Objective To study the influencing factors of digital image white balance of the biological microscope and the way to obtain optimized image.Methods Color temperature meter was used to measure the influences of the factors and their correlations, and SASS software was employed for statistical analysis.Results Object lens might increase the color temperature by 200 to 300 K, LBD color filter could enhance it by 400 to 1 800 K. Reducing field stop by 90% might decrease color temperature by 400 K. ND6 filter, ND25 filter and aperture diaphragm had no influences on color temperature.Conclusion The electric and optical parameters of biological microscope have to be adjusted to gain proper white balance for digital image.

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection of patients with spinal cord injury.MethodsRetrospective surveys of nosocomial infection including risk factors, pathogen analysis and drug sensitivity tests were carried out for 88 cases with spinal cord injury in our hospital from 1996 to 2002.ResultsIt showed that the rate of nosocomial infection was 90.91% with 46.59% of urinary tract infection and 32.95% of respiratory tract infection. Nosocomial infection was closely related with such factors as the disease of spinal cord, the use of antibiotics, invasive operation, age and disturbance of disease.ConclusionReducing risk factors and using antibiotics reasonably are effective measures to reduce nosocomial infection of patients with spinal cord injury.

To obtain the genome sequence of human bocavirus 2 (HBoV2), different regions of HBoV2 genome were amplified through PCR in fecal specimens which had been identified as single-positive for HBoV2 in 2010. A genome sequence of HBoV2 (HBoV2-NC, 5444 bp) was obtained after sequence assembly. The phylogenetic analysis showed that HBoV2-NC had the closest evolutionary relationship with HBoV2 Lanzhou strain. The predication of inverted terminal repeats of HBoV2-NC by DINAMelt showed that inverted terminal repeats were contained in HBoV2-NC 5' terminal, which had the typical stem-loop structure in other parvoviruses. Finally, some flanking sequences of HBoV2-NC were amplified by linker-PCR.
Base Sequence ; Gene Amplification ; Genome, Viral ; Human bocavirus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Parvoviridae Infections ; virology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences

Objective:To establish a GC method for the determination of phenol and L-menthol in glycerin Zhiyang lotions. Meth-ods:A Zebron ZB-WAX(0. 32 mm × 30. 0 m,0. 50 μm) capillary column was used with an FID detector. The column temperature was 60℃, maintained for 1 min, and then raised to 160℃ at the rate of 8℃·min-1 , and maintained 10 minutes. The inlet tempera-ture was 180℃, the detector temperature was 300℃, and the carrier gas was nitrogen. Results:The linear range of phenol and L-men-thol was 0. 5-10. 0 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) and 0. 25-5. 0 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9), respectively. The average recovery of phenol and L-menthol was 99. 01%(RSD=0. 90%,n=9)and 99. 70%(RSD=0. 98%,n=9), respectively. Conclusion: The method is sim-ple, accurate and reliable, and can be used to determine the concentration of phenol and L-menthol in glycerin Zhiyang lotions.

Aim To investigate the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharides (GalN/LPS)-induced acute apoptotic liver injury and its mechanism.Methods All mice were randomly divided into four groups.Mice in GalN/LPS group were co-injected with GalN (600 mg·kg~(-1),ip) and LPS (20 μg·kg~(-1), ip). Mice in PDTC+GalN/LPS group were injected with two doses of PDTC,one (100 mg·kg~(-1), ip) at 24 h before LPS and the other at 2 h before LPS (20 μg·kg~(-1), ip).Mice in control groups were treated with PDTC (100 mg·kg~(-1), ip) or saline. Ten mice in each group were observed for animal survival within 72 h after LPS treatment. Six mice in each group were sacrificed 1.5 h after LPS for collecting blood and isolating livers. The expression of hepatic TNF-α mRNA was determined by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hepatic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) binding activity was measured with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).Twelve mice in each group were sacrificed 8 h after LPS treatment. Serum was collected for measurement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatocellular apoptosis and histological examination.Results Co-injection of GalN and LPS markedly increased serum ALT activity. Histopathological examination of liver sections revealed that GalN/LPS induced hepatic congestion, necrosis and massive macrophages infiltration, and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in mouse liver.GalN/LPS treatments, led to 90% mortality within 72 h with severe congestion and necrosis in the liver of all the dead mice. PDTC pretreatment significantly inhibited GalN/LPS-induced hepatic NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression. In contrast, PDTC aggravated GalN/LPS-triggered hepatocellular apoptosis, increased serum ALT activity, exacerbated hepatic hemorrhage and necrosis, and accelerated death.Conclusion PDTC aggravates GalN/LPS-induced acute apoptotic liver injury via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated anti-apoptotic effects.

