Objective:To evaluate the effects of pigment concentration on spectral reflectance of pigmented silicone elastomer.Methods: Six kinds of pigment at different concentrations was respectively added into MDX-4-4210 silicone elastomer to prepare six series of single-chroma-samples, including red, yellow, blue, brown, white and black.The pigment concentrations to base elastomer were set at 0.1, 0.2 , 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6,0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0C, respectively while other conditions were kept the same. C is the maximum pigment concentration in practical use. The target samples were also prepared. By spectrophotometer, the spectral data of the single-chroma-samples and target samples were measured.Results:With the increase of pigment concentration, the spectral reflectance of the six series of single-chroma-samples and target samples decreased.Conclusion:Increase of pigment concentration may result in decrease of spectral reflectance of single-chroma-samples and taget samples.

Objective To examine the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from Department of Neurology.Methods A retrospective review was conducted for the 269 strains of A.baumannii isolated during the period from January 2009 to March 2014.VITEK 2 Compact system was used for bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.The data were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software and compared by Chi-square test.Results The prevalence of A.baumannii was higher in Department of Neurology than in Department of Neurosurgery or Neurology ICU. Majority (97.4%)of the A.baumannii strains were isolated from sputum.About 54.3% of the A.baumannii isolates were resistant to imipenem.Relatively lower percentage of the A.baumannii isolates were resistant to amikacin (20.7%),but as high as 54.3% and 55.0% of the strains were resistant to imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam.More imipenem-non-resistant A.baumannii strains (89.4%)were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than imipenem-resistant A.baumannii (72.6%)(P < 0.05). However,to the other antimicrobial agents tested,imipenem-resistant A.baumannii strains showed significantly higher resistance rate than imipenem-non-resistant A.baumannii strains (P< 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of A.baumannii and imipenem-resistant A.baumannii is high in Department of Neurology.Further monitoring of antibiotic resistance and rational use of antimicrobial agents are helpful to effectively control the epidemic of multidrug-resistant A.baumannii.

Objective:Marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiates into neuron-like cells when induced by Gastrodia,which verifies the multipotentiality of the stem cells.Here to detect the immunogenic properties of the neuron-like cells after differentiation.Methods:Human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow by wall sticking method,amplified by in vitro culture,and differentiated into neuron-like cells by oriented induction with Gastrodia.The morphology of cells was observed under light microscopy.Neuron-specific enolase (NSE),nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected by imnunocytochemistry.The expression of HLA-DR protein after induction was tested by flow cytometry(FCM).The immunogenic properties of the neuron-like cells induced from hMSCs were detected by one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR).Results:Human mesenchymal stem cells could be separated and amplified in vitro.After being induced by Gastrodia for 3 hours,most of the cells would be differentiated into neuron-like cells,revealing cytodendrite.By immunochemical staining,the cells showed positive of NSE,nestin,and negative of GFAP.HLA-DR was not detectable on differentiated hMSCs by FCM.MLR assays demonstrate that differentiated hMSCs fail to stimulate proliferative response of hPBLs.Conclusion:Human mesenchymal stem cells could be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells by Gastrodia.MLR assays demonstrate that differentiated hMSCs fail to stimulate proliferative response of hPBLs.They are low immunogenic.

Objective To report the surgical approach for the treatment of giant or extensive skin lesions due to the infection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Method Surgical treatment was performed for 10 patients with verruca vulgris, 20 with condyloma acuminatum, and 8 with epidermodyplasia verruciformis, whose giant or extensive lesions were poorly responsive to routine non-surgical therapy. Results Recurrence of lesions was found in 2 of 10 patients with verruca vulgris and 5 of 20 condyloma acuminatum in 6 months after operation, with a total recurrent rate of 25%. The extensive skin lesions were removed and the functions of affected limbs were recovered in patients with epidermodyplasia verruciformis after operation, however, the long-term topical retinoids was needed to control the recurrence of the lesions. Conclusion Surgical approach is effective for the treatment of the giant or extensive skin lesions due to HPV infection.

Objective To evaluate the effects of acitretin combined with clarithromycin on tumor growth in human oral epidermoid carcinoma xenografts in nude mice,and to investigate their antitumor mechanisms.Methods A cell line of human oral epidermoid carcinoma was subcutaneously inoculated into 31 Balb/c nude mice to establish a xenograft model of human skin tumor.Then,the nude mice were randomly classified into 6 groups according to a double blind protocol:control group (n =6) remaining untreated,placebo group (n =5) treated with wheat flour,acitretin group (n =5) treated with acitretin 7.2 mg/kg per day,clarithromycin group (n =5) treated with clarithromycin 100 mg/kg per day,acitretin + placebo group (n =5) treated with both acitretin (7.2 mg/kg per day) and wheat flour,and acitretin + clarithromycin group (n =5) treated with acitretin (7.2 mg/kg per day) and clarithromycin 100 mg/kg per day.All the drugs were intragastrically administrated once daily.After three weeks of treatment,mice were sacrificed and xenografts were removed.Then,the size and weight of xenografts were measured,and pathological analysis was conducted.Real time-PCR was performed to quantify the mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB,and immunohistochemistry was carried out to observe the expression of VEGF as well as to determine microvessel density (MVD) and Ki-67 proliferation index.By using the software SPSS 19.0,analysis of variance was performed for comparison of measurement data,and least significant difference (LSD) test for paired comparisons.Results Both the size and weight of xenografts in the acitretin + clarithromycin group were significantly lower than those in the other groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Real-time fluorescence-based PCR revealed weaker mRNA expressions of VEGF and NF-κB in the acitretin + clarithromycin group compared with the control group,clarithromycin group and acitretin group (all P ＜ 0.05).As immunohistochemistry showed,the acitretin + clarithromycin group displayed a decrease in the expression rate (all P ＜ 0.01) and staining intensity of VEGF,MVD (all P ＜ 0.01) with a sparse distribution of microvessels,Ki-67 proliferation index (all P ＜ 0.05) and proliferative activity of tumor cells compared with the control group,clarithromycin group and acitretin group.Conclusion Acitretin combined with clarithromycin can synergistically inhibit the growth of human oral epidermoid carcinoma xenografts in nude mice,downregulate VEGF expression,and suppress angiogenesis and tumor proliferation.

