Patients possibly incur cognitive disorders when they suffer from obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The pathogenesis of OSAHS is mainly associated with turbulence of sleep structure and chronic episodic hypoxia during sleep, and the pathological changes in cerebral areas hypersensitive to hypopnea may be responsible for cognitive dysfunction. It has been preliminarily showed that cognitive disorder in OSAHS is a generalized cognitive impairment and is possibly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, measures for cognitive evaluation have been improved by the application of the neuroimage; however,to build a highly specific,maneuverable evaluation system still demands more exertion. Despite the fact that early remedies for OSAHS may slow down the cognitive dysfunction,there still lacks specialized treatment for cognitive disorders. OSAHS is not rare in children and it can affect their cognitive function, which demands more attention.

Objective To study the clinical and imaging characteristics as well as cerebrospinal fluid chan-gea(CSF) of spontaneous intracranial hypotensian syndrome (SIHS).Methods The clinical characteristics, CSF and imaging data of 13 patients diagnosed as SIHS were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the 13 patients had orthostatic headache accompaning one or more numerous symptoms including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diplopia and neck stiffness.All the patients had low CSF pressure,which was below 60 mm H2O and high CSF protein was in 5 patients, 8 had increased white cell counts and 9 had increased red cells counts;CT was performed in all patients.On CT scan the subdural effusion or small ventricles were compressed in 4 patients.MRI typically revealed diffused pachymeningeal enhancement in 2 patients;All the patients experienced relief of symptoms through conventional treatment.Conclusion Orthostatic headache is the most typical symptom in spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome and diffused pachymeuingeal enhancement is the most common imaging manifestation, and CSF hypovol-emia is the basis of pathophysiology of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and health economics between open choledocholithotomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) these two operations on patients with choledocholithiasis. Methods177 patients (aged 20-75 yrs, with simple choledocholithiasis on medical imaging,who had not been treated with either biliary tract surgery or EST, and had no severe complications)were treated electively at the Beijing Friendly Hospital and Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from 2002 to 2009. These patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment they received: open operation (n=62), or EST (n=115). There was no significant difference in sex, age, ASA class,symptoms before operation, and complications before operation between the 2 groups. The following data were compared: operation time, blood loss, size and number of stone, duration of postoperative ileus, duration of abdominal pain, incidence of postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, cost of hospitalization and operation, and incidence of residual stones. ResultsFor the open operation group, the operation time was 50-300 min (M=110), the blood loss was 10-300 ml (M=60), the duration of post-operative ileus was 24-96 h(M=48), the duration of abdominal pain was 0-96 h(M=48), the duration of hospitalization was 8-70 d(M=21), the duration of hyperamylasemia after operation was 8.1％ and the cost for operation was 546-2498 yuan (M=1503. 2). For the EST group, the operation time was 10-120 min (M=25), the blood loss was 2-40 ml (M=10),the duration of post-operative ileus was 1-48 h (M=3), the duration of abdominal pain was 0-144 h (M-0), the period of hospitalization was 5-56 d (M=17), the duration of hyperamylasemia after operation was 40％ and the cost for operation was 2028-5728 yuan (M=2028). There were significant differences in every aspect between these 2 groups of patients. Conclusions EST has a significantly shorter operation time, less blood loss, shorter duration of postoperative ileus, shorter duration of abdominal pain, shorter duration of hospitalization. However, EST had a significantly higher incidence of hyperamylasemia after operation and the cost was higher than open operation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of self-made herbal desensitizer in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Methods:Herbal desensitizer was made of corydalis tuber, asarum herb, long pepper, galangal rhizom and prepared wild aconite root into three different forms:gargle(GG), embrocation(EC) and cataplasm(CP). 750 g/L sodium fluoride paste(SFP) was used as the control. 765 teeth with dentine hypersensitivity in 216 patients were treated with GG,CP,EC and SFP respectively at random. In group CP dental tray was used to carry the desensitizer.The clinical effects were observed in the following 6 months. The effects of the drugs on the obstruction of detinal tubules were observed with scanning electron micoscope(SEM) in the in vitro experiment on 12 extracted teeth.Results:The clinical immediate effective rate(%)of GG,CP,EC and SFP was 57.3(110/192),91.8(179/195),86.9(166/191) and 63.6(119/187) (CP vs GG,EC or SFP P

Light cannot be propagated within the range of photonic crystal band gaps. Based on this unique property, we proposed a method to improve anti-radiation capability through one-dimensional photonic crystal coating. Using transmission matrix method, we determined the appropriate dielectric materials, thickness and periodic numbers of photonic crystals through Matlab programming simulation. Then, compound one-dimensional photonic crystal coating was designed which was of high anti-radiation rate within the range of X-ray. As is shown through simulation experiments, the reflection rate against X-ray was higher than 90 percent, and the desired anti-radiation effect was achieved. Thus, this method is able to help solve the technical problems facing the inorganic lead glass such as thickness, weightiness, costliness, high lead equivalent, low transparency and high cost. This method has won China's national invention patent approval, and the patent number is 201220228549.2.
China ; Computer Simulation ; Light ; Photons ; Radiation Protection ; X-Rays

