OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of temozolomide(TMZ)in combination with dexamethasone(DXM)on the proliferation of human gliocytoma U251 cells in vitro.METHODS:Human U251 cells were assigned to 1 of the 3 groups: TMZ(10,25,50,100,200,400?mol?L~(-1),respectively)alone or in combination with 40?mol?L~(-1)DXM(TMZ+DXM group)or control group(none drug).After treatment for 72 hours,the cell morphology,cell inhibition ratio,cell cycle and the apoptotic rate were detected.RESULTS:When TMZ concentration was greater than 100?mol?L~(-1)the cell inhibition ratio was higher in TMZ-treated group than in TMZ+DXM-treated group(P

The event of “diagnosing mental disorder but actually not” violates patients′right of informed con-sent and refused to health , showing some problems of “diagnosing mental disorder but actually not” and mandatory admission process and psychiatric judicial authentication , and also have some ethical problems .Therefore, relevant departments should perfect the laws and regulation , establish a hospitalized psychiatric patients appeal , the appeal channels , at the same time , physicians should follow a correct understanding , respect patients rights , disinterest-ed, the ethical principles of self -supervision and also use constraints should be regulated .

BackgroundWith the number of diabetics increases,people pay more attention to the diabetic keratopathy.The major mechanism leading to diabetic keratopathy is diabetic corneal neuropathy.So it is significant to observe pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Objective To investigate the protective effects of edaravone( a free radical scavenger) on corneal nerve of rats with experimental diabetic corneal neuropathy,then explain the effects of oxidative stress in the pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Methods Seventy Sprague-Daxley male rats were taken as experimental subjects and 20 of them were used as normal control group.The remaining 50 were induced to be diabetic mellitus by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and divided into 2 groups randomly:edaravone treated group and diabetic control group.In the edaravone treated group,edaravone(0.2 g/L) eye drops were used 3 times a day until the animal was killed.Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 6,8,10 and 12 weeks respectively.Then the corneal sensation,number of corneal nerve fibers,morphology,content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the corneal tissue were detected.ResultsIn the diabetic control group,the corneal sensation and the number of corneal nerve fibers were decreased,the density of neural network for cluster was sparse,the nerve activity was decreased,the content of MDA in the corneal tissue was significantly increased,the activity of SOD in the corneal tissue was significantly decreased (P＜0.01 ).Accompany with the course of disease,the above change was obvious day after day.Compared with the diabetic control group,the corneal sensation and the morphological abnormalities in corneal nerve of edaravone group were improved significantly which had the partial branches to the 12th week,the content of MDA in the corneal tissue was significantly decreased,the activity of SOD in the corneal tissue was significantly increased (P＜0.01).Conclusions Edaravone can lower diabetic corneal nerve of rats with experimental diabetic corneal neuropathyinjury,Oxidative stress may be a critical pathologic mechanism of diabetic corneal neuropathy.

There are one third of synthesized proteins must be secreted to the cell surface or to the surrounding environment to acquire their native functional state. Most of them are exported by Sec translocase (secretion pathway). Sec translocase consists of a membrane embedded protein-conducting channel, termed SecYEG and a peripherally associated motor domain, the ATPase SecA. The SecDFyajC heterotrimeric membrane protein complex can facilitates protein translocation. SecB is a molecular chaperone that functions in the protein translocation pathway. SecM (secretion monitor) encoded by the 5' region of the secM-secA mRNA, which elongation arrest is required for upregulated expression of SecA. The signal sequence in the N terminus of the nascent peptide is first recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP). SecB, the Sec-system-specific chaperone, channels the preprotein to the Sec translocation pathway and, ad- ditionally, actively targets the bound precursor to the translocase by its ability to bind SecA. The preprotein-bearing SecA then binds to the membrane, at a high-affinity SecA-binding site, SecYEG, which constitutes a channel for polypeptide movement. Continued translocation requires cycles of ATP hydrolysis bySecA, which is thought to occur in a step-wise fashion with a step of 20~30 amino acid residues.

ObjectiveTo explore the application value and techniques of vaginal hysterectomy of non-prolapsed uterus lesion in primary hospital. Methods140 cases who suffered from uterine fibroid without adhesion,glandular fibroids,functional bleeding without uterine prolapse and malignant disease were selected and divided into observation group(80 cases with vaginal hysterectomy)and control group(60 cases with routine abdominal hysterectomy).Then the clinical treatment effect was analyzed. ResultsCompared with control group,peri-operative bleeding (150 ±23)ml vs(243 ±41)ml,operation time(65 ± 14.0)min vs(90 ± 27.0)min,body temperature recovery time (3 ±0.5)d vs(4 ±0.8)d,anus exhaust time(14 ± 1.8)h vs(26 ±2.7)h,the length of time(5 ±0.8)d vs(11 ±2.9)d in observation group were all reduced,differences were significant(all P＜0.01)and no case was transferred to opening appendectomy. ConclusionFor these disease including uterine fibroids with no adhesion,glandular fibroid uterine bleeding,the vaginal hysterectomy was safe and feasible,and had the advantage of smaller trauma,less bleeding,shorter hospitalization time,faster recovery etc.It was worthy to be popularized in primary hospital.

