Objective To investigate the curative effect of cephalosporins in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia and the effect on intestinal microflora.MethodsA total of 124 cases of neonatal pneumonia in our hospital were divided into the cephalosporin group (40cases), the piperacillin group (38 cases) and the combined treatment group (46 cases), and 40 healthy neonates were selected as healthy group.The clinical efficacy was compared.The intestinal bacterial genus of the four groups was examined on the 5th day after treatment, including Enterobacter, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.ResultsThe cure rates of the cephalosporin group, the piperacillin group and the combined group were 82.5%, 81.57% and 89.13%, respectively.The healing time of the above three groups was (5.3±0.2) d, (5.5±0.3) d and (5.2±0.3) d, respectively.Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were significantly more in the above three groups than the healthy group, and Bifidobacterium was fewer than healthy group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the cephalosporin group and piperacillin group.ConclusionThe curative effect of cephalosporins is similar to other antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia.The former can effectively relieve alteration of intestinal flora, combined with other drugs.Irrational use of antibiotics woll increase alteration of intestinal flora.

Objective To observe the protective effects of AG on the myocardial ultrastructure of diabetic rats.Methods STZ-induced diabetic male SD rats were divided into two groups: aminoguanidine(AG group,50 mg?kg~(-1) body weight by daily gavage) and diabetes mellitus groups(DM group).Age-matched normal male SD rats served as normal control(NC group).After 10 weeks of treatment the level of blood glucose was measured and the rats were killed.Cardiac muscle were observed by transmission electronic microscope.Results The changes of cardiac ultrastructure had no significant difference between AG-group and NC-group and were better in AG group than in DM group as following:(1) Myofibril arranged tidily with intact regular edge;(2) Mitochodria were big and normomorph with crests arranging densely,some mitochondria gathered locally;(3)Base membrane of blood vessels didn′t thicken with lumen not narrowed;(4) The collagenous fiber in stroma reduced but amorphous material didn′t reduced. Conclusions The ultrastructure pictures of diabetic cardiomyopathy is inhibited or delayed by AG,which suggests that AGEs may play some role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Objective To examine the current situation of smoke-free policies and the support for comprehensive smoke free policies in Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Methods Data from Wave 1 of the ITC China Survey (April 2006-August 2008) were analyzed. The ITC China Survey employed a multistage sampling design across 6 cities: Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 4 815 smokers and 1 270 non-smokers across the 6 cities to examine their support for smoke free policies. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with support for comprehensive smoke free policies. Results None of the six cities had implemented comprehensive smoke free policies. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars was relatively lower compared to hospitals, schools, and public transport vehicles. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars were associated with knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke (for workplaces OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.08~1.49; for restaurants and bars OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.17~2.05). Conclusion More comprehensive smoke free policies are needed in the 6 cities. To improve support for comprehensive smoke free policies, public knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke needs to be strengthened.

Humans ; Mineral Fibers ; toxicity ; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms ; chemically induced

Dust ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Inhalation Exposure ; prevention & control ; Nanoparticles ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo study the consistency between DR and high-kV chest radiographs in diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and to explore the feasibility of DR chest radiograph in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

METHODSTwenty five coal miners were examined with DR and high-kV chest radiographs at the same time. Image post-processing parameters (density, contrast, etc.) were set to ensure the quality of DR chest radiograph in Philips Essenta DR machine. In order to avoid the repetitive numbers, 50 chest radiographs were numbered at random. Pneumoconiosis diagnosis was conducted by six independent certified occupational physicians of pneumoconiosis by blind method. The consistency between 2 kinds of chest films was assessed.

RESULTSAll chest radiographs (25 cases, 50 chest films) were excellent. The diagnosis results of six readers on the 15 pairs of DR and high-kV chest radiographies were summarized. For high-kV chest radiographs, the consistency of pneumoconiosis classification for 12 pairs of readers was more than 68%, the consistency of total density for 11 pairs of readers was more than 68%. For DR chest radiographs, the consistency of pneumoconiosis classification for 13 pairs of readers was more than 60%, the consistency of total density for 14 pairs of readers was more than 60%. The consistency of pneumoconiosis classification between two chest radiographs was 72% (value: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.46-0.92), the consistency of total density between two chest radiographs was 80% (value: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-0.95).

CONCLUSIONWhen the chest radiograph quality was good and the difference of reading films was low, there was a good consistency of pneumoconiosis diagnosis between DR chest radiographs and high-kV chest radiographs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of image post-processing parameters on DR chest radiograph for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

METHODSEighty three coal miners were examined with high-kV and DR chest radiographs at the same time. Image post-processing parameters (density, contrast and so on) were designed in a Philips Essenta DR machine were designed, then differences of image quality between high-kV and DR chest radiographs were compared.

