Objective: To investigate the effects of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression of early diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Ninety-five male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control rats, STZ-induced diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with LMWH. The renal tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining after 1,2,4,6,and 8 weeks’ treatment respectively to quantify the VEGF expression. Results: Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated an increasing in VEGF positive cells in diabetic rats. It was found that there were significant differences in VEGF staining intensity between diabetic rats and normal control rats and between LMWH treated rats and untreated diabetic rats after two weeks treatment. Conclusion: The inhibition of VEGF expression may be one of the mechanisms of LMWH’s renal protective effects on early diabetic nephropathy.

Objective:To investigate the migration and odontogenesis of rat dental pulp cells transfected with adenovirus vector enco-ding cadherin-11.Methods:The dental pulp cells were cultured and transfected with pDC316-mCMV-EGFP-Cadherin-11.Cad-11 protein expression of the cells was examined by immunohistochemistry staining.The odontogenic differentiation of the cells was studied by alizarin red staining and ALP staining.The adhesion and migration of the cells were tested.Results:Transfection of pDC316-mC-MV-EGFP-Cadherin11 promoted Cad-11 protein expression and ALP activity,increased calcified nodule formation(P <0.05),adhe-sion and migration of rat dental pulp cells(P <0.05).Conclusion:Cadherin-11 may promote the odontoblast differentiation and mi-gration of rat dental pulp cells.

Background and purpose:Hepatocellular carcinoma suppressor gene-1(HCCS1)is a potential hepatocellular carcinoma supressor gene,and it also plays an important role in sorting of some cytoplasmic proteins.Its carcinoma suppressor function may be related to its sorting function.So it is important to identify the minimum region of functional sequence in HCCS1 that related to the transportation.Methods:The expression vectors containing various lengths of HCCS1 gene were constructed and transfected into HeLa cells mediated by liposomes.The localizations of different HCCS1 fragments and the colocalizations of M6PR with various truncated HCCS1 were determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy,respectively.Results:10 different expression vectors containing various lengths of HCCS1 gene were successfully constructed,it had been shown that the polar localization of HCCS1 protein and the co-localizations with M6PR disappeared when HCCS1 gene was truncated to 1 120 bp from the 3'end by laser scanning confocal microscopy.Conclusions:We identified the minimum localization of the HCCS1 functional sequence that related to the transportation.

Background and purpose:Wuxing soup is popular for it's anti-cancer effect in folk medicine and deserved to be further studied by modern scientific methods.This research aimed to explore its anti-cancer effect and to study the influence on the immunity of melanoma in mice. Methods :Inhibition of different ingredients and concentrations of Wuxing soup on the growth of the mouse melanoma B16 cells was detected by MTT in vitro.Animal experiment was performed to determine its anti-cancer effect in vivo.C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups after vaccination of B16 cell,and then given intragastrically with different soups for 25 days.All mice were killed on day 26 after inoculation.The weight of tumors were recorded.The anti-tumor immune function was measured by T lymphocyte transforming assay and NK killing assay.The different effect of different ingredients was also observed. Results :Our result showed that different ingredients soup exerted different inhibition on B16 cell growth and Wuxing soup was the strongest one of all and in dose-dependent manner in vitro.The animal experiment indicated that different ingredients soup has different inhibition on melanoma,the soup-treated mouse display improved T lymphocyte transforming assay and NK killing ability.Among the different soups,Wuxing soup showed the strongest anti-cancer effect and immune enhancement. Conclusions :Wuxing soup is an effective anti-cancer agent in melanoma mice and can enhance the immunity of the mice with melanoma.

