To clarify the clinical significance of alterations of Ha-ras, p53 and RB gene as well as infection with HPV16,18 in human bladder cancer, we examined the state of Ha-ras, p53 and RB genes, sequences of HPV16/18, and their association with clinicopathological parameters in 39 cases of bladder cancer and 7 cases of normal tissue, using nonisotopic PCR-SSCP and dot blot. The overall incidences of Ha-ras, p53 and RB gene mutation and HPV infection in tumor were 61.5% ,36% ,30.8% and 15.4% , respectively. The HPV positive rate was negatively correlated with clinical stage and pathological classification. Rather, the mutations of Ha-ras and p53 gene were positively correlated with the above clinical parameters. The incidence of Ha-ras gene mutation in recurring tumors was significantly higher than that in primary ones. A negative correlation between HPV infection and p53 mutation was also found. The results suggest that the above molecular events and their interaction play important roles in the development of bladder cancer, and that they wonld be of practical assistance in the prognosis and monitoring of bladder cancer.

AIM: To explore the relationship between human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) gene activity and cytopathogenesis in HCMV infection. METHODS: HCMV echelin-infected cell model was set up in vitro by coincubating passage cultured HEL and HCMV with different titers (group A: 10-5; group B: 10-3; and group C: 10-1). FQ-PCR was performed to evaluate the number of HCMV DNA copies. MCP mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Meanwhile the development of cytopathologic effects (CPE) was observed under microscope and ultrastructural changes determined by TEM.RESULTS: Compared with group B and C in high HCMV titer, group A with low viral titer showed low HCMV DNA load (P

Objective:To study the effects of glucose,mannose and galactose on CAP10 promoter activity of Cryptococcus neoformans capsule-associated gene.Methods: Yeast cells were transfected with plasmid containing a 951 bp length of 5′ upstream flanking sequence of CAP10 coding region and a reporter gene,chloramphenicol acetyl transferase(CAT);the transfectants were treated with different concentrations(10,20,40,60,80 mg/ml) of glucose,mannose and galactose.CAT activity was assessed by ELISA method and CAT activities of different groups were compared.Results: Different concentrations of glucose and mannose had no obvious influence on CAT activity;different concentrations of galactose had obvious influence on CAT activity and the influence was positively dependent with its dose within the experimental concentration range.Conclusion: Glucose and mannose have no obvious effect on the activity of CAP10 promoter;galactose has obvious inductive effect on activity of CAP10 promoter,suggesting that CAP10 gene might be related with galactose metabolism.

Chronic Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Population Surveillance ; methods

A new class of dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid was designed and synthesized. The cationic polymer liposomes were prepared by the lipid film-extrusion and post-insertion two methods with these dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid and other lipids. The structural properties of obtained cationic polymer liposomes were studied by laser light scattering and fluorescence spectrometer. It was demonstrated that the nano sized liposomes with different density of surface cationic charges can be prepared by either lipid film-extrusion or post-insertion methods, but post-insertion process did not affect drug loading, did not influence drug loading capacity and did not induce liposomal morphology and particle size. The density of positive charge does not affect the size and distribution of different liposomes size and distribution. It was the better choice for manufacture because post-insertion method did not cause early release of drug and size changes. Cell binding experiments show that cationic polymer liposomes, especially dendrimer polymer liposomes had higher local charge density, and therefore have dramatic non specific cell targeting ability.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and X-ray irradiation on liver carcinoma cell lines BEL-7402. Methods Liver carcinoma cell lines BEL-7402 had been incubated with ELF-EMF (100 Hz, 0.7 mT, 30 min, 3 days) after X-ray irradiation at different doses (0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 Gy). The cells were observed on morphologic changes with scanning electron microscope. Flow cytometry and gene microarray were used to investigate the mechanism of cell apeptosis. Results ELF-EMF plus X-ray induced apoptosis on BEL-7402 was observed under scanning electron microscope.When X-irradiation was 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy, the apoptosis ratios of combined group and only X-irradiation group were 10.0%, 14.5%, 4.3%, 5.1%, 7.1% and 0.1%, 8.1%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 2.2% (P < 0.05) on flow cytometry. The result of microarray indicated that 1465 genes were up-regulated and 1108 down*regulated in the ELF-EMF plus X-ray group in comparison with the control group. The change rates of 110 apoptosis related genes were above 2 times, which including 71 up-regulated and 39 down-regulated. Gene microarray showed that ELF-EMF and X-ray irradiation had a mainly effect on different gene of apoptosis paths (CDC25 and CHKI, ATM, p38, PTEN, p53, G1/S, Fas, G2/M, Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Caspase). The same genes of ELF-EMF plus X-ray group were showed 13 in ELF-EMF group and 42 in X-ray group. Conclusions Apoptosis paths were significantly different between ELF-EMF and X-irradiation. ELF-EMF cooperates with X-irradiation on inducing BEL-7402 cell apoptosis.

