Objective To study the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis, so as to guide the anti-infection therapy. Methods Eighty-four patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. The anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the anaerobes to seven kinds of antibiotics (like metronidazole, penicillin, cefmetazole, etc.) was tested with the agar dilution technique. Results A total of 305 cultivable anaerobes were isolated from periodontal pockets of 84 patients with chronic periodontitis. All patients were infected by anaerobes. 59.34%of cultivable anaerobes were gram-positive anaerobes, and 40.66%were gram-negative anaerobes. The P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis were the most common among the cultivable anaerobes, accounting for 51.19% and 55.95%, followed by P.intermedia (36.90%), P.micros (35.71%), F.mucleatum (33.33%), Capnocytophaga ssp (27.38%), Actinomyces ssp (10.71%), and so on. Most isolated anaerobes were sensitive to seven antibiotics. All isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Chloromycetin and Imipenem. 98.03%of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Amoxicillin. Approximately 76%to 88%of isolated anaerobes were susceptible to Cefmetazole and Metronidazole. Susceptibility to Clindamycinum and Penicillin were 65.91%and 55.73%. Conclusions There is a close relationship between chronic periodontitis and anaerobes. P.melanin ogenica and P.gingivalis are the most frequently isolated anaerobes from periodontal pockets of patients with chronic periodontitis. Chloromycetin and Imipenem can be used for the treatment of anaerobes infected chronic periodontitis.

Objective To study the rule of breaking Ferula fukanensis seed dormancy under low-temperature and content changes of endo-hormone.Methods The seeds were treated with stratification under 4 ℃ and germinated under 20 ℃.The content of endo-hormone,such as Z,GA_3,IAA,and ABA,was mensurated by HPLC.Results The seed germination rate achieved as high as 14% in 20 d and more than 60% in 40 d.Among breaking the seed dormancy,the content of endo-hormone was decreased gradually,while the rate of GA_3 and ABA was increased quickly in 10—20 d under 4 ℃ stratification.ConclusionThe stratification under 4 ℃ could break the seed dormancy.The rate of GA_3 and ABA is a pivotal factor of the seed dormancy.The endo-hormones IAA and Z have the significant effect on seed germination.

Objective To observe clinical curative effect of acupuncture combined with western medicine in treating acquired paralytic strabismus.Methods Randomly divided 60 patients with acquired paralytic strabismus into a treatment group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group accepted compound anisodine injection for subcutaneous injection beside superficial temporal artery and oral administration of neurotrophic drugs.The treatment group accepted acupuncture treatment in addition to the treatment of the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Before and after treatment,measured the ocular symptom scores,including eye position deviation,eyeball movement obstacle,diplopia,the first squint angle being greater than the second,compensatory head posture and evaluated the clinical curative effect.Results The clinical curative rate in the treatment group was 40.0％ and the total effective rate was 93.4％,which in the control group were 10.0％ and 66.7％ respectively.The total effective rate and curative rate in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05).After treatment,the improvement in the total ocular symptom score and diplopia,deviation of eye position,eyeball movement disorder scores were superior to those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture combined with western medicine was superior to simple western medicine in treating acquired paralytic strabismus,and could significantly improve the eye symptom.

Objective:To examine the utilization and cost of outpatient care and their influencing fac-tors among middle and aged peasant-workers in China. Methods:The data of China Health and Retire-ment Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS) collected in 2011-2012 were used and the data on peasant-workers aged 45 years and older were analyzed with Two-part Model. Results: The four-week outpatient rate of middle and aged peasant-workers was 13. 7% (407/2 974). The determinants of the rate included gen-der, marital status, economic level, household size, the place of insurance enrollment, self-assessed health and having or having no chronic diseases. The average outpatient cost was (400. 3 ± 56. 7) yuan (RMB) and the median was 138. 0 yuan. Multivariate analyses showed that outpatient costs were higher for those males who lived in Eastern China and worked at the same place with insurance enrollment, with fair to bad self-assessed health and chronic diseases. Conclusion:Allowing higher flexibility for migrants to transfer the new rural cooperative medical system ( NCMS ) between rural and urban areas and thus making reimbursement for medical services provided by undesignated providers received immediately could increase the use of outpatient services.

BACKGROUND:Inflamed dental pulp stem cells are a new kind of dental pulp stem cells, and there is no systematic review on the cells by now. OBJECTIVE:To systematical y review the research progress in inflamed dental pulp stem cells. METHODS:A computer-based online search in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases was performed for related articles published from the establishment of the databases to February 2014. The keywords were“(pulptis or inflam*dental pulp*or human dental pulp with irreversible pulpitis) and stem cel*”in English and Chinese, respectively. Hand searching was also done to obtain further information or papers about the studies. The results were qualitatively analyzed to comprehensively summarize the progress in the research of inflamed dental pulp stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 11 papers were involved in result analysis that comprehensively review the research progress in inflamed dental pulp stem cells at the fol owing aspects:the research of history, material origin, cellculture, cel-surface markers, proliferation ability, multi-directional differentiation potential, animal models and clinical use. Researches of inflamed dental pulp stem cells are stil in the initial stage, and cultivating conditions and the establishment of animal models are stil in the exploratory phase. Controversies stil exist in the capacity of proliferation and multi-directional differentiation of the inflamed dental pulp stem cells. And fewer studies have been done in the characteristics of immunity, subpopulation and clinical use of the inflamed dental pulp stem cells.