Objective To systematically evaluate the association between protein C and Legg -Calve -Perthes disease.Methods A literature research was performed through PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,Web of Science,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Wan-fang Database from inception to February 201 6 on the association between protein C and Legg -Calve -Perthes disease.According to the Newcastle -Ottawa Scale(NOS)criteria,the quality of studies was evaluated and data were extracted.Meta -analysis was performed with Stata 1 1 .0 software.Results A total of 1 4 articles were included.Twelve articles on protein C and Legg -Calve -Perthes disease in the study group and the control group were compared.The results of Meta -analysis showed that there was no significant difference in protein C levels between the study group and the control group[odds radio(OR)=1 .41 ,95% confidence interval(CI)(0.87,2.28),P =0.1 47];five articles on protein C and the white race of Legg -Calve -Perthes disease between the study group and the control group were com-pared,The results of Meta -analysis showed that there was no significant difference in protein C levels between the whiteskin patients′group and the control group[OR =0.61 2,95%CI(1 .83,7.29),P =0.61 2];three articles on pro-tein C and the yellow race of Legg -Calve -Perthes disease between the study group and the control group were com-pared,and the results of Meta -analysis showed that there was no significant difference in protein C levels between the yellow skin patients group and the control group[OR =0.59,95%CI(0.05,6.72),P =0.080].Conclusion There is no significant correlation between protein C and Legg -Calve -Perthes disease.

This study was aimed to prepare solid dispersions of Acanthopanax leaves total flavonoids in order to im-prove its bioavailability. PEG4000, PEG6000, F68, PVPK30 were used as carrier materials in the preparation of four different types of solid dispersion to screen the best type of carrier material and evaluate the amount of carrier mate-rial and its influence on the drug dissolution. Rutin was used as reference substance. NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH was used as the color system, with a UV spectrophotometer measured absorbance at 500 nm. The dissolution characteris-tics of different proportions of solid dispersions were examined in vitro. The results showed that compared with raw material, the in vitro drug release rate with PVPK30 as carrier material in the obtained solid dispersion of the pro-portion of the raw material was significantly improved, and the cumulative release rate was also increased significant-ly. It was concluded that the solid dispersion prepared by solvent method significantly improved in vitro drug release in water.

Objective To assess the value of detecting sympathetic skin response (SSR) in the diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods SSR measurement was performed in 47 PD patients and 20 healthy control subjects and the results were compared. The SSR was also comparatively analyzed between patients with and those without autonomic dysfimction. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the PD patients showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (2.56±1.47 vs 1.87±0.26, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.42±0.29 vs 1.55± 0.18, P<0.05) of the SSR in the upper limbs, with also lowered mean amplitude (0.76±0.39 vs 0.49±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.04±0.27 vs 2.13±0.16, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Compared with the PD patients without autonomic dysfunction, those having autonomic dysfunction showed significantly lowered mean amplitude (1.89±0.33 vs 1.75±0.21, P<0.05) and prolonged latency (1.53±0.15 vs 1.56±0.17, P<0.05) of SSR in the upper limbs and lowered mean amplitude (0.51±0.17 vs 0.46±0.20,P<0.05) and prolonged latency (2.08±0.24 vs 2.17±0.18, P<0.05) in the lower limbs. Conclusion The results of SSR measurements are consistent with the clinical manifestations of the PD patients. SSR can be of value in the diagnosis of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD.

Objective To analyze the distribution of various genotypes of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein N ( HCMV gN) in patients with HIV infection; to investigate the effects of HCMV-HIV co-in-fection on disease progression and the relationships between HCMV gN genotypes and disease progression. Methods Patients with active HCMV infection were screened out from 359 patients with HIV infection by using the pp65 antigenemia assay.The genes encoding HCMV gN ( UL73 ) were amplified by nested PCR ( nPCR) .The amplicons were digested by restriction enzymes including MboⅠ, ScaⅠ and SalⅠ.Then, the restricted fragment length polymorphisms were further analyzed on 4%agarose gel.The relationships be-tween HCMV genotypes and the morbidity and mortality of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) were investigated via a prospective study.Results Among the 359 patients with HIV infection, 28 subjects were positive for the HCMV pp65 antigenemia assay.The HCMV gN genotypes in 20 patients with active HCMV infection were distributed as: gN-3a (4/20, 20%), gN-1 (4/20, 20%), gN-4d (1/20, 5%), gN-4b (1/20, 5%) and mixed infection (10/20, 50%).Patients with HCMV-HIV co-infection were more likely to develop AIDS during the follow-up period (RR=9.78).Patients harboring HCMV gN-1 and gN-4 genotypes would seem likely to have 4.6 times of chance leading to AIDS-associated death than those harbo-ring other HCMV gN genotypes.Conclusion HCMV infection ( especially gN-1 and gN-4 genotypes) might accelerate the progression of HIV infection.