RESULTSAfter regulating image and proceeding the parameters, the OD (optical density) values of high density areas in the upper-middle lung fields, subphrenic and direct exposure areas were 1.58 +/- 0.10, 0.23 +/- 0.02 and 2.80 +/- 0.21, respectively. The quality of chest films met the requirements of diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis. The rate of excellent chest films for DR chest radiograph was 95.18%, which was significantly higher than that (80.72%) for high-kV chest radiograph (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAppropriate parameters of image post-processing can make DR chest radiograph to meet the requirements of chest radiograph quality for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the levels of serum lipid on the prognosis of patients with severe heart failure.MethodsThe clinical data of 149 patients with severe heart failure was analyzed retrospectively,the levels of serun lipid were compared among different causes and different NYHA cardiac functional grading patients.And the prognosis was compared between low-serum lipid and non-low-serum lipid patients.Results There were significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol(TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),albumin (ALB) among different NYHA cardiac functional grading (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference in triacylglycerol (TG) among different NYHA cardiac functional grading(P ＞ 0.05 ).The levels of TC,HDL-C,LDL-C in dilated cardiomyopathy and rheumatic heart disease were lower than those in coronary heart disease combined with hypertension and ischemic cardiomyopathy,there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).Followed up for 2 years,the mortality,deteriorated frequency,hospitalization frequency more than 2 times a year and hospitalization time more than 1 month in low-serum lipid patients [29.0％ (9/31 ),25.8％ ( 8/31 ),48.4％ ( 15/31 ),61.3％ ( 19/31)]were higher than those in non-low-serum lipid patients [9.3 ％ ( 11/118 ),9.3％ ( 11/118 ),17.8％ (21/118 ),24.6％ (29/118 )],and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusions For patients with severe heart failure,NYHA cardiac functional grading has significantly negative correlation with their serum lipid levels.Lower serum lipid levels will seriously affect the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the causes of repeated operations in patients with biliary diseases.Methods The clinical data of 265 patients who received repeated operations at the Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from January 2005 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The causes of repeated operations were analyzed. The first reoperation aimed at removing the calculi completely,repairing the injured biliary ducts and managing malignant tumors. The primary surgical procesures of the first reoperation included choledochotomy + T tube drainage,choledochotomy + Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography + endoscopic sphincterotomy,choledochotomy + hepatectomy + T tube drainage or Rouxen-Y choledochojejunostomy,choledochotomy + biliary-endo-drainage,end-to-end anastomosis of bile duct + T tube drainage,radical or palliative resection of tumor,endoscopic biliary stent drainage or exploratory laparotomy.The second and multiple reoperations aimed at reconstructing the passage for biliary drainage. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results A total of 69.8％ (120/172) of patients who had recurrent or retained calculi received first reoperation,which was significantly higher than 31.2％ ( 29/93 ) of those who received second or multiple reoperations (x2 =36.51,P ＜ 0.05 ).A total of 58.1％ (54/93) of patients who had benign stenosis of bilioenteric anastomosis received multiple reoperations,which was significantly higher than 4.1％ (7/172) than those who received first reoperation (x2 ＝ 99.32,P ＜ 0.05 ).Of the 265 patients,46 had complications.The incidence of complications of patients who receive first reoperation was 10.5％ ( 18/172),which was significantly lower than 30.1％ (28/93) of patients who received second or multiple reoperations ( x2 =13.61,P ＜ 0.05 ).Six patients died of hemorrhagic shock or multiple organ syndrome dysfunction postoperatively.The mortality rates for patients who received first reoperation and second or multiple reoperations were 1.7％(3/172) and 3.2％ (3/93),respectively,with no significant difference ( x2 ＝ 0.59,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions The causes for reoperation of biliary disease are muhifactorial.Full assessment of the status of biliary diseases and ample preperation preoperatively,careful operation and precise and rational selection of operative procedures are keys to decrease the reoperative rates and perioperative complications.

Objective To explore the efficacy of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in the treatment of heart failure patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Ninety-six CHD patients with heart failure were divided into observation group (48 cases) and control group (48 cases) by random digits table,and rhBNP was used in observation group and nitroglycerin was used in control group.The efficacy,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and urine output in two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 93.75％ (45/48),and 81.25％ (39/48) in control group,there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).LVEF and urine output after treatment were better than those before treatment [observation group:(57.7 ± 3.9)％ vs. (32.5 ± 3.1 )％,(70.5 ± 31.1 ) ml/h vs.(34.5 ± 13.7) ml/h;control group:(52.2 ± 3.3)％ vs.(33.4 ± 2.9)％,(53.6 ± 23.4) ml/h vs.(33.8 ± 13.4)ml/h,P ＜ 0.05 ].After treatment,LVEF and urine output in observation group were higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Incidence of adverse reaction in observation group was lower than that in control group [ 18.75％ (9/48) vs.35.42％ ( 17/48),P ＜ 0.05 ].Conclusion rhBNP has curative effect and small adverse reactions on CHD patients with heart failure,and can significantly improve the patients' general condition.