ObjectiveTo describe self efficacy,pregnancy pressure and serum cortisol levels during late pregnancy period in primiparas and explore the mediating effects and regulating effects of self efficacy between pregnancy pressure and serum cortisol levels. MethodsBy convenient sampling,General Selfefficacy Scale and Pregnancy Pressure Scale were conducted to estimate the self-efficacy and pregnancy pressure in primiparas.Maternal venous blood was collected to measure cortisol levels. ResultsThe selfefficacy was positively related to pregnancy pressure and cortisol levels.Self-efficacy has acted partial mediating effects and regulating effects between pregnancy pressure and cortisol levels in primiparas,the mediating effect to the total effect was about 32.6％. ConclusionsSelf-efficacy has acted partial mediating effects and regulating effects between pregnancy pressure and cortisol levels in primiparas.

Objective To study the toxic effect of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on keratocytes.Methods Three-dimensional gels of type I collagen containing rabbit keratocytes were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of exotoxin A(0.1,1.0,10 mg?L-1),cultivated for 24 h at 37℃,the change of keratocytes in morphology was observed under the light microscope,and the amount of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The LDH contents in different concentrations(0.1,1.0,10 mg?L-1)of exotoxin A groups were higher than that in the group without exotoxin A(P

AIM:To determine whether caudatin , a C21 steroidal aglycone , enhances tumor necrosis factor-re-lated apoptosis-inducing ligand ( TRAIL)-associated HepG2 cell apoptosis .METHODS:Cell growth inhibition was deter-mined by MTT assay and cell colony formation assay .The TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to analyze cell apopto-sis, and the protein expression was examined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Combination of caudatin with TRAIL signi-ficantly reduced cell proliferation and increased the apoptotic rate of HepG 2 cells compared with the use of each agent alone.This was evidenced by marked increases in caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9 and PARP cleavages in the cells treated with caudatin and TRAIL-compared with control group .Combination of caudatin with TRAIL also led to the strong suppres-sion of survivin .CONCLUSION:Caudatin synergizes HepG 2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by promoting the cleava-ges of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9 and PARP and inhibiting the expression of survivin .

BACKGROUND:Many liver cancer stem cel markers have been found in liver cancer tissues and cel lines such as CD133, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), CD90, CD44, EpcAM, CD13, OV6, K19, c-kit and ABCG2. Of them, CD133, CD90 and CD44 have been shown to be strongly associated with the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer. OBJECTIVE:To explore the dynamic changes of liver cancer stem cel markers and inflammatory factors during the induction of liver cancer in rats and their correlation. METHODS:Diethyl nitrosamine solution was given to Sprague-Dawley rats for 24 hours to induce rat models of liver cancer. Rats that were given common water were considered as the healthy control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Kupffer cels-related ED2 expression showed a gradual increase in the model group. Compared with the healthy control group, ED2 expression was significantly higher at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after induction in the model group (P < 0.05). Quantitative PCR demonstrated that CD90 showed a gradualy increased trend during induction (P < 0.05). Compared with healthy tissue, CD90 increased significantly in the liver cancer tissue (P < 0.05). CD133 showed an increased trend, but one-way analysis of variance did not show significant differences (P > 0.05). During induction, no significant change was found in other liver cancer stem cel markers (P> 0.05). During the induction, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, MCP-1 and interleukin-6 expression levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with healthy tissue, transforming growth factor β, MCP-1 and interleukin-6 expression levels were significantly higher in the liver cancer tissue (P < 0.05). Other inflammatory factors did not exhibit significant alterations during the induction (P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that MCP-1, transforming growth factor βand interleukin-6 expression levels were significantly positively correlated with CD90 expression (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that partial inflammatory factors released from Kupffer cels have a certain correlation with liver cancer stem cels. Kupffer cels can promote the occurrence of liver cancer.

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness between puncture drainage and surgery in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess.Methods Clinical date of 81 patients with pyogenic liver abscess were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into the ultrasound-guided puncture drainage group (48 patients) and open surgical drainage group (33 patients).The demographic data,laboratory examination,efficient rate,complication rate,mortality,time for body temperature returned to normal and hospital stays were compared between the two groups.Results Klebsiella pneumoniae was positive in 45.45％ cases by blood culture,and in 62.50％ cases by pus culture.There was no statistically significant difference in the effective rate and mortality (x2 =0.91,2.05,P ＞ 0.05).For patients with puncture drainage hospital stay was (14 ± 5) days,significantly shorter than (17 ± 5) days in surgery group (t =-3.20,P ＜ 0.05).Time to normal temperature was (5.1 ± 1.6) days in puncture drainage group,which was shorter than (6.0 ± 1.1) days in open surgery group (t =-2.85,P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative complications were fewer in the puncture drainage group (6 cases) than open surgery group (10 cases) (x2=3.91,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ultrasound-guided puncture drainage for liver abscess is safe,feasible,effective of low complication rate for the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess.