Objective To evallhte factors affecting blood loss during mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy using ureteroscope and pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy(MPCNL). Methods 1156MPCNL procedures in 885 patients from July 2002 to October 2006 were reviewed. Various patientrelated and intraoperative factors were assessed for association with total blood loss using multivariate regression analysis. ResuIts The average hemoglobin drop was(14.2+8.3)g/L.The overall blood transfusion rate was 1.5%. Approximately 0.6%of patients required angiography embolization to control intractable bleeding. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the occurrence ot operative complications(6=0.496,P＜0.001),size of the tract(b=0.405,P＜0.001),mature nephrostomy tract(6=0.377,P＜0.001),multiple tracts(6=0.326,P=0.005),size of stone(b=0.210,P=0.015),operative time(6=0.139,P=0.027),renal parenehymal thickness(b=0.128,P=0.035),prior stone intervention(b=-0.121,P=0.038),diabetes(b=0.110,P=0.051),and bacteriuria(b=-0.095,P=0.058)were significant predictors of blood loss.Factors such as age,sex,side,obesity,hypertension,renal function,operating surgeon,anaesthesia,calix of puncture,number of attempts to successful puncture,urine from puncture needle may not affect the blood loss. Concluslons Maneuvers that may reduce blood loss include reducing the operative time,decreasing the occurrence of intraoperative complications, reducing the tract size and tract number, and staging the procedure.Staging the procedure of MPCNL is a judicious decision in case of a large stone burden,intraoperative complications,multiple-tract,lager tract or diabetes.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the aquaporin-4(AQP4) expression in the ischemic penumbra tissues.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups randomly, including control group(n=6) and occluded groups(n=30). The occluded groups were studied after the right middle cerebral artery of the rats unilaterally occluded(MCAO) at an interval of 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h, respectively(n=5 for each group). The operation process of the control group was the same as the occluded group except occluded MCAO. Then all rats were imaged with T_1WI, T_2WI and diffusion weighted-imaging(DWI). The brain tissue, according to the method by LIU Meili reported, was regarded as the area of the graphic penumbra. The relative apparent diffusion coefficient of the graphic-penumbra (rADC_1) and the center infarction(rADC_2)(ratios between the values of the occluded side and the opposite side) were calculated. The animals were sacrificed and perfused with the mixture solution consisting of TTC at different time intervals. The graphic-penumbra of the biggest layer of the ischemic cerebral tissue which corresponded to the DWI was examined with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Meanwhile, histologic examination was performed at same site of the lesion. Results There were no significant changes on MRI, the relative apparent diffusion coefficient and the expression of the AQP4. The abnormal high intensity was found on DWI at 15 min after MCAO. T_2WI detected the lesion at 1 h after MCAO. The value of the rADC_1 decreased within 24 h after MCAO in ischemic penumbra, especially, it descended quickly within 1 h after MCAO, from(70.4?6.9)% at 15 min to(53.5?10.9)% at 1 h. Whereas, in the infarct tissue, the changes of the rADC_2 had a rule of decrease from(71.5?6.6)% at 15 min to(45.7?10.5)% at 3 h at first time, and then follow an increasing up to(78.7?11.5)% at 24 h after MCAO. The expression of AQP4 increased gradually within 24 h after MCAO, from 0.42?0.05 at 15 min to 1.18?0.12 at 24 h, it showed negative relationship with the rADC_1 in the ischemic penumbra (r= -0.966,P