Background and purpose: MicroRNAs are 19–25-nucleotide noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the level of transcription and translation. The study aimed to confirm whether miR-216a suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PRKCA, thus to reveal molecular mechanism that miR-216a functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma. Methods: PRKCA 3’ untranslated region (UTR)-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-216a on luciferase activity. U251 cells were transfected with miR-216a mimics, and next Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of PRKCA protein. The effects of PRKCA downregulation on cell proliferation and invasion were observed after PRKCA siRNA was transfected into U251 cells. U251 cell proliferation assays were performed when cotransfected with miR-216a mimics. Results:The result demonstrated miR-216a could bind to the 3’UTR of PRKCA and inhibited the luciferase activity by 41%. PRKCA protein expressions were significantly down-regulated when miR-216a was overexpressed in U251. siRNA-mediated downregulation of PRKCA could suppress the potentials of cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusion:miR-216a suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PRKCA in glioma.

It is generally accepted that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the fetus is higher than in the adult, but its structural basis is still not well known. In this paper, an ultrastructural study was performed on the cerebral capillaries of human fetus aged from 5-9 months and some structural parameters were measured. The results were as follows: (1) the endothelial tight junctions were longer and tortuous, and the clefts within the junctions were found and did not show apparent change in all groups; (2) the plasmalemmal vesicles were larger in 5th month than in the 9th month, and the density of vesicles was low (

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70 S6K in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and provide references for early diagnosis and prognosis evalua- tion of OSCC.

METHODSA total of 51 cases of OSCC, 10 cases of paracancerous mucosa, and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were collected. The expressions of Akt/mTOR/p70 S6K in these cases were detected using the SP method of immunohisto- chemistry. The correlation between their expressions in OSCC was also analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive expressions ofp-Akt, p-mTOR, and p70 S6K in OSCC were significantly higher than those in normal oral mucosa and paracancerous mucosa. The expressions of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p70 S6K in OSCC were not correlated with age, gender, and clinical stage; by comparison, these expressions were correlated with lymph node metastasis and pathological grade. Strong positive correlations were also observed between the expressions ofp-Akt, p-mTOR, and p70 S6K in OSCC.

CONCLUSIONAkt/mTOR/p70 S6K signaling molecules exhibit active expressions in OSCC and may be implicated in the occurrence and development of OSCC.

Aged ; Animals ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

BACKGROUND:The type AO-C1 thoracolumbar acute spine injury is a kind of high-energy instable injury, can cause thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation, and mainly associated with spinal nerve injury. Generaly, al needs to posterior open reduction, decompression, bone graft fusion and multiple-segmental internal fixation of pedicle screw rod system, which causes excessive loss of spinal movement segment and a large number of application of internal fixators. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the treatment effect of posterior pedicle screw mono-segmental internal fixation for treatment of the type AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocations. METHODS:From January 2008 to December 2013, 17 cases of type AO-C1 thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation were folowed up. Al patients were treated with one-stage posterior open reduction and pedicle screw-rod fixation. Of them, eight cases received four screws and two rods for single-segment fixation in upper and lower vertebrae adjacent to intervertebral space after dislocation (4-screw 2-rod group). Nine cases received eight screws and two rods for multiple-segment fixation in the upper and lower vertebrae adjacent to intervertebral space after dislocation (8-screw 2-rod group). Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. The Cobb’s angle was measured on lateral X-ray film of two groups preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively and during the final folow-up. The neurological function was evaluated by Frankel classification. The visual analogue scale was adopted to assess the degree of low back pain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Patients were folowed up for 1 to 5 years. Significant differences were detected in the operative time between the two groups, and operative time was better in the 4-screw 2-rod group than in the 8-screw 2-rod group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups. The deformity of fracture-dislocation had been corrected, and the pain of low back had significantly relieved in al patients after fixation. According to Frankel classification, two cases at Grade A were improved to Grade E, but eight cases at Grade A got no improvement after treatment. Two cases at Grade B were also improved to Grade E at the final folow-up. Significant differences in Cobb’s angle and visual analogue scale were detectable at 1 week postoperatively and during final folow-up as compared with preoperatively (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was visible between final folow-up and 1 week postoperatively. No significant difference in Cobb’s angle and visual analogue scale was observed between the 4-screw 2-rod group and 8-screw 2-rod group. Results indicate that there was no significant difference in the clinical efficacy between 4-screw 2-rod single-segment and 8-screw 2-rod multiple-segment fixation for treating type C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocation. Therefore, AO-C1 thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture-dislocation could be treated with 4-screw 2-rod single-segment reduction fixation.

Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Disease Models, Animal

AIM: To establish a simple, rapid and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the determination of cyclosporin A (CsA) in human whole blood, and to study the influence of nicotinylmethylamide (Nic) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporin A (CsA). METHODS: Whole blood CsA concentrations were measured by HPLC in 18 healthy volunteers administrated single CsA or co administrated Nic. The data of time blood concentrations of CsA were analyzed by 3p97 Program. The analysis of variance and two one sided t test were used to compare the main pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA in the two administrations. RESULTS: C max and AUC 0～∞ of CsA had statistically significance between the single CsA group and co administration of Nic group (P0.05). CONCLUSION: This HPLC method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for routine determination of blood CsA levels in human. Nic can improve the absorption of CsA and increase the C max and AUC of CsA, but has no influence on the metabolism of CsA.

