RNA methylation is a key process in the epigenetic regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression.5-Methylcytosine(m⁵C)is a type of RNA methylation,commonly existing in eukaryotic mRNA and non-coding RNAs.It mainly regulates transfer RNA stability,ribosomal RNA assembly,and mRNA translation,stability,and translation.RNA methylation is dynamically reversible and regulated by methyltransferase,demethylase,and methylation recognition protein.It has been confirmed that aberrant m⁵C RNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of non-neoplastic kidney diseases.This article summarizes the current progress of m⁵C RNA methylation associated with non-neoplastic acute and chronic kidney diseases,aiming to provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.
Humans ; Methylation ; 5-Methylcytosine/metabolism* ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism* ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; RNA Methylation

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the synergistic immunomodulatory mechanism of interferon alpha-1b, interleukin-2 and thalidomide (ITI) regimen on patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: Sixty eight untreated de novo or relapsed or refractory or maintenance therapy patients with AML admitted in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the other 11 medical units from March 2016 to May 2019 were treated with ITI regimen. Peripheral blood specimen per patient was collected into EDTA-K3 anticoagulation vacuum tube before the administration of ITI and 3 months after the treatment; peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and perforin and Granzyme B expression were analyzed by using flow cytometry; the levels of VEGF, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 in the plasma were detected by using a cytometric bead array. Thirty-five healthy subjects from the hospital physical examination centre were selected as normal controls. RESULTS: The ratio of CD4 CONCLUSION The ITI regimen can raise the ratio of CD4
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Interleukin-2 ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Perforin ; Thalidomide

OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of glucose metabolism disorders on the short-term prognosis in neonates with asphyxia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the neonates with asphyxia who were admitted to 52 hospitals in Hubei Province of China from January to December, 2018 and had blood glucose data within 12 hours after birth. Their blood glucose data at 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours after birth (with an allowable time error of 0.5 hour) were recorded. According to the presence or absence of brain injury and/or death during hospitalization, the neonates were divided into a poor prognosis group with 693 neonates and a good prognosis group with 779 neonates. The two groups were compared in the incidence of glucose metabolism disorders within 12 hours after birth and short-term prognosis. RESULTS: Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had a significantly higher proportion of neonates from secondary hospitals (48.5% vs 42.6%, CONCLUSIONS Recurrent hyperglycemia in neonates with asphyxia may suggest poor short-term prognosis, and it is necessary to strengthen the early monitoring and management of the nervous system in such neonates.
Asphyxia ; Asphyxia Neonatorum/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world. China has achieved rapid containment of this highly infectious disease following the principles of early detection, early quarantine and early treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the Chinese protocol is based on its successful historic experience in fighting against pestilence. Current findings have shown that the Chinese medicine can reduce the incidence of severe or critical events, improve clinical recovery and help alleviate symptoms such as cough or fever. To date there are over 133 ongoing registered clinical studies on TCM/integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The three Chinese patent medicines (/ (Forsythiae and Honeysuckle Flower Pestilence-Clearing Granules/Capsules), (Honeysuckle Flower Cold-Relieving Granules) and (Stasis-Resolving & Toxin-Removing) were officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration to list COVID-19 as an additional indication. The pharmacological studies have suggested that Chinese medicine is effective for COVID-19 probably through its host-directed regulation and certain antiviral effects.

BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important. Currently, there is no research on the differences in several estimated GFR equations for staging CKD in a large sample of centenarians. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the differences in CKD staging with the most commonly used equations and to analyze sources of discrepancy. METHODS: A total of 966 centenarians were enrolled in this study from June 2014 to December 2016 in Hainan province, China. The GFR with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Berlin Initiative Study 1 (BIS1) equations were estimated. Agreement between these equations was investigated with the κ statistic and Bland-Altman plots. Sources of discrepancy were investigated by partial correlation analysis. RESULTS: The κ values of the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, MDRD and BIS1 equations, and CKD-EPI and BIS1 equations were 0.610, 0.253, and 0.381, respectively. Serum creatinine (Scr) explained 10.96%, 41.60% and 17.06% of the variability in these three comparisons, respectively. Serum uric acid (SUA) explained 3.65% and 5.43% of the variability in the first 2 comparisons, respectively. Gender was associated with significant differences in these 3 comparisons (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The strengths of agreement between the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations were substantial, but those between the MDRD and BIS1 equations and the CKD-EPI and BIS1 equations were fair. The difference in CKD staging of the first 2 comparisons strongly depended on Scr, SUA and gender, and that of CKD-EPI and BIS1 equations strongly depended on Scr and gender. The incidence at various stages of CKD staging was quite different. Thus, a new equation that is more suitable for the elderly needs to be built in the future.
Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Creatinine ; blood ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; blood ; physiopathology ; Uric Acid ; blood

