0.05).CONCLUSION:It is feasible to reduce the dose of hormone in weekly docetaxel chemotherapy

Objective To survey the status quo on response time of Emergency Medical Service System (EMSS)in Beijing and analyze the influence,factors in order to explore the existent problems upon EMSS of Beijing for 2008 Beijing Olympic game Methods The quantitative and aualitative mehods were used.The data derived from the record of Beijing Emergency Medical Center on the second half of 2005 was described and analyzed.Results At present,the median of response times in Beijing 120 Emss is 16.5 min,with 14.3 min for Quartile range.The cumulate proportion was 2.28% for less than 5 min,whereas 19.20% for over 30 min. there were statistically significant differences in term of the areas and stations respectively.Conclusion The response time of Beijing EMSS is too long,and it is not to be compared to the developed eoumtries itn terms of swift reponse,we should explore and amalyze the influence factors from various angles and make effort to resolve it.

Objective To investigate the traffic capacity of ambulances in Beijing,and to explore factors and methods to resolve this problem.Method A survey on all the ambulances on-duty in Beijing from 17th August to 17th September 2006 was conducted by questionnaires.Results The average speed of ambulances in Beijing was 32.07 km/h.There were statistically significant differences in terms of the areas and time, respectively.Conclusions The traffic jam of Beijing was serious.The traffic capacity of ambulances was far from being ideal,which restricted the operation of 120 ambulances.It is difficult to satisfy the needs of Beijing 2008 Olympic games and it is time for the relevant authorities to search for appropriate methods and solve this problem.

Objective To examine mycological profile of eryptococcal meningitis in patients with non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) during treatment and follow-up so that to support clinical therapy. Methods Data of 28 cuhure-confirmed cryptoeoccal meningitis patients with non-AIDS were retrospectively analyzed. Fungat smear, count, culture and latex agglutination test of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were done during treatment and follow-up. Initial treatment included intravenous amphotericin B plus oral flucytosine or f;uconazole for at least 6 weeks, and consolidation treatment included oral fluconazole and (or) itraeonazole for at least 2 months. All 28 patients were cured. The data were analyzed by rank-sum test. Results The positive rate of CSF fungal smear was 92.9% before treatment and gradually decreased, and the fungal count was significantly reduced over time after treatment. While fungal smears of some patients were still positive after initial treatment. Fungal growth time in culture was gradually extended, and fungal culture turned to be negative in all patients after 2 weeks of treatment. The positive rate of latex agglutination test of CSF was 100%. Cryptococcal antigen titer decreased steadily after treatment, which was not correlated with the decrease of fungal count. Conclusion Mycological tests of patients with eryptococcal meningitis should be interpreted comprehensively during treatment, and result of each test should be specifically analyzed.

Objective To compare the yield of endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspira-tion (EUS-FNA) with 3 different sample processing methods. Methods The clinical data of 118 patients, who underwent EUS-FNA performed by one physician from February 2005 to September 2008, were retrospectively analyzed. The FNA sample processing methods included liquid-based cytology, on-site cytology and smear method. The pathological diagnosis was classified as definite, suspicious malignancy, dissatisfying sampling and indefinite. Results The success rate of obtaining samples through on-site cytological procedure was 95.2% (40/42), which was significantly higher than that of conventional smear (32/47, 68%, P <0. 05), and was higher than that of liquid-based cytological method (26/29, 89. 7% ), but without significant differ-ence (P>0.05). The yield of definite diagnosis with liquid-based cytology and on-site cytology were 82.8% (24/29) and 78. 6% (33/42), respectively, which were both significantly higher than that of smear method (57. 4%, 27/47, P <0. 05). The sensitivity and accuracy of on-site cytology were higher than those of smear method and liquid-based cytology, but without significant differences (P >0. 05). Conclusion Compared with conventional smear method, an-site cytology and liquid-based cytology yield more results from EUS-FNA.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Superfine Cordyceps militarisv Powder on the immune functions of the mice,and to provide basis for improving the utilizable ratio of Cordyceps militaris.Methods:A total of 40 mice were randomly divided into negative control group,low dose (0.166 5 g·kg-1),middle dose (0.333 3 g·kg-1),and high dose (0.999 9 g·kg-1) of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups,and there were 10 mice in each group.The mice in different doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were administered with the Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder for 30 d by intragastric infusion respectively,whereas,the mice in negative control group were administered with the same volume of water for 30 d by intragastric infusion.The body weights,the spleen indexes and thymus indexes of the mice in various groups were measured;the lymphocyte transformation abilities of the mice in various groups were observed by lymphocyte transformation experiment;the levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction of the mice were examined with toe incrassation;the number of antibody forming cells,phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of chicken erythrocytes phagocytized by peritoneal macrophages of the mice were detected.Results:Compared with negative control group,the body weights,the spleen indexes a nd thymus indexes of the mice in different doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups had no significant differences (P>0.05).The lymphocyte transformation abilities of the mice in middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militarisPowder groups were higher than that in negative control group(P<0.05).The levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction of the mice in middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were higher than those in low dose of Superfine Cordyceps militaris powder group and negative control group(P<0.05).The numbers of antibody forming cells of the mice in low,middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were higher than that in negative control group(P<0.05).The phagocytic rates and phagocytic indexes of chicken erythrocytes phagocytized by peritoneal macrophage of the mice in low,middle and high doses of Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder groups were higher than that in negative control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Superfine Cordyceps militaris Powder can strengthen the immune functions of the mice,and the recommended doses are 0.333 3 and 0.999 9 g·kg-1.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influences of temperature, lightness, storage method, storage time, and gibberellin on seed germination of Gentiana rigescens.