Objective To investigate the anti-erythropoietin antibody level and its clinical significance in maintenance dialysis patients. Methods Eighty maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and 30 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were enrolled in the study. Serum anti-erythropoietin antibody levels of above 110 dialysis patients were measured by ELISA. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), Scr, BUN, Hb, and CRP were determined by conventional methods at the same time. Correlations among these indexes were examined. Results The anti-erythropoietin antibody levels of the dialysis patients were significantly higher than those of healthy people (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was found between HD patients and PD patients. There were no significant differences of anti-erythropoietin antibody, Hb, BUN, Scr, iPTH and CRP among different primary diseases. Hb was negatively correlated with anti-erythropoietin antibody and CRP (r=-0.56, -0.20,P ＜0.05), but was not correlated with BUN, Scr, iPTH. There was no correlation of antierythropoietin antibody with BUN, Scr, CRP and iPTH. One patient receiving recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) treatment with anti-erythropoietin antibody 43.63 U/L developed pure red cell aplasia diagnosed by marrow biopsy. Conclusions The anti-erythropoietin antibody levels of the dialysis patients are significantly higher as compared to healthy people, but are not significantly different between HD and PD patients. Anti-erythropoietin antibody is not correlated with BUN, Scr,iPTH and CRP. Hb is negatively correlated with anti-erythropoietin antibody and CRP. The rHuEPO can induce the anti-erythropoietin antibody leading to pure red cell aplasia in dialysis patients.

Objective: To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five active components ( 5-O-methyl-visammioside, prim-O-glucosycimifugin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid and forsythin) in Sijiganmao tablets. Methods:The samples were separated on an Agilent C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) by acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid solution with gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 283nm,the flow rate was 1. 0μl·min-1 ,the column temperature was 30℃,the detection wavelength was 283 nm,and the sample size was 10μl. Results:The complete separation was obtained for the five active compounds. The five regression e-quations showed good linear relationships. The average recoveries of the compounds were between 95. 0% and 105. 0%. Conclusion:The established method is accurate, reliable, simple and effective, which can be used in the quality control of Sijiganmao tablets.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods:We obtained clinical features and follow-up data of 102 patients with MM to analyze the prog-nostic value of peripheral blood ALC. Results:Patients with ALC>1.51×109/L were designated as group 1, whereas patients with ALC<1.51×109/L were designated as group 2. Group 1 had significantly lower age as well as concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) andβ2-MG than group 2 (P<0.05). The overall survival (OS) of group 1 was significantly higher than group 2 (P<0.05). Sex, ALB, Du-rie-Salmon stage, isotype, subgroup, and stage according to the International Staging System in group 1 were not significantly different compared with group 2 (P>0.05). Conclusion:Lower ALC is a poor prognosis factor. ALC may be an important prognostic factor of MM.

Objective To investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) on the recovery of gentamicin-induced acute renal failure(ARF),and explore its possible mechanism.Methods MSCs were isolated from a male SD rat and labeled with DAPI before injection.ARF rat model was reproduced by hypodermic injection of gentamicin.At the time that gentamicin was injected,MSCs were injected through tail vein.Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(10 each): MSCs injection group(group M),DMEM-F12 infusion group(group D) and control group(group C).Rats were sacrificed on day 7 after gentamicin injection.The levels of serum Scr and BUN were determined,and the renal tissue was sampled for pathological observation.Cell apoptotic index(AI) was calculated after terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).The expressions of Bcl-2,Fas and FasL proteins and PCNA were determined by immunohistochemical technique.The distribution of DAPI positive MSCs in kidney of recipient SD rats was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results HSK score(5.5?0.8 vs 10.2?0.8,P

Objective:To evaluate the effect of subconjunctival injection of Bevacizumab(Avastin) on corneal neovascularization(CNV) in rabbits.Methods:Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group(group A,3 rabbits),neovascularization group(group B,9 rabbits) and Bevacizumab treatment group(group C,36 rabbits).Group C was further divided into group C1(1 day small dose group),C2(1 day high dose group),C3(14 days small dose group) and C4(14 days high dose group),with 9 rabbits each group.CNV model was made by suture in group B and C.Animals in group C were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1 ml or 0.2 ml Bevacizumab(25 mg/ml) in the left eyes.The growth of CNV was observed every day after operation and the neovascularization areas calculated.Expression of VEGF in the cornea was detected by immunohistochemistry on day 7,14 and 28 after suture.VEGF content in the aqueous humor was determined by ELISA assay.Results:CNV growth in group C1 and C2 was inhibited significantly compared with that in group B on day 7,14 and 28(P