Objective To investigate the effect of a tissue engineered trachea for replacement fabricated using three dimensional scaffold and chondrocytes by in vitro and in vivo culturing. Methods Rib chondrocytes were isolated and expanded to two passages, then seeded in PLGA or Dacron scaffold at density of 5 × 107/ml. Cultured in vitro for two weeks, the chondrocytes-scaffold model was planted under dorsal skin between nude mice's spine. Histology of cartilage, neovascularization and organizational structure were observed with HE staining, PAS staining and electron microscopic scan were performed after 4,6,8 weeks in vivo. Results Organized structure were observed in both PLGA-chondrocyte model and dacron-chondrocyte model with cartilage formation, neovascularization and tight fibrous connective tissue between scaffold and skin after in vitro and in vivo culture. Conclusion Tissue engineered trachea fabricated using rib chondrocytes and PLGA or dacron scaffold with in vitro and in vivo culture meets the requirement of trachea replacement.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients undergoing total knee replacement due to severe gouty arthritis is increasing rapidly in recent years, and the ages of patients also present younger and younger. However, its clinical efficacy remains controversial, and it is lack of retrospective systematic analysis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy of total knee replacement for severe gouty knee arthritis from several aspects, such as pain, function, quality of life and complications. METHODS: From January 2006 to January 2015, 17 patients (20 knees) with severe knee gouty arthritis received total knee replacement in Department of Orthopedics of Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region of Chinese PLA. They underwent knee joint surface replacement with posterior cruciate ligament, and patel a was not replaced. Posterior stabilized prosthesis was used. Al patients were successful y fol owed up postoperatively. The Hospital for SpecialSurgery Knee Score, range of motion of the knee, Visual Analogue Scale score and SF-36 scale scores were determined before and after replacement and during final fol ow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients were fol owed up for 1-9 years. No serious complications occurred during and after replacement. The Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score, range of motion of the knee, Visual Analogue Scale score and SF-36 scale scores were significantly higher after replacement and during final fol ow-up than those before replacement (P < 0.001). X-ray films showed good prosthesis position, satisfactory limb alignment without radiolucent lines or loosing. These findings verified that total knee replacement was considered as the final way to treat the severe gouty knee arthritis; its short-term clinical effect is significant, but systematic anti-uric acid, prevention and treatment of complications, pain control, function exercising, and healthy mood maintenance were needed to get a better long-term clinical efficacy.

Objective To explore initially the roles of the 3 major signaling pathways of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in cerebral ischemia preconditioning. Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group; sham-operated group and ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance group (n=6). SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK, JNK and p38 in somatosensory cortex of rat. Results The phosphorylation level of ERK1 and JNK46KD in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemia preconditioning. Conclusion The increased ERK1 and JNK46KD phosphorylation in somatosensory cortex may be involved in the development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning and can not be ruled out in which the role of p38.

Objective To explore initially the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group; sham group; ischemic preconditioning or ischemia tolerance group; bee venom group; peripheral noxious tolerance group. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the ERK1/2 phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rats. Results The phosphorylation level of ERK1 in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemic preconditioning, while no significant changes in ERK2 and that of ERK1/2 in hippocampus. No significant changes in ERK1/2 protein expression were found both in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus after ischemic preconditioning. Conclusion The increased ERK1 phosphorylation level in somatosensory cortex may be involved in cerebral ischemic preconditioning.

Objective To explore initially the role of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK) in cerebral ischemia preconditioning.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, sham-operated group, ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance group, bee venom group, peripheral noxious tolerance group. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the JNK phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. Results The phosphorylation level of JNK46KD but not JNK54KD in somatosensory cortex increased significantly (P<0.05) after ischemia preconditioning, while no significant changes had been observed in that of JNK46KD and JNK54KD in hippocampus. In addition, the protein expression level of JNK46KD but not JNK54KD fell on control level in somatosensory cortex after ischemic preconditioning, while no significant changes in JNK46KD and JNK54KD protein expression were found in hippocampus. Conclusion The increased JNK46KD phosphorylation and fallen JNK46KD protein expression in somatosensory cortex may be involved in the development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning.

