Naive and chronically infected C57BL/6 mice were challenged percutaneously over the ear pinna with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. After 15 hours, the number of EOS increased significantly in the skin of chronically infected mice. Inflammatory cells aggre-gated in the vicinity of schisto.somula or entrapped intact and disintegrated schistosomula, forming granulocytic micro-abscesses in both groups. Ultrastructure studies revealed that flattened EOS tightly attached to the schistosomulum surface and degranulated. Local tegument damage occurred in the area of attacbment. NEU adherence did not seem to be as intimate as EOS, and degranulation was not seen. The tegument of the attached schis-tosoniulum remained normal. The result suggested that EOS appeared to be the efficient killer cell against skin phase schistosomula of S. japonicum (Figs. 1-6).

Objective In order to study the structure-activity relationship of oridonin,Some derivatives of oridonin were synthesized and their cytotoxicity activity was evaluated.Methods Oridonin (Ⅰ) was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography.The derivatives were synthesized from oridonin through oxidation and acylation.All compounds were confirmed by spectrum analyses and their cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT method.Results Six compounds were obtained and identified as: 14-acetyl-oridonin(Ⅱ),1,14-diacetyl-oridonin(Ⅲ),14-p-tolylsulfonyl-oridonin(Ⅳ),1-oxo-oridonin(Ⅴ),14-acetyl-1-oxo-oridonin(Ⅵ),14-p-tolylsulfonyl-1-oxo-oridonin(Ⅶ).Among them compounds Ⅳ,Ⅵ,and Ⅶ were new compounds.Five compounds showed better cytotoxicity than oridonin.Conclusion The cytotoxicity of 1oxo oridonin derivatives is first evaluated and shows the stronger cytotoxicity than oridonin.

Objective To analyze the effect and safety of budesonide combined with psychological intervention on the treatment of the children with bronchitis. Methods 60 children with capillary bronchiolitis in Enze hospital from June 2014 to May 2016 were randomLy divided into the control group and the experimental group, 30 cases in each group. The control group were received conventional treatment, such as, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, bronchodilator and oxygen inhalation. At this basis, the experimental group were given budesonide aerosol inhalation combined with psychological intervention. The clinical therapeutic effect in the two groups were compared. Results The cough stopping time, hospitalization time and the time of lung wheezing rale in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the adverse reactions in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The children with capillary bronchiolitis patients were given budesonide inhalation combined with psychological intervention on the basis of routine therapy, which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms, improve the curative effect, low incidence of adverse reactions, shorten the treatment time, which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Fumaderm in Freund' complete adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Spraque-Dawley rats. Methods Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was established by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of Freund' complete adjuvant (CFA) in the palmar surface of the right hindpaw and Fumaderm was delivered by oral gavage for 28 days. After CFA injection, the edema of the hindpaw was determined every two days. On 28 days after CFA injection, the lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood and the cytokines were determined by flow cytometry, meanwhile the histopathological examination of ankle-joints of the animals was performed. Results Fumaderm had a significant therapeutic effect on AIA. The hindpaw swelling was reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The ratio of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was improved obviously. Multiparameter cytokine analysis from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells showed a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Fumaderm treated animals. A strongly reduced inflammatory response in the joint synovium was observed. Conclusion Fumaderm has potential anti-inflammatory effects on AIA rats. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in the clinical effect observed in the AIA model.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Nose Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Pancreatitis ; complications ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Ulcer