METHODThe germination rates of G. rigescens in different treatments were observed.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe most suitable temperature for the seed germination was 25 degrees C, at which the germination rate was 76.33%. The effect of lightness on the seeds was significantly; the germination rate of the seed was very low. Under the natural condition, the best storage method was dry storage (within 6 months), which could promote the after-ripening of the seed. 100-1 000 mg x L(-1) gibberellic acid could significantly reduce the seed germination time, and 500 mg x L(-1) gibberellic acid increased the germination rate of the seed to 95.00%.

Gentiana ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Germination ; drug effects ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Seeds ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Sunlight ; Temperature

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) colonizing Panax notoginseng in three main producing areas in Wenshan Prefecture of Yunan province were investigated. The fungal colonization of 144 roots samples including healthy and rot roots of P. notoginseng with different age were observed by means of acid fuchsin stain. The results showed that P. notoginseng was the typical arbuscular mycorrhizal plant. Although there was no significant difference in AMF and DSE colonization among three sites, the total colonization of AMF was significantly higher than that of DSE. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the fresh weight of P. notoginseng root was positively significantly correlated with the colonization of AMF, but not with the colonization of DSE. These results suggest that AMF may play more important role than DSE in improving the yield and quality of P. notoginseng. Furthermore, AMF colonization of healthy P. notoginseng was higher than that of plant with root rot, which suggested that AMF could defend P. notoginseng against root rot pathogens. AMF have great potentiality and broad prospect to control root rot of P. notoginseng.
Endophytes ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Fungi ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Mycorrhizae ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; Panax notoginseng ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; microbiology

Using whole-cell patch clamp technique this study investigated the effects of adenosine (Ado) on action potential, L-type calcium current (I(Ca.L)), delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), and transient inward current (I(ti)) induced by isoproterenol (Iso) in guinea pig isolated single ventricular myocytes. The results showed: (1) Ado alone had no significant direct effects on action potential and I(Ca.L) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes at 20-100 micromol/L. However, Ado significantly attenuated the prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and the increase of the peak amplitude of I(Ca.L) induced by Iso. Iso (10 nmol/L) markedly increased APD(50) and APD(90) from 340+/-21 ms to 486+/-28 ms and from 361+/-17 ms to 501+/-29 ms, respectively (P<0.01), and increased the amplitude of I(Ca.L) from 6.53+/-1.4 pA/pF to 18.28+/-2.4 pA/pF (P<0.01). The peak potential of current-potential relationship shifted to the left. Ado (50 micromol/L) abbreviated APD(50), APD(90) to 403+/-19 ms and 419+/-26 ms (P<0.01), and decreased the peak amplitude of I(Ca.L) to 10.2+/-1.5 pA/pF (P<0.01 vs Iso), but did not change resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (APA), and overshoot (OS). (2) Iso (30 nmol/L) reproducibly elicited DADs with 100% incidence of DADs under this condition. Ado (50 micromol/L) completely inhibited Iso from inducing DADs. Iso (30 nmol/L) elicited I(ti) with 2-second depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses rising to +20 mV from a holding potential of -40 mV, the incidence of I(ti) being 100%, and the I(ti) was suppressed in the presence of Ado (50 micromol/L) with the incidence of I(ti) decreased to 14.3% (P<0.05). These data indicate that Ado antagonizes the stimulatory effect of Iso, and that the antiarrhythmic mechanism of Ado preventing Iso-induced DADs is due to the inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) overload through attenuating the prolongation of APD, the enhance of I(Ca.L) and I(ti).
Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Adenosine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; pharmacology ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; physiopathology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; drug effects ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Ventricles ; cytology ; Isoproterenol ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques

This review presents the state of the art of pH-responsive polymeric micelles for cancer drug delivery. Solid tumors have a weakly acidic extracellular pH (pH < 7), and cancer cells have even more acidic pH in endosomes and lysosomes (pH 4-6). The pH-gradients in tumor can be explored for tumor targeting and drug release in cancer drug delivery by applying pH-responsive polymeric micelles. The pH-responsive polymeric micelles consist of a corona and a core, and are made of amphiphilic copolymers, in which there are pH-responsive polymeric blocks. Two types of pH-responsive polymers-protonizable polymers and acid-labile polymers have been mainly used to make pH-responsive micelles for drug delivery. The protonizable polymers are polybases or polyacids, and their water-soluble/insoluble or charge states undergo changes with the protonation or deprotonation stimulated by external acidity, while the acid-labile polymers change their physical properties by chemical reaction stimulated by the acidity. Polymeric micelles whose core or coronas respond to the tumor extracellular acidity can be explored for triggering the fast release of the carried drug, activating the targeting group and accelerating the endocytosis of drug-loaded polymeric micelles, and those whose core or coronas respond to the tumor lysosomal acidity can be used for facilitating their escape from the lysosomes and targeting the nucleus. Various in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that pH-responsive polymeric micelles are effective for cellular targeting, internalization, fast drug release and nuclear localization, and hence enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the side effect of cancer chemical therapy.
Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Micelles ; Nanoparticles ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Polymers ; chemistry