Objective To observe the treatment outcome of different surgical strategies in nevus-like benign melanocytic tumors with various size and shape in the head and face. Methods A total of 180 cases with nevus-like benign melanocytic tumors received surgical treatment from February 2005 to February 2008.The following surgical strategies were selected, including direct excision, partial excision, skin grafting, skin soft tissue expanding and application of local flaps (inter-flap, diamond-shaped flap, A-T flap, kite flap, etc),to treat skin lesions in the head, nose, cheek and eyelid. All patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months. Results The incisions for direct and partial excision were well healed without infection or recurrence. Of those cases treated with local flaps or expander, 3 (1 on the face and 2 on the head) experienced recurrence, 2 on the head suffered from post-operational infection. Conclusion To select different surgical strategies according to lesion size, sites and shape may lead to a favorable cosmetic result in the treatment of nevus-like benign melanocytic tumors in the head and face.

Visual perceptual learning refers to the special improvement of perceptual performance benefit from repetitive training with a visual task.A typical time course of visual perceptual learning presents an initial rapid improvement,and then gradually processes like an asymptote in gain.During the process of perceptual learning,the influence of critical amount and perceptual learning rules on learning effect,memory consolidation and interference,and the role of sleep on preventing interference and promoting consolidation in perceptual learning,all get involved.This article reviewed the aforesaid content and then elaborated some strategies in application of visual perceptual learning in the treatment of amblyopia.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations.Methods NPM1 and FLT3 mutations were detected in 67 patients with newly diagnosed AML by PCR-capillary electrophoresis.The relationship was analyzed between the mutations and efficacy.Results The incidence of NPM1 mutation was 10.4％ (7/67) in total AML patients and 26.1％ (6/23) in normal karyotypes AML patients.The incidence of FLT3-ITD mutation was 10.4％ (7/67) in total AML patients and 17.4％ (4/23) in normal karyotypes AML patients.The characteristics of 60 NPM1 wild type patients vs that of 7 NPMl mutation patients was as follow,platelet count (BPC) (54× 109/L vs.27.5 × 109/L,P ＜ 0.01),proportion of AML-M5 (57.1％ vs.27.3％,P ＜ 0.01),incidence of CD34+ (28.6％ vs.63.3％,P＜0.01),normal karyotypes (85.7％ vs.28.3％,P＜0.01),cases with particular fusion gene (0 vs.48.3％,P ＜ 0.01),incidence of FLt3-1TD-mutations positive (28.6％ vs.8.3％,P ＜ 0.01),and the differences were significant (P＜0.01).No statistic difference was found in white blood cell(WBC) counts,percentage of blasts in bone marrow,sex,median age and complete remission rate between the two groups (P ＞0.05).The WBC counts (26.9 × 109/L vs.8.1 × 109/L,P =0.013),percentage of blastsin in bone marrow (90％ vs.76％,P=0.014) in the FLT3-ITD mutationg positive patients were clearly higher than those in the FLT3-ITD negative patients.If not associated with FLT3-ITD mutations,mutant NPM1 appears to identify patients with improved response toward treatment.Conclusion It is necessary to detect NPM1 mutation and FLT3-ITD mutation in newly diagnosed AML patients,especially in patients with normal karyotype,which might help to molecular classification and treatment.

Objective To explore a new method which could detect the misplacement of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).Methods The action of coughing was applied to 252 patients and observing the changes in dripping speed.Results The accuracy rate of this new method was 100.00％ (252/252).The success rate of first PICC in these patients was also 100.00％ (252/252).Conclusions It suggests that the new method Should be effective and convenient in the assessment of PICC misplacement and it can be applied to detect the misplacement occurred in and after the process of PICC.

Objective To summerize the clinical experience of 23 cases of carotid cavernous fistula(CCF) and discuss the treatment strategy. Methods Retrospectively analyzed 23 patients(11 males and 12 females) of CCF,including 14 patients with Barrow type A,1 with type B,1 with type C and 7 with type D. Results Vascular approach for embolization was undertaken in 20 cases by transarterial access and 2 via venous route while 1 case was given up. Among them,9 cases obtained complete occlusion by simple balloon embolization and 5 were treated by direct occlusion of internal carotid artery. Another 5 cases used NBCA glue for the occlusion,1 case was embolized by gelatin-sponge particulates combined with compression of carotid artery,2 cases were treated by coil embolization of cavernous sinus and 1 case was only managed by carotid compression maneuver. We achieved satisfactory clinical results with 21 patients cured and 2 patients improved. Conclusion Complexity and refractory are the characteristic of CCF,and endovascular treatment should be the major choice of treatment. (J Intervent Radiol,2006,15: 323-326)