Objective: To use dual source computed tomography (DSCT) for assessment of left atrial appendage volume and function, and to compare the results with those of cardiac cine MR (CMR). Methods: Sixty-two patients who received computed tomography angiography (CTA) during March 2008 to Feb. 2009 were included in the present study. The DSCT data sets (Somatom Definition, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany) and FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition) cines (Signa Excite HD 3T, GE) of the vertical long axis covering the left atrium were obtained on the same day. The images were analyzed to obtain LAAVmax, LAAVmin and LAAEF using Vitrea Heart Function software and Report Card 2.0 software, for DSCT and CMR. Intermodality agreement between DSCT and CMR was tested using linear regression and t test. Interobserver variability was tested by Bland-Altman analyses. Results: The DSCT and CMR measurements of the left atrial appendage volume and function were not significantly different, and the measurements of the two methods were well correlated with each other, with the coefficient of LAAVmax, LAAVmin, and LAAEF (%) being 0.85, 0.86, and 0.76, respectively. However, compared with CMR, DSCT showed a tendency of overestimating LAAV max, LAAVmin and underestimating LAAEF. The interobserver variability of DSCT measurements was lower than that of CMR measurements. Conclusion: DSCT is accurate in assessing the left atrial appendage volume and function of patients referred for coronary CT imaging, and the results are reproducible.

AIM:To evaluate the poor vision condition and analyze the myopia etiological factor in primary school He'xi district of Sanya.
METHODS: A cohort of 1 218 subjects were recruited randomly from grade 1~6 of two primary schools. Visual activity test, dioptroscopy and risk factor questionnaire were evaluated.
RESULTS: The prevalence of poor vision was 29. 55%. The incidence of myopia increased with grade, and was significantly higher in girls than that in boys. The outdoor activity time of myopic pupil ( 7. 25 ± 5. 35h/wk ) was significantly lower than emmetropic pupil (11. 86±6. 65h/wk) ( P < 0. 05 ). The usage of electronic product ( TV, computater and cell phone) time of myopic pupil (13. 36±8. 35h/wk) was significantly higher than emmetropic pupil (7. 75±5. 83h/wk) (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The increase of myopia incidence is closely related with sparing outdoor activity and excess usage of electronic product.

Background Increase in ophthalmic optical medical instruments and microsurgical applications leads to retinal photochemical damage and other problems delivery of a variety of devices,so the in-depth study and understanding of its pathogenesis after retina light damage can provide a reference for the clinical treatment of related diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and relative mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) on mouse retina photic injury by studying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2)and MMP-9.Methods Fifty-two SPF BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group,simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group by balloting method.The mice of simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group were continuously irradiated with 6000 lx diffuse light for 4 hours in a home-made box to establish the models of light-induced damage;while recombinant human EPO (rhEPO)of 5000 U/kg was intraperitoneally injected prior to the light exposure in the EPO pretreatment group.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined at 6,12,36,72,96 hours and 7 days following light-exposure by immunohistochemistry.Results Edema and structural disorder of RPE cells appeared inthe simple light-induced group after light-exposure and aggravated with lapse of light-exposure time,but no similar change was seen until 7 days in the EPO pretreatment group.The immunohistochemistry findings showed that the expression of MMP-2(A value)in RPE cells was less in the normal mice.However,a large quantity of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 36 hours after light-exposure.Compared with the simple light-induced group,the positive expression of MMP-2 protein in EPO pretreatment group was significantly decreased,showing statistically significant differences among these three groups and different time points (Fgroup =3.68,P =0 04; Ftime =9.13,P=0.00).There was hardly any MMP-9 expression in the retina of the normal mice.In simple light-induced group,a few of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 6 hours after light-exposure and reached its peak 12 hours following light-exposure.The gradually down-regulation of MMP-9 expression happened 96 hours later following light-irradiation.The expression tendency of MMP-9 in EPO pretreatment group was similar to the simple light-induced group.Significant differences in expressions of MMP-9 were found among different groups and time points (Fgroup=3.61,P =0.04;Ftime =16.91,P=0.00).Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involved in the mechanism of retina photic injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in RPE cells.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the structure of TMJ and the craniofacial pattern,occlusion in ClassⅡ1mandibular retrusion children. Methods:TMJ MRI,lateral cephalometric were taken respectively from 30 ClassⅡ1 patients (14 boys and 16 girls,the average age was 10.8?1.1 years). The condyle position and disc position were measured. The correlation of condyle and disc position with craniofacial pattern and occlusion were analyzed metrically and compared with pearson test.Results:There were low positive correlation between MP-SN angle and anterial space. No correlation between posterior-anterior ratio and other data were found. The posterior facial height and Dp-Cc/Cs-Cc angle had low positive correlation. The anterior facial height and Dp-Cc/Cs-Cc、Ca-Ca'、Ca-Cp showed low negative correlation,and little correlation was found between condyle position and overbite and overjet. Overbite had no correlation with disc-condyle-fossa relationship. However,The positive correlation was found between the overjet. and Ca-Dm and Dp-Cc/Cs-Cc,and Pearson coefficient is 0.420 and 0.460.Conclusion:Vertical craniofacial patter has relation to forward displacement of condyle and backward displacement of disc. A deeper overjet is related with a higher risk of abnormal disc-condyle-fossa relationship.

