Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Human bocavirus ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Parvoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Objective To determinate whether the first post-operative day serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is more effective than serum calcium in predicting hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.Methods According to PTH level on the first post-operative day,104 patients after total thyroidectomy were divided into different groups.Patient's serum calcium was measured,the number of patients who developed hypocalcemia and the time for calcium supplement were recored.Results Serum PTH was more accurate in predicting hypocalcemia than serum calcium.There were 26 patients whose PTH value was ＜ 5 pg/ml,among whom 7 patients had transient hypocalcemia and symptoms,while 5 of them developed hypocalcemia for long time and needed long-term calcium supplement.The positive predictive value of group PTH value ＜ 5 pg/ml was 28％,and the accurate rate was 46％,higher than other groups.Besides,the positive predictive value and the accurate rate of PTH value ＜ 5 pg/ml was higher than serum calcium.Conclusion Serum PTH is more effective in determining hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy than serum calcium,and PTH value ＜ 5 pg/ml on the first post-operative day is a reliable marker in predicting hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.

Background Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell transplantation is a novel approach to the treatment of hereditary retinal diseases, however, human-derived RPE cell line occurs de-differentiation during in vitro cell culture.Studies showed that early abnormal activation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway is the primary cause of RPE cell line de-differentiation, therefore, the inhibition of mTOR pathway will be helpful for the retard of de-differentiation of RPE cells.Objective This study aimed to investigate whether rapamycin can suppress the activation of mTOR pathway and promote differentiation of ARPE19 cells.Methods ARPE-19 cells were incubated in 12-well plate and divided into control group and rapamycin-treated group.DMSO or rapamycin with the final concentration of 400 nmol/L was added in the medium of the control group and the rapamycin-treated group, respectively.The cells of each group were collected 24 hours and 48 hours after cultured.The expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the cells was examined by immunofluorescence.The relative expression levels of RPE cell specific genes and proteins were assayed by using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.The detected results were compared between the two groups.Results ZO-1 was expressed in both group,but the fluorescence intensity was evidently enhanced in the rapamycin-treated group.The relative expression levels of RPE65, MERKT and LRAT mRNA in the cells increased by 25.97％ , 29.71％ and 13.00％ in the rapamycin treated group compared with the control group 24 hours after cultured (P=0.04,0.04,0.04) , and the expression levels of RPE65, LRAT, rLBP1, BEST1 , keratin18 and MERKT mRNA elevated by 174.00％ , 88.00％ , 56.18％ ,193.81％ ,10.83％ and 35.02％ in the rapamycin-treated group in comparison with the control group 48 hours after cultured (P =0.00,0.04,0.01,0.04,0.04,0.03).In addition, the expressions of p-mTOR, p-P70S6 and p-S6 protein were weaker in the rapamyein-treated group than those in the control group both 24 hours and 48 hours after cultured.Twenty four hours after cultured,the expression level of ZO-1 protein raised by 40％ in the rapamycin-treated group compared with the control group (P =0.01);while 48 hours after cultured,the expression levels of ZO-1 ,MERKT, catenin and LRAT proteins elevated by 36.00％ ,57.37％, 13.68％ and 41.07％ in the rapamycintreated group in comparison with the control group (P=0.01,0.00,0.04,0.04).Conclusions Rapamycin can suppress the activation of mTOR signaling pathway and up-regulate the expressions of RPE specific genes in ARPE19 cells.Inhibition of mTOR pathway might be an effective way for culturing RPE cells in vitro.

Objective To understand the current status of infections of intestinal parasites of population in Taixing City,Ji-angsu Province. Methods The infection rates and densities of human intestinal parasites were investigated according to the methods of the National Investigation Scheme on Human Principal Parasites,and the data of society,economy and disease con-trol were collected and analyzed. Results Among 2 556 people investigated in five villages,16 persons were found with intesti-nal parasites, with an infection rate of 0.63%. The infection rate was higher in residents with a low education level than in others and it was higher in the age group over 50 years than in the group under 50 years. The infection density was mild and the most was the single parasite infection. Conclusions The current status of intestinal parasite infections of population in Taixing City has reached the county-level control standard of Jiangsu Province. Therefore,the preventive strategy and measures should be ad-justed and the monitoring work should be strengthened.