Objective To study the cytotoxicity of multiple gliomaassociated antigens sensitized dentritic cell activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (GDC-CTL) on the human glioma cell line U87 in vitro and the anti-tumor effect of GDC-CTL on the BALB/c nude mouse model of malignant glioma in vivo.Methods Multiple glioma-associated antigens sensitized dentritic cell (GDC) and GDC-CTL were prepared and then analyzed with the phenotypes by flow cytometry.Cytotoxicity of GDC-CTL on U87 cells was determined by CCK8 assay and the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted from GDC-CTL co-culturing with U87 cells for 48 h was detected by ELISA at different effect/target ratios (5∶ 1,10∶1,20∶1).The T lymphocytes without activation with GDC were evaluated as the control group.The BALB/c Nude mice tumor model established by the subcutaneous injection of U87 cells was adopted to assess the anti-tumor effect.The mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group receiving subcutaneous injection with 0.9％ NaCl 0.2 mL,the model,intravenous treatment and local treatment groups receiving subcutaneous injection with 1 × 107 U87 cells in 0.2 mL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM).When the diameter of tumor tissue reached 3 mm,the model group was subcutaneously injected with 0.9％ NaC1 0.2 mL surrounding the tumor,while the intravenous treatment group and local treatment group were injected with 0.2 × 107 GDC-CTL in 0.2 mL phosphate buffer saline (PBS) through the tail vein and subcutaneous injection into the surrounding area of the tumor respectively,3 times a week for 2 weeks.The tumor volume was calculated and the pathological changes in the tumor tissues were observed for comparison.Results Matured GDC expressing the high levels of CD83,CD1a and HLA-DR successfully activated GDC-CTL in which 93.00％ of CD3 + T lymphocytes and 69.00％ of CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes were detected.In vitro experiments proved that the killing rates of GDC-CTL and T lymphocytes on U87 cells were (24.35 ±1.12)％ vs (15.21 ±0.91)％,(38.57±2.10)％ vs (23.35 ±1.30)％,(59.44±3.79)％ vs (35.23 ± 2.33) ％,and the IFN-γlevels secreted from GDC-CTL and T lymphocytes co-culturing with U87 cells were (405.36±27.65) vs (371.11 ±23.23) pg · mL-1,(1509.22 ±97.16) vs (913.54 ±48.35) pg · mL-1,(2429.57 ±183.18) vs (1814.97 ± 123.24) pg · mL-1,at the different effect/target ratios of 5∶1,10∶1 and 20∶1 respectively.There were significant differences between this two groups at the effect/target ratios of 10∶1 and 20∶1 (P ＜0.05).The results obtained from the in vivo experiments showed that the tumor volumes in the intravenous treatment group and local treatment group shrank 34.83％ and 45.37％ respectively,when comparing with the model group (100.00％,P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of tumor tissues showed that the tumor cells in the local treatment group and intravenous treatment group were significandy decreased.Conclusion The experimental results that GDC-CTL can significantly inhibit the growth of ghoma provide more evidences to further study the effective targeting therapy on glioma.

Objective The lentiviral vector was recombined with metal-lothionein ( MT) gene to identify the MT overexpression in human adi-pose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( hADSCs) after transfection and then to study the lead tolerance of genetically modified hADSCs with MT (MT-hADSCs).Methods The recombinant plenti-CMV-MT2A-EYFP vector was constructed with pLenti -CMV -hChR 2 ( E123 T -H134R)-EYFP and MT2A gene for transfecting hADSCs to obtain the MT-hADSCs.The overexpression of MT in hADSCs was identified by immunofluorescence assay.The MTT method was used to assess the cell viability of hADSCs, hADSCs transfected with empty vector, and MT-hADSCs, all of which were treated with lead acetate.Results The re-combinant plenti -CMV -MT2A -EYFP was successfully constructed and transfected into hADSCs.The overexpression of MT was positively detected in the MT -hADSCs.The tolerance of MT-hADSCs to lead was significantly higher than the hADSCs and hADSCs transfected with empty vector.Conclusion MT can significantly increase the tolerance of hADSCs to lead, indicating that MT can reduce the cytotoxicity of lead.The experimental results from this study provide more evidences for further study of using MT-hADSCs to treat lead poisoning.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chronic efficacy of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.

METHODSAfter a 2-weeks placebo run-in period, 232 patients with mild or moderate hypertension were recruited and received HCTZ (12.5 mg once daily) therapy for one year. Patient compliance and blood pressure were monitored and serum BUN, Cr, glucose, electrolytes, and lipids were measured before, 6 weeks and 1 year after treatment.

RESULTS(1) Reduction of SBP, DBP and MAP were more significantly at 1 year [(10.45 +/- 17.28) mm Hg, (8.45 +/- 11.06) mm Hg, (9.12 +/- 10.88) mm Hg] than that at 6 weeks post therapy [(6.01 +/- 16.05) mm Hg, (2.90 +/- 10.33) mm Hg, (3.94 +/- 10.68) mm Hg, all P < 0.05]. Blood pressure were reduced to normal in 35.1% patients at 1 year and in 20.3% patients at 6 weeks (P < 0.05). (2) No patient developed diabetes mellitus or hypokalemia during therapy while the serum uric acid at 1 year post therapy was significantly higher than that at before therapy (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe study indicates that low dose HCTZ is an effective and safe antihypertensive agent for patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and uric acid changes during therapy need to be monitored.

Adult ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; administration & dosage ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE:To establish a reasonable return level for Chinese pharmaceutical industry and to study the return level of the domestic pharmaceutical industry from 2000 to 2005.METHODS:In view of the financial data of Chinese pharmaceutical industry in the statistical yearbook from 2001 to 2006,the return level for Chinese pharmaceutical industry was established based on its risk level using the principle of "risk-return equilibrium",and the rationality of the return level of Chinese pharmaceutical industry over the 6 years was validated as well.RESULTS:Over the 6 years,the average lowest anticipating rate of return for the Chinese medicine industry was 7.72% and the actually average assets income rate stood at 8.53%,i.e.the average abnormal return rate over the 6 years was 0.81%.CONCLUSION:The return rate of Chinese pharmaceutical industry corresponds to the risk level as well as the reasonable return level.