Background and purpose:Advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death. In the past ,the standard treatment for patients with advanced CRC was fluorouracil(5-FU) biochemically modulated by leucovorin(LV), which demonstrated a response rate of about 23% .In 1990s, a number of new treatment options have been available. In particular, one new cytotoxic agent ,irinotecan (CPT-11), which is a specific inhibitor of topoisomerase I, have been proven to have efficacy in the tretment of CRC .Furthermore, several first-line phase Ⅲ trials show a significant improvement in result with the addition of CPT-11 to FU-LV combination therapy (FOLFIRI).We observed the survival situation, efficacy and safety of irinotecan plus 5-FU/LV after first-line chemotherapy failure for Chinese patients with advanced or/and metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods:Twenty-four patients with metastatic colorectal cancer whose disease had progressed after treatment with first-line oxaliplatin or other chemotherapeutics were included to receive biweekly FOLFIRI regimen (irinotecan 180mg/m~ 2 on day 1,with LV 200mg/m~ 2 adiministrated as a 2-hour infusion before 5-FU 400mg/m~ 2 administrated as an intravenous bolus injection and FU⒉4g/m~ 2 as 46-hour infusion immediately after 5-FU bolus ).All the patients were planned to receive at least 6 cycles of chemotherapy .They were assessed on the basis of WHO evaluation standard of objective therapeutic effect for solid tumor.Results:24 patients were assessable to observe the efficacy and safety. No case was CR.5 case were PR, response rate was 20% (5/24). 17 case were SD , rate was 70% (17/24). 2 case were PD, rate was 8%(2/24). Median time to progression (TTP) were 6.6 months (6 to 24 months ),median overall survival was 10.7 months. The majority of adverse reaction were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, leucopenia, alopecie. Most of them were Ⅰ/Ⅱ degree, only 6 cases reached III/IV degree. 3 cases had diarrhea with leucopenia and fever.Conclusions:The biweekly regimen of irinotcan in combination with 5-FU/LV results in significant and clinically meaningful improvement in survival and quality of life among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Toxicity is manageable.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of salicylic acid and the related substances in salicylic acid ointment by HPLC.METHODS:The determination was performed on Kromasil ODS-C18 chromatographic column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(adjust pH=2.5 using acetic acid,50∶50)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The sample size was 20 ?L and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm.RESULTS:The main peak and the related substances were well-separated.The linear range of salicylic acid was 10.014～100.14 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9)with an average recovery of 99.35%(RSD=0.99%)and a lowest detectable limit of 5 ng?mL-1,the labeled amout of related substances all less than 1.01%.CONCLUSION:The method developed in our study is simple in operation,accurate in results,specific and suitable for the content determination of salicylic acid ointment.

Objective To optimize the particle size of Huoxue powder by contents comparison of emodin,phellodendrine,berberine and jatrorrhizine before and after permeabilized skin absorption of Huoxue powder in different particle size of 0.150,0.075,0.048,0.038 mm.Methods The contents of emodin,phellodendrine,berberine and jatrorrhizine in transparent absorbent fluid of Huoxue power in different particle size within 24 hours were measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,and optimize its particle size by contents comparison of the effective components.Results The contents of the active components in Huoxue power with the particle size of 0.075 mm were high before and after percutaneous absorption.Conclusion Particle size of 0.075 mm is best for Huoxue powder.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids for Bone healing formulation in order to use it for preparation research. METHODS:With the content of total flavonoids as the index,L9(34)orthogonal test was employed to investigate the effects of volume fraction of the solvent ethanol,the amount of solvent,extraction times and extraction time on the extraction of total flavonoids for Bone healing formulation to determine the optimal levels of the factors,and verification tests were conducted. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids was 1 h reflux extraction for 3 times,with 70% etha-nol 10 times as much as the amount of medicinal materials. Verification tests showed the average content of total flavonoids was 62.03 mg/ml(RSD=0.84%,n=3),that is to say,6.20 g total flavonoids might be extracted from 100 g medicinal materials for the formulation. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal technology is stable and feasible and can be used for the extraction of total flavo-noids for Bone healing formulation and provide a experimental basis for the preparation of Bone healing liniment.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate transdermal behavior in vitro of total flavonoids and its monomer components in Guyu liniment. METHODS:Vertical Franz diffusion cell was adopted to perform a test on excised mouse skin as transdermal barrier. UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids,and HPLC to determine the content of monomer flavo-noid hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA)to observe transdermal absorption in vitro within 12 hours. RESULTS:The accumulative per-meation quantity Q of the total flavonoids and HSYA in Guyu liniment increased with time(t),demonstrating a significant correla-tion with t1/2,and transdermal absorption was in conformity with Higuchi equation (r=0.995 6,0.999 5);permeate flux of total flavonoids and HSYA were 126.24,47.516μg/(cm2·h). CONCLUSIONS:The transdermal behavior of total flavonoids in Guyu lin-iment is similar to that of HSYA. Both belong to matrix diffusion-type transdermal drug delivery system,with the characteristic of long-term sustained release.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Huoxuesan. METHODS:Microscopic identification method was adopted for the qualitative identification of Rhizoma pinelliae,Eupolyphaga seu,Phellodendron amurense and Fructus kochiae in the preparation. HPLC was adopted for the contents determination of phellodendrine,polydatin,jatrorrhizine,berberine and emo-din:the column was ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 with methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 240 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 5 μl. RESULTS:Micro-scopic identification map of R. pinelliae,E. seu,P. amurense and F. kochiae was clear. The linear range was 0.159-5.073 μg(r=0.997 4)for phellodendrine、0.149-4.761 μg(r=0.999 9)for polydatin、0.239-7.649 μg(r=0.995 5)for jatrorrhizine、0.165-5.268 μg (r=0.997 2)for berberine、0.012-0.382 μg(r=0.999 9)for emodin;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were low-er than 3.0%;recoveries were 98.9%-104.1%(RSD=1.9%,n=6),96.1%-101.7%(RSD=2.5%,n=6),99.6%-105.1%(RSD=2.6%,n=6),90.3%-98.2%(RSD=2.9%,n=6)and 92.9%-96.4%(RSD=2.0%,n=6)respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The es-tablished standard can be used for the quality control of Huoxuesan.