Objective To study the effects of emergency operation with 2~5 cm incision to treat fresh closed heel tendon disjunction.Method 23 cases of fresh closed heel tendon disjunction were operated in post-injury 3~12 hours and the incisions were 2~5 cm long. Results None of these cases was complicated with wound infection or cutaneous necrosis.The follow-up was from 6 months to 6 years,averaging 2.2 years;in which,according to the Arner-Lindholm standards,20 were excellent,3 were good.Conclusion A satisfactory effect can be obtained through the smaller incision to treat the fresh closed heel tendon disjunction.

Aim To study the influence of Si-Wu De-coction (SWD ) and its active components on cyto-chrome P450 activity and mRNA expression in rats in order to provide an experimental basis for compatibility of SWD.Methods SWD and its active components were intragastrically administrated for seven days,the doses of SWD was 10 g · kg -1 · d -1 ,the doses of fructose,ferulic acid,ligustrazine,peoniflorin were 0.334,0.002,0.011 and 0.022 g·kg -1 ·d -1 ,re-spectively.After administration for seven days,rats were executed,and liver microsomes were prepared. The effects of SWD and its active components on cyto-chrome P450 in rats were investigated by hybrid probe and liver microsomes incubation method.The level of mRNA expression in liver was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using specific target primers for CYP450 genes.The level of protein expression of CYP2B1 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group,fructose significantly decreased the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6,CYP2C9,CYP2D6;ferulic acid significantly decreased the activity of CYP2C9,CYP2B6;ligus-trazine significantly decreased the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9,CYP2B6;peoniflorin significantly decreased the activity of CYP2D6,CYP2B6;fructose,ferulic acid,peoniflorin inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP2B1;fructose,ferulic acid,ligustrazine and peon-iflorin also inhibit the protein expression of CYP2B1. Conclusion Fructose,ferulic acid,peoniflorin inhib-it the activity of CYP2B1,decrease the expression lev-els of mRNA and protein of CYP2B1.

Objective To evaluate Janus kinase (JAKs) and Suppressors of cytokine signaling(SOCSs) expression in myocardium after endurance training. Methods 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats undertook 10 weeks grade treadmill training program and were sacrificed at 0 and 24 h respectively after the last exercise. JAK1,JAK2,JAK3 and SOCS1 ,SOCS2,SOCS6 expression in the myocardium were determined by im munohistochemistry method. Results The percentage of JAK1 positive cell significantly increased immediately after last running and recovered to the sedentary level 24 hrs after exercise;The percentage of JAK2 positive cell significantly increased immediately after last running and continuously at a higher level 24 hrs after exercise (P<0.01;P<0.05); JAK.3 showed no significant change either immediately or 24 hrs after exercise (P>0.05). The percentage of SOCS1 and SOCS2 positive cell also significantly increased both immediately and 24 hrs after exercise (P<0.01 ;P<0.05). However, the percentage of SOCS6 positive cell showed no significant change either immediately or 24 hrs after exercise(P>0.05). Conclusion Endurance training could induce different responses of JAK1,JAK2 and JAK3. The increased expressions of JAK1 and JAK2 might indicate the changes of JAK/STAT signal pathway in regulating myocardial function. The increased expressions of SOCS1 and SOCS2 after endurance training might indicate the increased exertion in regulating JAK/STAT signal pathway in cardiac muscle.

Objective Previous study showed that interval debulking surgery (IDS) may improve the survival of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).The precise significance of IDS needs to be evaluated.Methods Totally 136 consecutive patients with stage Ⅲ c or Ⅳ EOC (including primary peritoneal carcinoma and primary fallopian tube carcinoma ) who completed primary debulking surgery (PDS) and platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled from January 2000 to December 2009 in a retrospective cohort study.The study group was divided into three groups:65 cases underwent optimal PDS (Group A ),41 cases received chemotherapy alone after suboptimal PDS (Group B ),and 30 patients underwent IDS after suboptimal PDS (Group C).All patients received six to eight courses of platinum-based combination chemotherapy (paclitaxel plus carboplatin/cisplatin,cyclophosphamide plus epirubicin and cisplatin).Patients' clinical characteristics,perioperative situation and prognosis were compared. Results Sixty-five cases (47.8％,65/136) from 136 patients achieved optimal PDS.For Group C,77％ (23/30)patients obtained optimal debulking surgery after IDS.Intraoperative injury rates were similar between Group B and Group C ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Mild perioperative complications rate was also similar ( P ＞0.05 ).Median progression-free survival (PFS) of Group A was 26 months.Median overall survival (OS) of Group B and Group C were 3l months and 40 months,respectively (P =0.254).Median PFS of Group B and Group C were 13 months and 24 months,respectively (P =0.289).Although when it came to 20 months after PDS,patients who underwent IDS had a significantly lower progressive disease (PD) rate (Group B 33％ versus Group C 61％,P =0.046 ),it still showed that there was no significant difference in either OS or PFS of these two groups.Those patients in Group C who obtained no visible residual got similar PFS (27 months) comparing to Group A (26 months,P =0.730),but OS was still shorter (P =0.010).Conclusions For advanced EOC patients,IDS has little effect on improving survival.While it is safe and acceptable,also may prolong PFS in those patients who got no visible residual after IDS.The results suggest that IDS might be used as an alternative treatment for advanced EOC patients who cannot obtain optimal PDS in certain local hospitals.