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a novel virus that mainly causes respiratory tract infection, and it has the characteristic of genome of Parvovirus, containing three open reading frames that encode non-structural proteins NS1 and NP1 and structural proteins VP1 and VP2. Circular episome is present during the rolling circle replication of HBoV1, which provides the possibility of full genome amplification and infectious clone construction to save HBoV1. The recombination between HBoV1 and HBoV2-4 occurs frequently. With the three-dimensional culture, in vitro culture of HBoV1 provides a powerful tool for research on the pathogenesis of HBoV1. This review focuses on the molecular characteristics, association with diseases, in vitro culture, diagnosis and treatment of HBoV1.
Diarrhea ; virology ; Genomics ; Human bocavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Humans ; Meningitis ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; virology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate middle and long-term results of total hip arthroplasties (THA) for the treatment of secondary hip traumatic osteoarthritis and femoral head necrosis after acetabular fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2000 to December 2005, 33 patients with secondary hip traumatic osteoarthritis and (or) femoral head necrosis after acetabular fractures were treated with THA. There were 21 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 27 to 69 years old, with an average of 52 years old. Twenty-three patients were performed with open reduction and internal fixation: 5 patients were treated with anterior approach; 12 patients, posterior approach; 6 patients, combined approaches; other 10 patients, conservative treatment in the early stage. All THA were performed with posterior-lateral approach. Bone union was achieved in the all acetabular fractures. Removal of all implants was necessary in 5 patients, and partial removal in 3 patients. Cemented cup was implanted in 6 patients and uncommented cup in 27 patients. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed, and Harris hip scores before surgery and 10 years after operation were compared. The prosthetic loosening, osteolysis or revision were used to evaluate 10 years survival rate of prosthesis.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 10 to 15 years, with a mean of 12 years. One patient died at the 10th year after operation. The Harris score at the 10th year was higher than the preoperative one. One and two patients were performed with revision total hip arthroplasty caused by aseptic loosening alone and aseptic loosening combined with osteolysis respectively. Osteolysis occurred in 1 patient; deep venous thrombosis in 4 patients; dislocation of prosthesis in 2 patients. One patient had infection of incision and one patient had infection around the prosthesis. Ten years survival rate of implant was 84.8% (28/133).

CONCLUSIONTHA is an effective method to treat secondary hip traumatic osteoarthritis and (or) femoral head necrosis after acetabular fractures in improving hip joint functions with high implant survival rate and good middle and long-term results.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Hip Injuries ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery

Objective To investigate the relationship between maintaining concentration and loss of consciousness (LOC) concentration of propofol target controlled infusion (TCI) in patients undergoing heart valve replacement.Methods Thirty patients undergoing elective heart valve replacement were enrolled to receive propofol by ladder plasma TCI for anesthesia induction,8 males and 22 females.The initial plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set to 1.0 μg/ml,0.3 μg/ml Cp was increased every 1 min until LOC when the prediction effect-cite concentration (Ce) reached 0.5 μg/ml,then sufentanil 0.8-1.0 μg/kg and rocuronium 0.6-0.9 mg/kg were given for intubation.When BIS reached 50,Cp was decreased to the level of Ce.All the surgeries were performed under hypothermia CPB.MAP,HR,CVP,CO,SV,SVR,BIS,propofol Cp and Ce values were recorded at baseline (T0),LOC (T1),BIS reached 50 (T2),and other time points during operation (T3-T9).The correlation analysis between propofol Ce at LOC and perioperative variables were completed.Results In correlation analysis,there was a significant positive correlation between propofol Ce at LOC and baseline CO,SV (P<0.01),there was a significant negative correlation between propofol Ce at LOC and age (P<0.05),there was a significant positive correlation between propofol Ce at LOC and propofol Ce at T2-T9(P<0.01).Conclusion In patients undergoing valvular replacement,the Ce of propofol at maintenance are related to the concentration of propofol at LOC,which is helpful for adjusting the Ce of propofol at maintenance according to the Ce of propofol at LOC.

Objective To study the MR imaging characteristics of benign cerebellar astrocytomas(BCAs) in children. Methods The clinical and MR imaging data of twelve patients with BCAs were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 12 tumors, 7 cases were located in the cerebellar hemisphere, 4 in the vermis, and 1 in the IV ventricle. All children were in company with hydrocephalus rated as extensive (n=9) or moderate (n=3). The tumors ranged in diameter from 23 mm to 68 mm, mean diameter 42 mm. Solid tumors were found in 5 children, and cystic areas occurred in 7 of 12 patients.BCAs were hypointense on T 1-weighted in 10 cases, and hyperintense on T 2WI in 9 cases compared with that of normal brain parenchyma. After contrast injection, BCAs marked (n=2), moderate (n=5), or absent (n=5) enhancement. Hemorrhage and calcification were not common (n=1,0, respectively).Conclusion BCAs has relative characteristic features on MRI in children, and MRI plays an important role in diagnosing and evaluating these tumors preoperatively.

Aim To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of kaemperol in the rats with chronic cere-bral ischemia.Methods Chronic cerebral hypoperfu-sion model was produced by permanent occlusion of bi-lateral common carotid arteries (2VO)in rats.After KAE treatment,the rats underwent Morris water maze and prehensile traction test.Neuronal morphology was observed using Nissl and HE staining.The activity of SOD and the content of MDA in brain tissue were de-termined.The DJ-1 protein expression was assayed by Western blot.Results Compared with 2VO model group,KAE significantly improved learning and memo-ry and the grasping ability.In addition,KAE signifi-cantly reduced brain tissue pathological injury induced by 2VO. Furthermore, KAE significantly increased SOD activity and enhanced antioxidant protein DJ-1 ex-pression in brain tissue.Conclusions KAE could sig-nificantly attenuate the cognitive impairment,limb bal-ance dysfunction and pathological injury in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.The mechanism may be re-lated to improving the antioxidant system in vivo.