BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle fiber damage that is induced by prolonged or high-intensity exercise directly cause muscle injury. OBJECTIVE:To propose the existence of a relationship between delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle satel ite cel s after skeletal muscle injury from the objective reality. METHODS:A retrieval of CNKI and PubMed databases was done for relevant literature published from February 1961 to February 2015 using the keywords of“delayed onset muscle soreness;skeletal muscle injury;satel ite cel s, skeletal muscle;myogenic regulatory factors”in Chinese and English, respectively. Final y, 59 articles were included to explore the mechanism of skeletal muscle injury accompanied by delayed onset muscle pain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Skeletal muscle micro-injury mainly refers to ultrastructural destroy and metabolic disorders, involving muscle cel membrane, cytoskeleton, sarcomere and mitochondria, thereby leading to skeletal muscle contraction dysfunction that is often accompanied with delayed onset muscle soreness. Eccentric exercise can cause the severest microdamage to the skeletal muscle fibers. The occurrence of delayed onset muscle soreness can stimulate the secretion of growth factors from skeletal muscle satel ite cel s to a certain extent, and the time series of delayed onset muscle soreness triggered by sustained high-intensity eccentric exercise has a certain correlation with the time series of the proliferation of skeletal muscle satel ite cel s.

The aim of the present study was to detect the transmission rate of ultrasonic low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane (Thickness: 0.01 mm) and Bio-Gide collagen membrane, and to provide the basis for the barrier membrane selection on the study of LIPUS combined with guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The ultrasonic (LIPUS, frequency 1.5 MHz, pulse width 200 micros, repetition rate 1.0 kHz) transmission coefficient of the two kinds of barrier membrane were detected respectively through setting ten groups from 10 to 100mW/cm2 every other 10 mW/cm2. We found in the study that the ultrasonic transmission coefficient through 0.01 mm PTFE membrane was 78.1% to 92.%, and the ultrasonic transmission coefficient through Bio-Gide collagen membrane was 43.9% to 55.8%. The ultrasonic transmission coefficient through PTFE membrane was obviously higher than that through Bio-Gide collagen membrane. The transmission coefficient of the same barrier membrane of the ultrasonic ion was statistically different under different powers (P < 0.05). The results showed that the ultrasonic transmittance rates through both the 0.01 mm PTFE membrane and Bio-Gide collagen membrane were relatively high. We should select barrier membranes based on different experimental needs, and exercise ultrasonic transmission coefficient experiments to ensure effective power.
Biocompatible Materials ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Membranes, Artificial ; Permeability ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics

Objective To examine the prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori in Shanghai and relevant risk factors, evaluate the resistance proifle ofH. pylori isolates to antibiotics used in ifrst-line therapy in two hospitals in Shanghai.MethodsH. pylori were isolated from the biopsy samples of gastric mucosa collected from September 2013 to January 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by E-test method for 131H. pylori strains to 4 antibiotics, clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and tetracycline. Results A total of 955 patients receiving gastroscopy were enrolled. And 248 (26.0%)H. pylori strains were isolated from the biopsy samples of gastric mucosa. Overall, 14.5%, 64.1%, 0 and 0.8% of the strains were resistant to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin and tetracycline, respectively. Resistance to two drugs was found in 10.7%(14/131) of the strains, and majority (92.8%, 13/14) of which were resistant to clarithromycin and metronidazole.Conclusions The prevalence ofH. pylori in gastric mucosa is rather lower compared with the data reported previously. It is associated with the sex, age and clinical outcome of patients, however, antibiotic resistance profile is not related to these factors.H. pylori eradication therapy should be individualized according to the results of susceptibility test in Shanghai.

OBJECTIVETo screen effectual fungicides for field control because of the seriousness of opium poppy mildew and importance of chemical control on plant diseases.

METHODSeven fungicides were screened in Lab experiment and field test during 1996-1997.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONAll of them and their different dosages were effective to control conidia of Peronospora arborescens. Among them, 72.2% propamocarb of 1203 and 902.5 ppm were the most effective both in Lab experiment and field test with efficacy 79.91% and 79.33% respectively in field test, and the efficacy of other fungicides was over 50%. Seven fungicides tested can be used to control nonsystematic symptom of opium poppy mildew.

Carbamates ; pharmacology ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Oomycetes ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Papaver ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo study the pathogen of opium poppy downy mildew and its biological characteristic for further research on the disease.