Objective To research the distribution and the characteristics of the plasmid mediated quinolone resistant genes in Shewanella algae. Methods The qnr, qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were amplified by PCR, then the positive PCR products were sequenced to determine the gene type. The transferability of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance was ensured by conjugation experiment. MICs were measured by E-test. qnrA gene was mapped to plasmids to locate it. Results The qnrA gene were detected in the Shewanella algae, this is a newfound subgroup qnrA7, the GenBank accession no. was GQ463707, qnrB, qnrS,qnrC, qnrD, qepA and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were not detected. qnrA7 reside in a plasmid about 33 kb, conjugation experiment was unsuccessful. The strain was susceptible to quinolones. Conclusion It deserves paying close attention to the report of an original qnrA subgroup in an isolate of water-borne species of Shewanella algae.

Objective To study the changes of posterior corneal elevation with one-year follow-up by using Allegro Oculyzer anterior segment diagnostic system in patients who had undergone laser in situ keratomileusis with femtosecond laser (FS-LASIK) for myopia. Methods Ninety eyes of forty-five patients who had undergone FS-LASIK for myopia were included in our study . The spherical equivalent of ametropia was-10.63D to -1.63D. The preoperative and postoperative corneal tomography (including 1, 3, 6 and 12 month after operation ) were collected by Allegro Oculyzer in the posterior corneal elevation and the thickness at central corneal thinnest point of each eye were measured , and the differences of the posterior corneal elevation were calculated. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the changes of posterior corneal elevation from the preoperative time to the any postoperative follow-up time (F = 1.50, P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes of the posterior corneal elevation from the 1st month to 12th month postoperatively (F = 1.47, P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the changes of thickness at central corneal thinnest point from the preoperative to the 12th month postoperative (F = 369.10, P <0.01). At postoperative time, the posterior corneal elevation was not correlated with several factors including spherical equivalent , ablation depth , residual bed thickness, ablation percentage per total corneal thickness and (corneal flap thickness + ablation depth) /thinnest point preoperative corneal thickness (P > 0.05). Conclusion After strictly followed surgical indications in FS-LASIK, the posterior corneal elevation can keep good stability and has no significant change. Thickness of central cornea thinnest point increases gradually and tends to stablity at the 3th months after surgery.

Objective To investigate the accuracy and utility of preoperative CTA in the anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) transplantation.MethodsPreoperative CTA was performed in 15 consecutive patients,who underwent the ALTPF transplantation. The suitable perforators were found through measuring and estimating the perforator parameters including size,course and origin location by reviewing preoperative angiogram.These parameters were compared with the actual intraoperative findings.ResultsOne patient was transferred to abdominal flap transplantation,because no perforator could be found by both CTA and intraoperative observation.In 14 patients,the sizes and origin locations ( perpendicular and horizontal length from the origin of the perforator to both patella and lateral of thigh) of all selected perforators on CTA were no significantly different from the operative findings( P ＞ 0.05 ),and the types were consistent with the operative findings.The rate of septocutaneous perforator was 28.6％ (4/14),and the rate of musculocutaneous perforator was 71.4％ (10/14).The utilization rate of perforator flap was 93.3％ ( 14/15),and the accuracy of preoperative CTA was 100％.All of these ALTP flaps survived,and there was no donor site morbidity. Conclusions Preoperative mapping using CTA provides fairly accurate information about the size,type (course) and location of the perforators.Preoperative CTA in the ALTPF transplantation is an accurate and useful method and leads to safer and successful operation with optimal outcome.

Objective To study the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in mountainous regions and the dynamic charaeteristics of the distribution.Methods An environment calledLanbaoclosed to Puge County.Sichuan Provinee WaS selected as the study field.Random sampling was designed to determine the investigation sites.The snails were collected and the hying snaila were identified by the method of dissection in the laboratory.The distribution of snails was analyzed by some statistical indices,such as mean,variance and so on.Then the negative binomial distribution.log-normal distribution and exponential distribution were fitted to the snail data by the method of maximum likelihood estimation to explore the snail distribution in different time.Results The negative binomial distribution was fitted well to the snail data in April,May,July,August,September,November in 2008,and no distribution was fined to the snail data in June,October.December in 2008 and February in 2009.Conclusions The distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in mountainous regions is not simple negative binomial distribution,but pwbably a dynamic process and an uncertain distribution.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that combination of two of chitosan (CS), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) can improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the composite stent in certain extent as wel as improve osteogenic differentiation of the cels, but there is a certain distance from the ideal bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
OBJECTIVE:To study biocompatibility and osteoinductive activity of nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds with different proportions in vitro.
METHODS: nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds were prepared at mass ratio of 10:10:80, 10:20:70, 20:10:70 respectively by particle leaching method. And human bone marrow stem cels (hBMSCs) were co-cultured with these scaffolds in vitro. Adhesion, proliferation, and osteoinductive activity of these scaffolds were examined qualitatively and quantitatively by growth curve of hBMSCs on scaffolds. Gene expression of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin was detected by RT-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: hBMSCs could be attached, proliferated, and osteoinduced better on the nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold with the mass ratio of 20:10:70, compared to the other two groups of scaffolds. The differences were significant statisticaly (P< 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expressions were respectively higher in the scaffold with the mass ratio of 20:10:70 after 9-27 days of co-culture and 15-27 days of co-culture, in comparison with the other two groups of scaffolds. These findings indicate that the nHA/CS/PLGA scaffolds with the mass ratio of 20:10:70 demonstrated preferable biocompatibility and osteogenic inductivity, which is expected to be a promising scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.