Objective To evaluate the role of transient receptor potential ion channel 1 (TRPA1) in the spinal dorsal horn neurons in maintenance of neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Fifty-six adult male SpragueDawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =14 each):sham operation group (group S); chronic compression of dorsal root ganglia (CCD) group; CCD + dimethyl sulfoxide group (group D); and CCD + TRPA1 blocker HC-030031 group (group H).CCD was produced by infiltrating the L5 intervertebral foramen with 50 μl of a hemostatic matrix (SURGIFLO) in anesthetized rats in CCD,D and H groups.In D and H groups,10％ dimethyl sulfoxide 20 μl and HC-030031 50 μg were injected intrathecally at 7 days after CCD operation,respectively.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation (PWMT) was measured at 1 day before operation (T0),at 1 h before intrathecal administration (T1),and at 1,2,4,6,8,and 24 h after intrathecal administration (T2-7).Six rats in each group were sacrificed at T4 and T7,the L3-5 segments of the spinal cord were obtained for determination of TRPA1 expression in the spinal cord by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,PWMT was significantly decreased at T1-7,the expression of TRPA1 in the spinal cord was up-regulated at T4 and T7 in CCD and D groups,and the PWMT was decreased at T1 and T5-7 and the expression of TRPA1 was up-regulated at T7 in H group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with CCD group,the PWMT was significantly increased at T2-5 and the expression of TRPA1 was down-regulated at T4 in H group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TRPA1 in the spinal dorsal horn neurons is involved in the maintenance of neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective A systematic review of implementation outcomes of the essential medicine system in China to identify scientific evidences for a better system.Methods A systematic review is made to extract data from the research papers on outcomes of the essential medicine system,followed by an analysis and description of such data.Results Of the 87 papers included,most of them focused on primary care institutions,while four of them on residents or patients,and one of them on pharmaceutical enterprises.The study found the medical institutions with rising availability of essential drugs,lowered medicine costs,rising or dropping business volume,and apparent drop of out-of-pocket expenses for patients.These have encouraged rational drug use.Evidences in hand indicate expected outcomes from the essential medicine system.Conclusion Current researches on the system focus on primary care institutions in developed areas in China,lacking rigorous design.Studies of broader scale,further depth and more rigorous designs of the implementations of the system are recommended for evaluation of the impacts and outcomes of the system on various stakeholders of the policy.

Objective To study the impacts of quality of life,stress response and sources of stress on mental health of community residents.Methods A total of 703 questionnaires completed by community residents living in Hangzhou and Cangzhou were prospectively collected.All the subjects were assigned o five age groups:18-25 years old group,26-35 years old group,36-50 years old group,51-64 years old group and ≥65 years old group.Psychological health status was compared between the groups by using analysis of variance.Results Significant difference in mental health was found among 5 age groups.Correlation analysis showed that quality of life,stress response and sources of stress had significant effects on mental health.Conclusion Our data suggest significant impacts of quality of life and stress on mental health of community residents.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the color doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced echocardiography(CEE)in assessment of intrapulmonary shunting in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome and HIF-1α,iNOS and portal hemodynamic.Methoods To examine the portal vein diameter and blood flow velocity by color Dop-pler,and intrapulmonary shunting by contrast-enhanced echocardiography(CEE).The expressions of HIF-1α and iNOS in serum were determined by ELISA in the normal,hepatocirrhosis amalgamating HPS and unamalgamating HPS separately.Comparison of HIF-1α and iNOS in plasma was carried out and relationship between the portal hemodynamic and the intra-pulmonary shunting was examined in three groups.Results The levels of HIF-1α and iNOS in hepatocirrhosis amalgamating HPS were higher than those in unamalgamating HPS,the diameter of portal vein dilated and the velocity of portal vein dropped,there was correlation(P＜0.05).There were positive correlation with intrapulmonary shunting.Conclusion The color doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced echocardiography (CEE)which reflected HIF-1α,iNOS and the hemodynamic played an role in developing of HPS,and was available to early examine change of intra-pulmonary vessel.

The AC impedance of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells were measured in our laboratory by Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer in the frequency range of 0.01-100 MHz. And then the effect of hematocrit on electrical impedance characteristics of hepatoma cells was observed by electrical impedance spectroscopy, Bode diagram, Nyquist diagram and Nichols diagram. The results showed that firstly, there is a frequency dependence, i.e., the increment of real part and the imaginary part of complex electrical impedance (δZ', δZ"), the increment of the amplitude modulus of complex electrical impedance (δ[Z *]) and phase angle (δθ) were all changed with the increasing frequency. Secondly, it showed cell volume fraction (CVF) dependence, i. e. , the increment of low-frequency limit (δZ'0, δ[Z*] 0), peak (δZ"(p), δθ(p)), area and radius (Nyquist diagram, Nichols diagram) were all increased along with the electric field frequency. Thirdly, there was the presence of two characteristic frequencies: the first characteristic frequency (f(c1)) and the second characteristic frequency (f(c2)), which were originated respectively in the polarization effects of two interfaces that the cell membrane and extracellular fluid, cell membrane and cytoplasm. A conclusion can be drawn that the electrical impedance spectroscopy is able to be used to observe the electrical characteristics of human hepatoma cells, and therefore this method can be used to investigate the electrophysiological mechanisms of liver cancer cells, and provide research tools and observation parameters, and it also has important theoretical value and potential applications for screening anticancer drugs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Electric Impedance ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Membrane Potentials