METHODDevelopment of the disease was observed systematically in the field. Germination rate of sporangium in different temperature, pH and nutrition was examined with suspending-drop method. Slide-germination method was used to observe its germination in different humidity maintained by different concentration of H2SO4.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe disease manifests itself in two forms: severely infected plants (systematic infection) and leaf spots (nonsystematic infection). Sporangia of the pathogen are oval or globular, thin walled, smooth, hyaline, with 7.74-16.34 microns diameter in base 1 and 8.34-15.05 microns in base 2.0 ospores are light yellow with 33.87-70.54 microns x 19.34-62.64 microns in base 1 and 36.85-49.68 microns x 42.08-55.76 microns in base 2. Conidiophores are stout, erect, whose branching times and length are different between those in base 1 and those in base 2. Sporangia sprot directly in two hours. Film of water is necessary for sporangium to sprot. The optimum temperature range of sporangium sprot is 12-21 degrees C, the best being 16 degrees C, the pH range is 4.53-9.18 the best optimum at pH 7.38, and the extract of leaf of 1:5 is good for its germination.

Humidity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oomycetes ; growth & development ; ultrastructure ; Papaver ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Spores, Fungal ; growth & development ; ultrastructure ; Temperature

Background and Objective:A single nucleotide polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor β(TNFβ)gene affected the level of tumor necrosis factor α and was associated with prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).This study was to investigate the association between the TNFβ and ARDS after operation for esophageal carcinoma.Methods:Thinyfour patients with and 116 patients without ARDS after radicaI resection for thoracotomic esophageal carcinoma were recruited in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2005 to June 2007.Peripheral blood samples were collected and DNA extracted.TNFβ genotype was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RPLF).Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in the TNFβ genotype and allele frequency (P>0.05).The time of mechanicaI ventilation was shorter and that of staying in the intesive care unit was longer for ARDS patients with the 1/2 genotype in the TNFβ than for those with other genotypes ( both P< 0.05).The frequency of the 1/1 genotype and 1 allele in the TNFβ was significantly higher in the group of surviving patients with ARDS than in the group of death patients.The odd ratios for mortality of two groups were 16.5 and 11.2, respectively. Conclusions: TNFβ did not appear to be a contributing factor influencing the morbidity of the patients with ARDS after operation for esophageal carcinoma,however, it might affect the development and prognosis of ARDS.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical significance of multiple radiography of the pelvis in the evaluation of surgical outcomes for patients with slow transit constipation complicated with outlet obstruction.

METHODSPatients with slow transit constipation complicated with outlet obstruction were diagnosed by multiple radiography of the pelvis after screening using colon transit study. Surgery was performed according to the cause of the obstruction. Anorectal angle and the locations of perineum, pelvic peritoneum, and bladder were assessed by multiple radiography of the pelvis one month after surgery. The changes in locations of pelvic organs were assessed and the imaging appearance after the release of obstruction was observed.

RESULTSA total of 48 patients were included. Rectocele repair, partial mucosectomy with rectopexy, and hysteropexy were performed. All the patients were followed up with a mean length of 19(6-58) months. Excluding 2 patients who had no symptomatic improvement, the mean bowel movements was 1.9 times per day in the remaining 46 patients(95.8%). Preoperative anorectal angle at the squeezing phase was(128.09±13.82) degree and the difference between squeezing and resting phase was (11.14±12.58) degree, while the postoperative angle was (180.26±9.98) degree and the difference(20.01±13.11) degree(P<0.05). Preoperative location of the perineum at the squeezing phase was(-2.05±0.83) cm and the difference was(2.23±0.78) cm, while postoperative location was (-0.50±1.13) cm and the difference was (2.18±1.04) cm(P<0.05). Preoperative location of the pelvic peritoneum at the squeezing phase was(4.91±1.32) cm and the difference was (1.32±0.89) cm, while postoperative location was (2.62±2.53) cm and the difference was (3.28±0.68) cm (P<0.05). Preoperative bladder location at the squeezing phase in patients with urological symptoms was (3.92±2.51) cm and the difference was(1.39±1.27) cm, while postoperative location was (2.15±1.55) cm and the difference was (1.98±1.54) cm(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMultiple imaging of the pelvis provides objective evidence in the evaluation of surgical outcomes for patients with chronic slow transit constipation complicated with outlet obstruction.

