal area damaged,and microvilli of bile canaliculi disappeared.Hepatic cells showed morphology of apoptosis 24 h after treatment.Conclusion Microbubble-enhanced non-focused ultrasound can be used to make rapid hemostasis by decreasing the blood perfusion,but it causes certain damage to the ultrastructure of hepatic cells and may induce apoptosis in the radiation zone and neighboring cells.

Objective To investigate the establishment and application effect of Evaluation Form for Cancer Pain Nursing Quality Control. Methods Nursing quality control team was founded on account of the leadership of the superintendent of nursing department and the head nurse from department of pain clinic. The team consisted of eight nurses containing the head nurse from model ward of the standardized treatment for cancer pain and nurses from department of pain clinic. According to the criteria and content of on- site assessment of cancer pain standardized treatment demonstration unit, indexes for cancer pain nursing quality was made, combining with the management practice of cancer pain nursing. The quality indexes was divided into five one- class indexes which had a total score of 100 and 20 for each including pain assessment, cancer pain treatment, patient education, nursing ability and others. Each one- class index followed with two - level index. And the table was applied to the cancer pain standardized treatment demonstration unit. Results After application of the Evaluation Form for Cancer Pain Nursing Quality Control, the following items were improved compared with those before application: accuracy of pain assessment [97.22%(70/72)vs.90.28%(65/72)], correctness of nursing record [98.61%(71/72)vs.88.89%(64/72)], satisfactory rate of pain control [97.22%(70/72)vs.84.72%(61/72)], accurate usage rate of cancer drugs [100.00%(72/72)vs.88.89%(64/72)] , understanding rate of health knowledge of patients and their family members[100.00%(72/72)vs.80.56%(58/72)], satisfactory degree of patients and their family members with nurses [100.00%(72/72)vs. 88.89%(64/72)], χ2=4.71, 8.87, 10.86, 8.87, 18.00, 8.87, P<0.05 or 0.01. Conclusions Application of Evaluation Form for Cancer Pain Nursing Quality Control in management of cancer pain can improve the nursing quality of cancer patients.