Objective:To evaluate the potential mutagenicity of Echinacea Herb P.E via salmonella typhimurium Ames test. Methods:To test the Echinacea Herb P.E diffusion through Ames test. In the plate incorporation test of Salmonella Typhimurium,the average number of spontaneous revertants of TA97,TA98,TAl00,and TA102 at four concentrations was calculated after incubation at 37 ℃ for 48 hours. Results:Whether added S 9 or not,the number of induced revertants when compared to that of spontaneous revertants did not increase statistically significant. The result of Ames test was negative. Conclusion:Echinacea Herb P.E will not cause the increase of the back mutation in murine typhoid salmonella which shows that Echinacea Herb P.E will not cause gene mutation.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype on antiviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection in Henan province.Methods A total of 129 patients were coinfected with HIV and HCV, among whom, 70 were HCV 1b genotype and 57 HCV 2a genotype.And 131 patients were HIV single infection.Immunological failure rate, virological suppression, CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and liver and renal function after antiretroviral therapy (ART) were compared among the three groups.Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes and polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to detect HIV RNA.The liver and renal function were tested by automatic biochemical analysis.Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test, analysis of variance and LSD-t method.ResultsImmunological failure rate in HCV 1b group, HCV 2a group and HIV single infection group were 7.14% (5/70), 15.79% (9/57) and 9.92% (13/131), respectively.There was no significant statistical difference among the three groups (χ2=2.59, P>0.05).The CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in three groups were (614±258), (529±245), and (518±243) cells/μL, respectively.The difference was statistically significant (F=3.17, P<0.05).The virus inhibition rates of three groups were 87.0% (HCV 1b), 78.2% (HCV 2a), and 82.3% (HIV single infection).The HIV virus failure rates were 8.6% (HCV 1b), 14.5% (HCV 2a), and 13.1% (HIV single infection).There was no significant difference among three groups (χ2=1.967, P>0.05).The levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin in HCV 1b group and HCV 2a group were all significantly higher than those in HIV single infection group (F=27.38, 15.22 and 7.33, respectively, all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between HCV 1b and HCV 2a groups (t=1.27, 0.29 and 1.59, respectively, all P>0.05).Conclusions The main HCV genotypes in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection by blood transmission are HCV 1b and HCV 2a in Henan province.HIV/HCV coinfection does not affect the effect of ART, but could aggravate the liver damage in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.

Objective To evaluate the safety,middle or short -term effect and indication of the endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke patients with extracranial carotid stenosis.Methods The clinical datas with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for extracranial carotid artery stenosis cases were retrospectively reviewed,from which 106 cases with ischemic stroke in the past were selected for study.And theinformation including operation opportunity,operation experience,serious complications such as cerebral hemorrhage and secondary ischemic stroke were summarized.Their clinical features,methods of treatment and prognosis were analyzed specially.Results The placement of 106 cases with 120 stents was satisfaction.Cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 3 cases while thrombosis fol-lowing stent placement in 2 cases,hypotension and bradycardia in 6 cases,vasospasm in 11 cases,gastrointestinal stress bleeding in 1 case,restenosis occurred in 8 cases and no cerebral infarction occurred after operation.Apart from one case of death cerebral hemorrhage,8 cases of restenosis,the,middle or short -term results of the remaining 97 patients were satisfactory.83 cases were followed up for 3 months to 5years,there were no ischemic attack and cerebral infarction occurred.Conclusion The satisfactory effect and safety are achieved in the therapy of carotid stenosis by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting.Angioplasty and stenting may improve the cerebral hemodynamics of patients with severe /moderate internal carotid artery stenosis.It is suitable for previous ischemic stroke patients.We must be individualized to more carefully assess these patientsˊsurgical risk,strictly adhere to the indications of surgery,and general measures is the key of preventing the complications during the perioperative period.

