Objective By X-ray measurement of metacarpal and phalange bones in the right hand of adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease in Qinghai Province,to provide anatomic data and information for clinic diagnosis of the disease and application of hand surgery.Methods Fifty-four cases of adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease,who came from Guide County and Xinghai County in Hainan Prefecture,Qinghai Province,were selected as investigation subjects,then their right hand X-ray film were taken,metacarpal and phalange bones were measured by electronic digital vernier caliper.All data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0.Results The axis length of the metacarpal bones was in the order of:the 2nd metacarpal ＞ 3rd metacarpal ＞ 4th metacarpal ＞ 5th metacarpal ＞ first metacarpal.The axis length of proximal phalange bones was in the order of:the middle finger proximal ＞ ring finger proximal ＞ index finger proximal ＞ little finger proximal ＞ proximal thumb,while the middle,distal phalanx axis length varied greatly.The length of metacarpal and phalange bones of all male was longer than that of female(all P ＜ 0.01).The width of the metacarpal bones was in the order of:the 2nd metacarpal ＞ 3rd metacarpal ＞ 5th metacarpal ＞ 4th metacarpal.The width of the 2nd-5th metacarpal of male and female was (8.57 ± 0.90),(8.25 ± 0.80),(6.84 ± 0.69),(7.70 ± 0.77)mm and (7.40 ± 0.74),(7.36 ± 0.70),(6.00 ± 0.57),(6.62 ± 0.65)mm,respectively,the differences were significant(t =5.24,4.32,4.85,5.55,all P ＜ 0.01).The matacarpal bone index of female[(8.23 ± 0.90)mm] was significantly larger than that of male[(7.61 ± 0.76)mm,t =2.73,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusion X-ray measurement of hand may provide reference information for diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease and determination of metacarpal and phalange length in hand surgery.

Objective By investigating newly diagnosed Kashin-beck disease,to understand distribution range,epidemic intensity and prevalence trend of Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)in Xinghai County.Method According to monitoring method on national KBD,we carried on epidemical investigation,clinical examination and X-ray photograph on school children aged 7-13 years in 6 villages from 4 towns in Xinghai County,and hair,grain,water and soil were sampled to detect selenium content using naphthalene fluorescence.Resuit Three hundred and seventy.three school children aged 7-13 years underwent the clinical examination,the prevalence rate was 12.06%(45/373);347 school children were went on X-ray,the detection rate of X-ray was 21.61%(75/347).The selenium content was the lowest in Quanqu Village,Ziketan Town,which were(77.70±42.04),(7.44±6.93)μg/kg respectively;the selenium content Was highest in Cainaihai Village,Qushian Town,which were(103.88±58.57),(29.58±24.11)μg/kg respectively;level of in internal and external environment in 4 KBD region were all low.Conclusion These four region are new KBD region.The prevalence state of KBD is serious,pathogenetic factor of Kashin-Beck disease is very active.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDMediastinoscopy has experienced a renaissance due to the introduction of neoadjuvant treatment protocols and recognition of the limitations of noninvasive mediastinal staging of lung cancer by CT and PET. The aim of this study is to determine the value of video-mediastinoscopy in mediastinal staging of lung cancer.

METHODSA total of 60 patients who underwent video-mediastinoscopy for known or suspected lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed. There were 52 cervical mediastinoscopies, 2 parasternal mediastinoscopies and 6 combined procedures. All the patients were found to have enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on radiographic examination of the chest (more than 1.0cm on its shortest axis).

RESULTSOf the 60 patients, 42 patients were found with N2 or N3 disease on video-mediastinoscopy and then were confirmed pathologically. The other 18 mediastinoscopy-negative patients underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection in the same operative session, in which thoracotomy-proven N0 was found in 17 patients, and N2 in 1 patient (false-negative result by video-mediastinoscopy). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of video-mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of lung cancer were 97.7%, 100% and 98.3%, respectively. In the entire group of 60 patients, there was 1 complication (1.7%) , and no perioperative death.

CONCLUSIONSVideo-mediastinoscopy is a highly effective and safe procedure. It can be used routinely in mediastinal staging of lung cancer.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Male

Objective　To explore the method of chemical synth esis of L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide. Methods　 L-alanyl-L -glutamine dipeptide was prepared by condensation and ammoniation reaction of L -glutamine and 2-D-chloropropionyl chloride. The physico-chemical properties of this dipeptide were identified with melting point determination, amino acid analysis, elements analysis and MS and its purity was determined with HPLC. Results　This dipeptide was confirmed good in quality by physico-chem ical determination. Conclusion　Dipeptide synthetized by this me thod is simple, convenient and with good guality.