Adult ; Aged ; Constipation ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the clinical features of aortic dissection (AD) and emergency treatments. Methods Data from 784 patients with aortic dissection were collected in the Department of Emergency from January 2000 through December 2009. A retrospective analysis was carried out to determine the survival rate, mortality rate and treatment efficiency. Results Pain was the most common onset symptom (77.7% , 609/784). The majority of patients (86.5%) had essential hypertension (678/784). All the patients with preoperative diagnosis of aortic dissection underwent emergency medical intervention by internists resulting in 81.5% survival rate (639/784) and 18.5% mortality rate (145/784). There were 157 patients without improvement (20.0% ) and the total efficiency rate was (83. 1% ). The efficiency rate of conventional treatment was 76.4% , while the efficiency rate of triple four-procedure treatment was 89. 8% (P<0.05). Of them, 139 patients (17. 7% ) died in the hospital. Among them,. 26 patients died within 24 hours (18.4% ) and 47 cases died within 48 hours (33. 8% ) and 66 patients died within 72 hours (47.2% ). There were 92 patients who refused treatments after diagnosis, and among them, 81 patients died within 72 hours (88.04% ). The difference in mortality rate between two groups was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The diagnosis of aortic dissection depends on detailed history, physical examination and CT or MRI imaging. Analgesia, sedation and control of blood pressure are essential for emergency treatments. Early diagnosis and effective emergency treatments are the critical strategy for the early surgical intervention and time window for further treatment to improve the survival rate of AD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity and gene promoter polymorphism to probe its significance of individual chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children.

METHODSHPLC method was carried out to determine TPMT activity (n=100), which activity at newly diagnosed. At the same time determination of TPMT activity in healthy children (n=180), these children come from the health care clinic. Using online primer3 software design primers, PCR products were purified. To sequence TPMT gene of the patients with clinical events(n=30). According to the method to analysis of correlation between TPMT activity and toxicity.

RESULTSThe average TPMT activities were (31.72±10.31) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹ and (30.70±9.67) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹ in ALL and healthy groups respectively, without gender differences of TPMT activities (P=0.45) in both groups. The TPMT activity with clinical events in newly diagnosed ALL patients (n=30) was (24.07±11.43) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹. There are significant differences of TPMT activities between severe bone marrow suppression [(20.96±7.24) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹] and ALL patients with clinical events groups (P<0.05). The TPMT activity of (40.46±8.18) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹ in recurrence children was also significantly different (P<0.05). TPMT activity in severe liver toxicity group was not significantly different (P=0. 930). Of TPMT gene sequencing in ALL patients with clinical events, only 3 children were heterozygosity mutations of TPMT*3C, while others homozygous genotype. There were significant differences of TPMT activities between heterozygosity genotype [(11.99±1.32) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹] and homozygous genotype groups [(24.95±11.32) nmol·g⁻¹Hb·h⁻¹] (P<0.05). There were five kinds of variations at the vicinity of the promoter region of -100 of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism（*V3/*V3、*V3/*V4、*V4/*V4、*V5/*V5、*V4/*V6）without significant differences of TPMT activities among five kinds (P=0.186).

CONCLUSIONTPMT activity was related to the gene polymorphism. TPMT activity determination had prognostic value and guided individualized treatment.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methyltransferases ; genetics ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Prognosis ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics and influence of cardiac depression on patients with septic shock.

METHODSSeventy seven septic shock patients treated from January 2005 to June 2009 were retrospectively studied, they were divided into two groups based on cardiac index (CI) after early resuscitation, high CI group: CI >/= 3 L/(min.m(2)), low CI group: CI < 3 L/(min.m(2)). Rate of goal achievement, prognosis and whether the global end diastolic volume index (GEDI) increases with central venous pressure (CVP) growth of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThere were 38 patients in the low CI group, and 39 patients in the high CI group. Compared with patients in the high CI group, patients in the low CI group had older age and higher APACHE II score (P < 0.05). Compared with patients in the high CI group, patients in the low CI group had higher mortality rate and lower rate of goal achievement (P < 0.05). In low CI group, 16 patients' GEDI didn't increase with CVP growth, and in high CI group only 6 patients' GEDI didn't increase with CVP growth (P < 0.05); In low CI group, patients whose GEDI didn't increase with CVP growth had higher arterial lactate, lower ScvO(2), lower rate of goal achievement and worse prognosis than patients whose GEDI increased with CVP growth(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor septic shock patients, correlation between CVP and GEDI can reflect cardiac function. Especially for patients with low CI, GEDI doesn't increase with CVP growth is a signal of cardiac depression and can be an early indicator of worse prognosis. Older septic shock patients and those with higher APACHE II score tend to have the complication of cardiac depression.

APACHE ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiac Output ; physiology ; Central Venous Pressure ; physiology ; Female ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock, Septic ; physiopathology