Objective To explore the effect of shifting the little finger abductor muscle and cutting open the metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal articular capsule to improve the appearance and function of reconstructed thumb.Methods From August 2007 to May 2012,twelve cases of Ⅳ°or Ⅴ°defect of thumb were repaired by free transplantation of the second toes with metatarsophalangeal joint.During operation,using the abductor muscle of little finger to reconstruct palmar opposition function,cutting open the joint capsule of metatarsophalangeal joint,adjusting the tension of the joint by the little finger abductor muscle and toe short extensor muscles,which were used to improve the appearance and function of reconstructed thumb.Results Twelve reconstructed thumbs all survived.Followed up from 6 to 24 months,the appearance and function were improved obviously.According to the evaluation trial standards,nine cases were optimal and 3 cases were good.Conclusion The shift of the little finger abductor muscle could reconstruct palmar opposition function,combined with metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal articular capsule incision and adjusting joint tension,could improve the appearance and function of reconstructed thumb.The effect of operation was satisfied.

BACKGROUND:To construct tissue engineering cartilage would open up a novel way for the repair of cartilage damage in avoidance of the disadvantages of traditional therapeutic method.OBJECTIVE: To probe the techniques for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, as well as the in vitro differentiation into chondrocytic phenotype in a specific culture fluid.DESIGN:A complete randomized experimentSETTING:The Department of Traumatic Orthopedics and Hand Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and Teaching and Research Faculty of Histology and Embryology of Guangxi Medical University.METHODS: The experiment was carried out at Guangxi Medical University between August 2002 and April 2003. Twenty SD neonatal weaning rats were selected. Bone marrow was aspirated from the bones of rat limbs and was isolated by gradient centrifugation in Percoll, and MSCs could be obtained in combination with adherent screening method, which were then cultured in DMEM-LG with 15% fatal bovine serum (FBS) in the incubator of 37℃ with 5% CO2 for 10-14 days. The passage cells were induced in DMEM-HG with 15% FBS (containing TGF-β1 10 μg/L, 10-7 mol/L dexamethasone, 50 mg/L VitC).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :The morphology, growth, as well as proliferation and specific expression of chondrogenic matrix of in vitro cultured MSCs due to specific induction.RESULTS: Totally 20 SD rats were observed and analyzed with no loss SCs grew in visible symmetric colonies, displaying a long-spindle shape,and the morphological characteristics of marrow-derived MSCs had no obvious changes during passage-culture, but its proliferation time was found from a shuttle fibroblastic appearance to polygonal shape, displaying posiHC staining of type Ⅱ collagen of cartilage specific matrix.bronectin adherent screening technique is a convenient, effective and practical method to separate and collect MSCs from rat bone marrows in chondrogenic phenotype when induced by a specific medium and can secrete cartilage specific matrix, and they can be the optimal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the conversion rate of subtypes of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and assess the contribution of neuropsychological disturbance in progression from MCI to AD over 2 years. Method Subjects from memory clinic of Huashan hospital including 130 of who met the operational criteria for Mayo Clinic defined aMCI by neuropsychological tests covering global cognitive function, executive function, memory function, language function and visual spatial skills. They underwent multidimensional assessment and a neuropsychological battery at baseline and at follow-up, after about 2 years. Diagnosis for dementia was based on National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke; Alzheimer' s Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria. Results Forty-four cases of 130 (33. 8% ) elder people with aMCI converted to probable AD with 17 aMCI-s and 27 aMCI-m subjects within an average 23.8 (6. 8 ) months. There was significant difference between the reversion rate of aMCI-s and aMCI-m (26. 2% vs 42. 9%, x2 = 3.957,P = 0. 047). Moreover, as the disease progressing,the two groups declined similarly in memory and executive function while in the aMCI-s group, the function of spatial structure relatively reserved in aMCI-s but function of language and attention diminished faster, and in the aMCI-m group, the ability of spatial structure declined even more significantly. Conclusion The aMCI-m is more likely to progress to AD than aMCI-s and it' s necessary to divide aMCI into aMCI-s and aMCI-m to help determine prognosis.