Objective To understand the needs for and supply of clinical research consultation at the clinical epidemiological unit (CEU) in a general hospital. Methods Data were collected from work records of 2008 of CEU and were analysed. Results There were three faculties and three graduate students in the CEU, who altogether provided 272 consultations in 2008. 147 of the consultants were doctors (54.0%), and 90 were graduate students (33.1%). With regard to the content of consultation, 106 (39. 0%) were for bio-statistical methods, 96 (35. 3%) for project design, 36(13.2%) for paper writing and 24 (8.8%) for others. The professor of the CEU provided more consultation on project design (71/139, 51.1%) than assistant professors (22/151, 19.1%) and graduate students (3/18, 16.7%) (P＜0.01). The assistant professors (66/151, 57.4%) and graduate students (10/18, 55.6%) provided consultation on bio-statistical methods more than the professor (30/139, 21.6%) (P＜0. 01). Conclusion Doctors and graduate students in the general hospital need clinical research consultation service from the CEU. It is necessary and possible to establish a CEU in general hospital to meet the needs of clinical epidemiological consultation. The free consulting policy is effective in improving the accessibility and satisfaction of the consulting service.

Objective To summarize the progresses in laboratory animal science in civil and military fields,and explore the problems existed in development of laboratory animal science in PLA. Methods Literature concerning the laboratory animal science published domestically and abroad were retrospectively and descriptively analyzed. Integrated with the practices on laboratory animal science,the strategies and suggestions for future development of laboratory animal science in PLA were herewith presented. Results Considerable developments have been achieved in the laboratory animal science in PLA,including the improved productive facilities and experimental conditions,and preliminarily established system of traiming of personnal. However,compared with the development level of laboratory animal sciences at home and that of abroad,such disparities as heterogeneity in quality of experimental animals from different breeding institues,lower standard in experimental technology,poorer foundation in the development of animal model special for military purpose,and lack of strategic reserve of laboratory animal resources,etc could still be found. Conclusions The development of laboratory animal science in PLA should depend on a combination of military efforts and civilian support,with establishment of the mechanism to share resources and professional personnel. Meanwhile a long-term mechanism should be developed for professional training of personnel in breeding experimental animals for researches in the field of military medicine,in order to establish a truly fundamental discipline of animal science for research of military medical sciences.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between CD200~+CK7~+ trophoblasts and the resorption of embryos in a poly (I∶C)-induced abortion model. METHODS: The status of CD200 expression was investigated in Balb/c?C57BL/6 and Balb/c?Balb/c mice as induced model of embryo-resorption by an i.p. injection of poly (I∶C). CD200 expression on CK7~+ cells from placentas was detected with flow cytometry. CD200~+ cells in placenta were observed with immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: Both the percentage and absolute number of CD200~+CK7~+ cells were dramatically decreased by injection of poly (I∶C) in Balb/c?C57BL/6 (6.3%?6.2% vs 36.1%?9.3%, P

Overall enhancement of the public health system ranks a key task and goal for the ongoing health reform.This paper described the public health development in Shenzhen amid the ongoing health reform.Shenzhen has achieved the following objectives as required in the reform:better public service by public health institutions,availability of major and primary public health services as required by the state and city,overall elevation of public health service capabilities,and significant drop of disease morbidity and mortality.Challenges ahead include room of improvement in public health service network,incentive mechanism of public health service providers,and that of public health service delivery capability.

Objective To evaluate the ethical management status quo of Capital Medical Research Fund in 2007.Methods Cross-sectional study was applied to analyze the ethics management and ethics self-evaluation in applications.Results There were 652 applications,covering with 14 districts and 2 counties in Beijing,from 128 Hospitals.Applicants have some knowledge of the ethical issues in clinical research accounted for 88.7％ ; informed consent of subjects considered in 72.5％ ;the potential risk and protection involved in application accounted for 62.0％; personal privacy protection of subject accounted for 49.4％.Unfortunately,the benefit vs risk assessment was only involved in 28.7％ applications.Applicants from general hospitals had more ethical issue knowledge (90.2％) than those from community hospitals (84.6％).Applicants from university hospitals had more ethical issue knowledge (93.9％) than those from military hospitals (80.2％).Applicants aged 55 0r over had less ethical issue knowledge (70.0％) than other applicants (89.2％).The applicants to study on descriptive research and etiological research had less ethical issue knowledge than others.578 applications filled out the approval from ethics committee or research management department.62.6％ of the written were acceptable.Conclusion The applicants for clinical research had preliminary understanding for ethical issues in Beijing in 2007.Hospital ethics committees or research management departments had conducted clinical research ethical review applications for funds management.It has taken place the external conditions to carry out the ethical management in clinical research fund management.

Objective To explore the early diagnosis, option of the surgical procedures, preven-tion and treatment of the complications in patients with pancreatic trauma.Methods All patients with pancreatic trauma during the past 20 years were studied retrospectively in respect of sex, age, cause of injury, grade by AAST, style of operation, therapeutic efficacy, complications and factors for death etc.Statistical analysis was made with Chi-square test.Results In all 148 cases of the present series, 132 underwent surgical interventions including simple suture or external drainage alone, distal pancre-atectomy, distal pancreaticojejunostomy or other internal drainage, diverticularization, Whipple's pro-cedure, and Damage Control Surgery (DCS) etc.Postoperative morbidity was 27.83% with a signifi-cant difference of the incidence of pancreatic fistula between pancreas grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ injuries and grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(P＜0.01).The mortality rate was 11.49%.The cause of the deaths was mainly massive bleed-ing due to severe associated injuries(76.47%).Among various grades, the difference of the mortality was not significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the survival rate, it is important to control massive hemorrhage from associated injuries precedes dealing with pancreas trauma.Selection of surgi-cal procedures should be based on whether the main duct is injured.The removing of devitalized tis-sue, adequate external and internal drainage are essential for treatment of pancreatic injuries.Early recognition of pancreatic injury and correct choice of surgical procedures may obviously decrease the in-cidence of postoperative complications.

Humans ; Noise, Occupational ; Normal Distribution ; Textiles

Objective To apply accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique to extract Achyranthes bidentata and to explore the application of this technique in quality control of Chinese materia medica. Methods Investigation of single factor was used to optimize the conditions that affected the efficiency for ASE from A. bidentata by RP-HPLC using ecdysterone as a quantitative marker. Results The optimized conditions for ASE of A. bidentata were obtained as follows: methanol as solvent, particle size between 0.3 and 0.45 mm, temperature at 100 ℃, pressure under 10.34 MPa, 6 min duration and once extraction. Conclusion ASE technique can be used to extract A. bidentata quickly and effectively.

AIM: To study mitochondrial mass and structural protein changes in dexamethasone (DEX)-mediated mouse thymocyte apoptosis process. METHODS: DEX-induced mouse thymocyte apoptosis model was established. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to identify apoptotic and necrotic cells by flowcytometry, JC-1 staining was adopted to test mitochondrial membrane potential (△?_m), and cellular structural protein changes were studied with CFDA-SE staining. RESULTS: By 1?10~(-6) mol/L DEX stimulation, the apoptotic rate was 51.25%?5.51% and had significantly difference from control group (12.03%?2.00%); the necrotic rate in DEX group was 30.25%?3.67% and also had significantly difference from control group (10.11%?1.11%, P