BACKGROUND: As demonstrated by recent reports, immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly induced and expressed when a songbird is stimulated either by bird-song or by its vocal-behavior. The expression area and level of IEGs in the brain, such as zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where and how the neurons are related as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEGs play important roles in vocal learning and memory.OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between vocal learning of songbird and immediate early gene so as to understand the mechanism of human language and the control of central nervous system.DATA SOURCES: All papers were cited from MEDLINE with the keywords of "songbird, vocal learning, memory, zenk, c-fos and c-jun" in English between January 1990 and December 2001. Meanwhile, we searched the Chinese journals full-text database and Wanfang database with the same keywords in Chinese between January 1990 and November 2001 were also searched.STUDY SELECTION: The papers about immediate early genes and vocal learning and memory in songbirds were selected. Then non-randomly controlled studies were excluded, and the rest full-text papers were looked up.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 17 papers about immediate early genes and vocal learning and memory in songbirds were found. We choose 11 papers in them and 6 was excluded because of summarization.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① zenk and vocal behavior: Expression of zenk in bird's brain can affect learning and memory through adjusting synthesis of special protein. ② Reaction of c-fos to various songs: The reaction of local neurons in bird's brain to the birdsongs are made by the decision of the numbers of song factor in learning songs. ③ Associations of c-jun and cfos: zenk, fos and jun are the necessaries for maintaining long-term memory, which produce a marked effect through signal transduction, reconstruction, synthesis and transduction of induced synapse.CONCLUSION: Immediate early genes (IEGs) are rapidly induced and expressed when a songbird is stimulated either by bird-song or by its vocal-behavior. The expression area and level of IEGs in the brain, such as zenk, c-fos and c-jun, are corresponding to where and how the neurons are related as a songbird is stimulated, suggesting that IEGs play important roles in vocal learning and memory.

AIM: To verify the neuroprotective effect and optimize the therapeutic dose and time window of picroside Ⅱon cerebral ischemic injury in rats .METHODS:The forebrain ischemia model was established by the method of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion ( BCCAO ) .The successful model rats were randomly divided into 16 groups according to orthogonal design and treated by intraperitoneal injection of picroside Ⅱat different ischemic time poinis and different doses .The changes of the nerve fiber myelin were observed by fast green staining .The immunohistochemical assay and Western blotting were used to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). The mRNA level of MBP in the brain tissues was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).RE-SULTS:Picroside Ⅱ increased the expression of MBP and decreased demyelination after cerebral ischemic injury .The best therapeutic time window and dose were:(1) ischemia for 2.0 h with picrosideⅡat dose of 10 mg/kg according to the results of fast green staining;(2) ischemia for 2.0 h with the dose of 10 mg/kg according to the results of immunohisto-chemical assay;(3) ischemia for 2.0 h with the dose of 10 mg/kg according to the analysis of Western blotting;(4) is-chemia for 1.5 h with the dose of 20 mg/kg according to the detection of RT-PCR.CONCLUSION:Given the principle of the lowest therapeutic dose with the longest time window , the optimized therapeutic dose and time window for rat cerebral ischemic injury is intraperitoneal injection of picroside Ⅱat the doses of 10~20 mg/kg and the time window of ischemia for 1.5~2.0 h.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Fuzheng Yiliu Granule on the expression of CD44v6 and nm23-H1 in esophageal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. METHODS: Sixty-three cases of esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into two groups: Fuzheng Yiliu Granule plus radiotherapy treated group (n=30) and radiotherapy treated group (n=33). The carcinoma specimens were obtained through endoscopic biopsy before and after twenty-one days of treatment. The expression of CD44v6 and nm23-H1 was determined in the sixty-three specimens of esophageal carcinoma by immunohistochemical SABC methods. RESULTS: After twenty-one days of treatment, the positive rates of CD44v6 in the Fuzheng Yiliu Granule plus radiotherapy treated group and the radiotherapy treated group were 40.0% and 69.7%, respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The positive rates of nm23-H1 in the Fuzheng Yiliu Granule plus radiotherapy treated group and the radiotherapy treated group were 20.0% and 21.2%, respectively, and the difference was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fuzheng Yiliu Granule can lower the expression of CD44v6 in esophageal carcinoma, and may prevent infiltration and lymph node metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.

Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is mainly produced by the granulose cells of the developing preantral and antral follicles in women and a reliable marker of the reproductive function of women.The mean terminal t1/2 of AMH is calculated as (27.6 ± 0.8) h.Serum concentration of AMH declines by 5.6％ per year and several reproductive and lifestyle factors are associated with age-specific AMH levels.AMH can be applied to predict the precise age of the menopause and is a marker of ovarian reserve in women of 25 year old and older.Iu the field of assisted reproductive technologies,AMH is beneficial in the individualization of stimulation protocols at controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and may be positively associated with clinical pregnancy rates,live-birth rates and twin gestation after assisted reproduction.The researches of AMH may be helpful in the studies of mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).AMH measurement may be included as a diagnostic criterion of PCOS and a useful predictive marker for the efficiency of the treatment of PCOS.AMH has been also shown to inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and can be used as a tumor marker in granulosa cell tumors.By using AMH,ovarian reserve damages caused by different kinds of diseases and treatments,including rheumatoid arthritis,laparoscopic surgeries of endometriomas,chemotherapy of female cancers have been studied.Some researchers have begun to pay attention to the potential relationship between AMH and the function of human brain.In the future,the applications of AMH maybe probably do significant contributions to make ideal and individualized treatment programs in more and more related fields.