Objective To assess the effect of variable durations of warm ischemia on renal function early after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy ( LPN ) and make the definite safety duration of renal warm ischemia.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients treated with LPN from October 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into 3 groups based on warm ischemic time,namely group A (28 cases) with warm ischemia time less than 20 min,group B (34 cases) with warm ischemia time more than 20 min and less than 30 min, group C ( 14 cases ) with warm ischemia time more than 30 min.LPN was performed with renal artery clamping alone in all the patients.Preoperative and postoperative renal scintigraphic scan was performed to access glomerular filtration rate ( GFR) in all patients.The GFR values were compared among before, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation.The factors predicting the early renal injury were assessed by multivariate regression analysis.Results The renal GFR of the kidney underwent LPN decreased 19.43(17.70,22.06) ml/min at 1 week,17.04(13.94,20.70) ml/min at 1 month,13.82(10.72,18.73) ml/min at 3 months after the surgery in group C,respectively.In group A, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 12.07(10.91,13.42) ml/min,10.04(9.16,11.75) ml/min, 8.44(7.07,9.72) ml/min,respectively.In group B, the renal GFR of the operated-side decreased 13.64 (12.48,16.72) ml/min,10.29(9.17,14.27)ml/min,9.63(7.85,12.59) ml/min,respectively.The GFR decreased greater in group C than that in group A and B(P<0.05).The total renal GFR decreased (10.70 ± 4.93)ml/min at three months in group C,compared with (5.64 ±4.12)ml/min in group A and (6.37 ± 4.32)ml/min in group B,respectively.The decreased value in group C was greater than that in group A and B(P<0.05).However,the differences of the total renal GFR among the 3 groups were not significant at 1 week and 1 month(P>0.05).The multivariate regression analysis revealed that warm ischemia duration was the independent risk factor of the early renal injury.Conclusions Warm ischemia duration is the major factor regarding the early renal recovery after LPN.Warm ischemia time more than 30 min may not only greatly affect the renal function but also the renal function recovery rate.

Objective:To study the correlation between responses to Hepatitis B and HLA DRB1*07 DRB1*04 DRB1*1001. DQB1*0401 genes in Han population in Ningbo.Methods:A total of 240 Han people living in Ningbo received the routine vaccination of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.The serum levels of anti-HBs antibody were examined and the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to tile results:negative responses group(n=120.anti-HBs D

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol combined with remifentanil or sufentanil on cognitive function in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ neurosurgical patients undergoing resection of glioma in cerebral cortical functional area were divided into 2 groups by random digits table: propofol + remifentanil (group RF, 30 cases) and propofol + sufentanil (group SF, 30 cases). Scalp nerve block and local infiltration of incision and dura mater were performed in both groups with 0.5% ropivacaine. Propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil were administered by target controlled infusion. The target plasma concentration of remifentanil was set at 1-2 ng/ml and that of sufentanil at 0.1-0.2 ng/ml,propofol was set at 3-6 μg/ml at open skull stage. The patients were inserted laryngeal mask and mechanically ventilated. Bispectral index (BIS) was monitored as the depth of anesthesia. Mini-mental scale examination (MMSE) was investigated at the time of preoperative,intraoperative wake-up after the patients had been targeted capacity. Results Blood concentration of propofol in group RF was (1.10 ± 0.06)μg/ml, group SF was (0.98 ± 0.05)μ g/ml in patients during intraoperative wake-up. BIS in group RF changed from 46.4 ± 2.5 to 90.8 ± 3.2 during wake-up, group SF from 44.8 ± 2.1 to 89.9 ± 3.2. The cognitive function score was not significantly different at the time of preoperative and intraoperative assessment. Conclusion Propofol combined with remifentanil or sufentanil has no effect on cognitive function for the patients undergoing awake craniotomy.

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to conduct the operation of ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) in thoracic spine, and the operation needs complecated operative skill, and unmerited disposal tends to worsen neurological dysfunction.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the operative method for OLF of thoracic spineand functional restoration.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, SecondMilitary Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 56 patients with OLF of thoracic spine, whowere treated at the Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital fromAugust 1996 to August 2003.METHODS: The operative therapy was performed in all the patients, and the method was determined by the results of MRI and CT examination: ①The 19 patients, whose OLF in thoracic spine was focal type, and range of lesion did not exceed two segments, were treated with simple resection and decompres sion in posterior wall of vertebral canal. ②Fenestration and sledging-allocating manipulation in the whole piece unilateral lamina of vertebra were carried out in 29 cases involving more than 2 segments. ③If coplanar OLF in thoracic spine combined with protrusion of thoracic spine disc or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, decompression of posterior midline approach+posterior lateral approach was performed, totally 8 cases.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-operation functional restoration was evaluated with Epstein standard, excellent: recovery of sensation and exercise was near to normal; good: spinal cord function was improved significantly, and permitted to walk with brace; fair: small partial restoration of sensory and motor function, unable to walk; bad: Inefficiency or becoming severe.RESULTS: A total of 55 cases were followed up for more than one year and 1 case only for two months after operation. ①Functional restoration: excellent: 39 cases; good: 8 cases; fair: 5 cases; bad: 4 cases. ②Symptom recovery after operation was confirmed by disappearance of tight sensation, reduction of muscular tension, relieving of numbness in order. ③The recovery was rapid for 3 to 6 months after operation. Part of patients' condition was still ameliorating during one year after operation, and rare advancement 2 years later. The recovery of complete paraplegics was bad, so was the severe paraplegia with long history. CONCLUSION: Compressive myelopathy caused by OLF in thoracic spine should be treated in an earlier period by operation. Resection and decompression of posterior wall of thoracic spine and decompression of posterior approach could be choosed according to different condition.