Objective To explore initially the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinases(p38 MAPK) in cerebral ischemic preconditioning.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group,sham-operated group,ischemia preconditioning or ischemia tolerance group,peripheral noxious control group,peripheral noxious tolerance group.SDS-PAGE,Western blot and Gel Doc imagine systems were applied to determine the p38 MAPK phosphorylation and protein expression in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of rat.Results No significant changes of p38 MAPK in phosphorylation level and protein expression were found both in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus after ischemia preconditioning(P>0.05,n=6).Conclusion The development of cerebral ischemia preconditioning of rat might be not involved the phosphorylation and protein expression of p38 MAPK.

Objective To explore the difference of the impact with different hydrosalpinx pretreatment methods in vitro fertiliza-tion-embryo transfer ﹝ IVF-ET ﹞.Methods 160 patients with routine IVF-ET’s hydrosalpinx were random divided into two groups :the first 80 patients undergoing routine bolt blocking the fallopian tubes for the study group;the other 80 patients with rou-tine salpingectomy as control group patients,after treatment,compare the difference on ovarian function between the two groups.Re-sults In the study group,although these difference,the average number of oocytes,fertilization rate,clinical pregnancy rate and other indicators,were not statistically significant (P>0.05),they were higher than the control group;early abortion rate was no significant difference either (P>0.05),but the tubal pregnancy rate was lower than the control group,and the difference was statis-tically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Tubal bolt blocking technique is an effective method for hydrosalpinx pretreatment,and partly superior than gynecological surgery for keeping ovarian function and IVF-ET treatment targets.So,it has a broad application prospects in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effectiveness and adverse effects following low doses versus traditional doses of amphotericin B liposome (L-AmB) in the treatment of patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections (IPFI) after renal transplantation.MethodsA total of 26 postrenal transplantation patients with IPFI between Jan. 2005 and Mar. 2011in Zhujiang hospital received L-AmB treatment identified low doses group (0.2-0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1,n =19) or traditional doses group (1-5 mg· kg-1,d-1,n =7) were reviewed.ResultsThe treatment duration in low doses group and traditional doses group was 20.3 +12.7 and19.3 ±13.2 days respectively (P＞0.05).The effective rate in low doses group and traditional doses group was 84.2％ and 57.1％ respectively (P＞0.05).The overall dosage was significantly less in the low doses group (414.7 ± 241.7 mg) than in the traditional doses group (1158.8 ± 928.0 mg) (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse effect was significantly lower in the low doses group than in the traditional doses group (21.1％ vs.85.7％,P＜0.05).ConclusionThe effectiveness of low doses of L-AmB protocol in the treatment of IPFI postrenal transplantation patients was similar to that of traditional doses of L-AmB protocol,but the incidence of adverse effects in low doses of L-AmB protocol was significantly lower.

Inflammation is a defensive reaction and the most common pathological manifestation of dry eye.In addition,excessive inflammatory response is considered to be the most common pathogenic factor and main cause of dry eye.Currently,the active mechanism of anti-inflammatory drugs has been well-known,and topical antiinflammatory therapy for dry eye is exerting a role at certain extend.However,some adverse responses of these drugs are emerging during the treating procedure.Therefore,it is emphasized that a large sample size of and multicenter randomized-controlled clinical trial is needed to identify the different effects of various anti-inflammatory drugs for different types of dry eye diseases,which will offer a basis for standardized anti-inflammatory treatment for dry eye.

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT).Methods The English version of OKAT was introduced and the Chinese version was confirmed by translation,revision,retroversion and expert discussion.A sample of 400 community-living aged people were recruited to complete the OKAT (Chinese version).Internal consistency test,split-half reliability,correlation analysis,items analysis,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis and ROC curve were used for examination.Results The Cronbach's α of the total scale was 0.821.The split half reliability coefficient was 0.934,test-retest reliability was 0.866,inter rater reliability coefficient was 0.786,the correlations between items and total scale ranged from 0.163 to 0.542.A two-factor model containing 20 items was got by exploratory factor analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of the items was 75.528 percent.The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit.Conclusions The Chinese version of the OKAT in the elderly is proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used to assess osteoporosis for the aged people in China.