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the combined effect of octreotide and Dachaihu decoction on the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).METHODS:Wistar rats (n=50) were randomly divided into sham group, SAP group, octreotide group, Dachaihu decoction group and combination group.The quantity of ascites was measured.The levels of amylase, alanine aminotransferase and creatinine in the serum were examined.The morphological changes of the pancreatic tissues were observed by HE staining.The activation of NF-κB and IκBαexpression were determined by Western blot.The mRNA expression with ICAM-1 and IL-1 was detected by qPCR.RESULTS: Combined treatment with octreotide and Dachaihu decoction effectively reduced the quantity of ascites and the levels of amylase, alanine aminotransferase and creat-inine in the serum in SAP rats.Moreover, combined treatment significantly inhibited SAP-induced activation of NF-κB and decrease in IκBαprotein expression, accompanied by a decrease in ICAM-1 and IL-1 mRNA expression.CONCLU-SION:Combination of octreotide with Dachaihu decoction effectively attenuates SAP by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway and ICAM-1 and IL-1 expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous apelin-13 on oxidative stress, myocardial inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in diabetic model rats.Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group (NC, n=8) and experimental group (EX, n=32).Diabetes was induced by feeding with high-sugary and high-fat diet for 8 weeks and a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg).The wellestablished 28 diabetic model rats were then randomly divided into 2 subgroups: model group (DM, n =14) and apelin-13 administration group (AP, n =14).The rats in AP group were given intraperitoneal administration of apelin-13 at a single dose of 0.1 μtmol · kg-1 · d-1 for 10 weeks, while NC group and DM group were given 0.9％ NaCl in the same way.All rats were sacrificed at the end of the week 10.Blood hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured by colorimetry, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry.Masson staining was used to observe the myocardial fibrosis in rats of different groups.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined by TUNEL.Results (1) Compared with NC groups, DM group showed that MDA, H2O2 and NO were significantly increased, while SOD was significantly decreased (F=22.400, 6.230, 4.267 and 8.901, all P＜0.0167).There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of MDA, H2O2,SOD between DM group and AP group.(2) The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was significantly higher inDMgroup than inNCgroup (0.0599±0.0208 vs.0.0076±0.0031, F=35.139;0.0503±0.0243 vs.0.0071± 0.0024, F=15.946, both P＜0.0167).After 10 weeks of apelin-13 administration, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in AP group than in DM group.(3) The myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were significantly increased in DM group than in NCgroup [0.0293±0.0061 vs.0.0030-t-0.0013 and 0.0708±0.0420 vs.0.0013±0.0003, F=84.930 and 19.420, both P＜0.0167].The myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were significantly decreased in AP group than in DM group (both P＜0.0167).Conclusions To some extent, apelin13 reduces the levels of oxidative stress and myocardial inflammation reaction in type 2 diabetes.Moreover, it may play a vital role in the improvement of myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis.

Aim To investigate the effect of irbesartan and spironolactone on expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),P-p38MAPK proteins during vascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats(RHR).Methods Renovascular hypertension was induced by two kidney one clip(2K1C)operation.8 weeks later,RHRs were given irbesartan or(and)spironolactone for 8 weeks.After 8 weekstreatment,the morphometric measurements were performed in the mesenteric arterioles.Concertration of carboxyterminal propeptide of typeⅠprocollagen(PⅠCP)and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen(PⅢNP)in blood serum was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method,and the media collagen area was assessed by collagne-specific Picro-sirius red staining with computerized video processing.Expressions of collagen type I,CTGF,P-p38MAPK proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry respectively.Results The arterial systolic pressure was attenuated significantly after the treatment of irbesartan,and this effect could not be enhanced by spironolactone.The media thickness over lumen ratio,media cross-sectional area over luminal area ratio of mesenteric arterioles,concertration of PⅠCP and PⅢNP,media collagen area,and expression of collagen typeⅠwere significantly increased in RHRs but ameliorated by irbesartan and spironolactone.Meanwhile,the expressions of CTGF,P-p38MAPK proteins were up-regulated in RHRs but blunted significantly after the treatment of irbesartan and spironolactone.The combined treatment had the synergic effects.Conclusions There is a synergistic effect of attenuating extracellular matrix(ECM)producing and amelioration of vascular remodeling(VR)by combined use of irbesartan and spironolactone.It maybe related to the expressions of CTGF and P-p38MAPK proteins down regulated by these two drugs.

Temporal and spatial expressions of ?-catenin investigated in the hair follicle and epidermis of the hoof periphery in bovine embryonic development. IHC (immunohistochemical method) was applied to qualitatively detect the temporal and spatial expressions of ?-catenin. ?-catenin was detected in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, placode, hair bud in early phase(E68～93),and expressed strongly in epidermal basal layer, placode, and hair bud, in suprabasal expressed less strongly; in metaphase(E94～184), ?-catenin was detected in epidermis, hair peg, and in suprabasal, epidermal basal layer, hair follicle bulge, inner root sheath, outer root sheath, follicular infundibulum expressed less strongly; in late phase(E184～225), ?-catenin expressed weakly in epidermal basal layers, while expressed strongly in epidermal keratinocytes. The result suggested that ?-catenin plays an important role in hair follicle morphogenesis in the periphery of bovine hoof in bovine embryos.

OBJECTIVE To learn about the factors affecting the quality of the air in operating-rooms and discuss the methods of improving their air quality.METHODS The dynamic and static air bacteriology between laminar air flow operating-room and normal operating-room of a fertiary care level hospital of grade Ⅰ in Changchun were observed.RESULTS The passing rate of samples for air static bacteriology between two types of operating rooms at the begining of selective operations(T0) was without difference.At the begining of emergency operations,there was a disparity.The total number of bacteria in normal operating-room increased with the operating-time,but in the laminar flow operating-room,the total number of bacteria increased in fluctuations during the(T2) time(60 ming since operation begain),and descended dramatically during the(T3) time(90 min since operation).CONCLUSIONS The emergency and operation-time are the main factors affecting the air quality in operating-room and the cleaning air-condition could improve the air quality.