Objective　This study was To investigate the incidence rate of Cockett syndrome and relationship between Cockett syndrome and varicose veins and deep venous incompetence of the left lower extremities.Methods　73 patients(100 legs) with varicose veins of the lower extremities were investigated by descending deep venography and iliography preoperatively.Results　There were 35(47.9%) cases with abnormalities of the left common iliac vein (ALCIV)in all the cases.There were 31 cases with this conditions in the patients with varicose veins of the left or both lower extremity.While in the patients with varicose veins of the only right lower extremity,there were only 4 cases with ALCIV.In contrast,there was a significant difference between groups(χ2=9.8641,P=0.0017).In the patients with ALCIV,14 cases with Ⅲ or Ⅳ grade of deep venous incomptence were found, and only 6 cases with deep venous incompetence in the patients without ALCIV.There was a significant difference(χ2=5.3688,P=0.0205).Conclusion　Cockett's syndrome frequently occurs in varicose veins of the left lower extremity.There is a relationship between them.Cockett's syndrome might be one of the causes for the deep venous incompetence of the left leg.

Objective To explore the relationship among professional commitment, learning burnout and academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. Methods 506 undergraduate nursing students were investigated with the three Questionnaires of college students: professional commitment questionnaire, learning burnout inventory and academic self-efficacy scale. Results The scores of affective commitment, ideal commitment, normative commitment and continued commitment of the undergraduate nursing students were (28.229 ± 5.327), (20.348 ±4. 507), (19. 405 ± 3. 730), (18. 148 ± 2. 954) and( 86. 130 ± 13. 421), respectively. And the scores of depression, misconduct, low sense of accomplishment, total bumrnut of the undergraduate nursing students were(21.733 ±5.338), (18.459 ±3. 918) , (17.083 ±3. 596)and(57. 275 ±9. 766) , respectively. As well as the scores of learning ability of self-efficacy, learning behavior of self-efficacy and total self-efficacy were(35.765 ±5.835), (35.247 ±4.840)and (71.012 ±9.659), respectively. The affective commitment,ideal commitment and normative commitment of professional commitment were negatively correlated with the dimensions of learning bumout. And the continued commitment was significant correlated with the low sense of accomplishment. Otherwise, the dimensions of professional commitment were positive correlated with the dimensions of academic self-efficacy. However, the dimensions of academic self-efficacy were significant negative correlated with the dimensions of learning burnout (P＜ 0. 01). Conclusions The professional commitment, learning bumout of undergraduate nursing students are closely related with the academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. The higher the levels of professional commitment and academic self-efficacy are, the lower the level of learning bumout is.

Objective To compare electrocoagulation effects of three types of electrodes for varicose veins.Methods Twelve dogs(24 veins in hind limbs)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 dogs in each group:columnar electrode group,circular electrode group,and radial electrode group.Each dog's long saphenous veins were high ligated and electrocoagulated.The activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)was measured and pathological examinations(HE and Weigert)were performed immediately following operation and on the 7th and the 14th postoperative day,respectively.The destruction depth and extent,residual vessels,and skin burn after electrocoagulation were compared among the three groups.Results One case of skin burn on the left hind limb occurred in the columnar electrode group.Immediately following the operation,the number of vessels that were destroyed beyond 50% of perimeter in the radial electrode group was 8,which was significantly higher than that in the columnar electrode group(3 vessels)and the circular electrode group(4 vessels)(Fisher's exact test,P=0.013 and 0.038),and the number of vessels that were destroyed deep to the meddle membrane in the radial electrode group was 1,which was significantly lower than that in the columnar electrode group(7 vessels)and the circular electrode group(6 vessels)(Fisher's exact test,P=0.005 and 0.020).On the 7th day after operation,there was no statistical difference among the 3 groups in the number of vessels with remnant area above 50% of the perimeter(?2=5.371,P=0.068).On the 14th day after operation,the number of vessels with remnant area above 50% of the perimeter in the radial electrode group(1 vessel)was significantly lower than that in the columnar electrode group(7 vessels)and the circular electrode group(6 vessels)(Fisher's exact test,P=0.005 and 0.020).There was no statistical difference among 3 groups in APTT immediately following operation and on the 7th and the 14th postoperative day(P=0.905,0.871,and 0.865).Conclusions Compared with the other two catheters,radial electrode has the largest destroyed area,the smallest remnant area of the vessel,and the lowest risk of skin burn.

Objective To summarize the clinical application of the Tempofilter Ⅱ temporary caval filter.Methods The Tempofilter Ⅱ temporary caval filter was employed in 24 patients from April 2002 to August 2006.Before the implantation,we performed color ultrasonography to detect the extent of thrombus and the situation of inferior vena cava,renal vein,and access vein(right internal jugular vein).Under the guidance of color ultrasonography and X-ray fluoroscopy(free of contrast agent),the temporary filter was placed in the inferior vena cava distal of the renal vein orifice through a guide wire by using the Seldinger technique.Results The filter was successfully implanted and removed in all the 24 patients.The duration of placement was 5 days～6 weeks(mean,16.8 days).Filter thrombosis occurred in 4 patients at 3 days ～ 2 weeks after operation.The thrombi(