A large number of studies have confirmed that antiplatelet agents reduce the relative risk of stroke,myocardial infarction,or death by an average of 22％.However,many patients still have thrombotic events during the period of taking anti-platelet agents,and this is called anti-platelet agent resistance.Its incidences reported are very different.The incidence of aspirin is 3％ to 85％,and that of clopidogrel is 28％ to 44％.The exact cause of antiplatelet agent resistance remains unclear.It may be associated with several factors,including decreased drug bioavailability,genetic polymorphisms,activation of other platelet activation pathways,and increased circulating platelets.Currently,a variety of laboratory methods have been used to detect antiplatelet agent resistance,its criteria are different.In addition,the response measures of antiplatelet agent resistance also have no conclusion,and this has brought greater difficulties for the prevention and treatment of stroke.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical brain function detection technology,which can do multi-point measurement of changes on cerebral cortical area corresponding to the oxygenation of the blood hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration,and then reflect the state of brain cortex function.Its greatest advantage is to allow the subjects head moving in a certain range,especially suitable for children.At present this technology could be applied to clinical pediatric,such as epilepsy,autism,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,neonatal disease,neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery,etc.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology will have more applications in the field of research on brain function.

Background phacoemulsification combined with limbal relaxing incision (LRI) is reported to be effective for the management of coexisting cataract astigmatism,but the influence of after phacoemulsification with LRI on corneal high-order aberration is still rarely reported.Objective This study was to evaluate the effect of cataract surgery with LRI for preoperative astigmatism or on corneal high-order aberration.Methods A selfcontrolled serial cases observational study was designed.A total of 35 cataractous eyes of 35 patients with astigmatism ≥ 1.0 D before cataract surgery were enrolled in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from August 2014 to April 2015 under the informed consent of patients.LRIs were performed on the eyes during the phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),BCVA and optometry were recorded before operation and 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months after operation.Pentacam was employed to measure the maximal and minimal diopters,astigmatism and high-order aberrations within 3 mm of the anterior corneal surface at above-mentioned time points.All the results were compared among different time points.The optometry outcomes and the anterior corneal surface astigmatism change were analyzed using vector analysis method.Results The UCVA was 0.34 ±0.22,0.38 ± 0.25,0.43±0.27,0.42±0.28 in 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after operation,which was significantly higher than 0.08 ±0.09 before operation;and the BCVA was 0.54 ± 0.27,0.64 ± 0.29,0.67 ± 0.29,0.71 ± 0.32 in 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after operation,showing a significant increase in comparison with 0.22±0.51 before operation(F=54.457,P=0.000;F =62.653,P =0.000).The refractive cylindrical error and corneal astigmatism were significantly decreased after operation in comparison with before operation (F =31.061,P =0.000;F =113.043,P=0.000).High order aberrations (HOA) at postoperative 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months were all higher than those in preoperation (F =11.189,P =0.000) under the 4 mm pupil diameter.Compared with preoperation,the vertical coma,secondary vertical coma and three leaf clover were significantly increased(all at P＜0.05),but the horizontal coma and primary spherical aberration were not significantly changed (all at P＞0.05) under the 6 mm pupil diameter.Conclusions Phacoemulsification combined with LRI can reduce the corneal astigmatism effectively and steadily,and the increase of corneal aberrations does not affect visual acuity.

Objective To study the influences of dichloromethane extraction from crude and processed Cornus Officinalis on bone marrow cells of aging mice induced by D-galactose. Methods DNA damage of bone marrow cells of aging mice induced by D-galactose was detected by the comet assay, the expression of p53 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results The tail formation rate of model group was significantly higher than the rate of control group (P

In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo, we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups, then observed their lung indexes, pulmonary pathological changes, pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers, living time and death rates. The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93, 1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84, 0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01). In addition,the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d, 8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01). The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05), and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).

Objective: To examine the effect of mouthwashing before dental procedure on environmental pollution of microorganism in dental clinic. Methods: Air samples in dental clinic after tooth preparation whether using mouthwashes or not pre operationally were collected and cultured with blood agar plates, the bacteria colonies formed on the plates in different groups were counted as the index for air contamination. Results: Environmental contamination from tooth preparation in dental clinic could be reduced significantly by using mouthwash pre operationally( P 0.05), but the size of the colonies formed on the plates in Kou Jie Su group was smaller than that in drinking water group. Conclusion: Environmental contamination from tooth preparation in dental clinic can be reduced by using mouthwash pre operationally. Combination of the pre operational mouthwashing with vacuum aspirator or ventilation installation may be a better way to control the possible cross infection in dental clinic.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) with imaging reconstruction in judging bronchial involvement from central lung cancer. Methods: MSCT was done in 30 patients who were diagnosed as central lung cancer. Images of bronchi related to lobectomy or pneumonectomy were reconstructed by means of imaging processing techniques. Then the relation between tumor and bronchus was assessed prospectively with both axial CT and CT with imaging reconstruction in comparison with subsequent pathologic and surgical findings. Results: All 30 patients underwent thoracotomy, lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Total 66 bronchi were studied. Compared with axial CT images, CT with imaging reconstruction was better in judging the relation of bronchus and tumor in comparison with subsequent pathologic and surgical findings (0.01

目的观察大剂量纳洛酮对急性脑卒中患者的疗效。方法144例急性脑卒中患者随机分为常规治疗组(对照组)和纳洛酮治疗组,前者给予脱水、降颅压、保护脑细胞等常规治疗,后者在常规治疗的基础上加用纳洛酮(2.0mg/d,静滴),比较两组患者的清醒时间及疗效。结果纳洛酮组患者清醒时间早于对照组(P<0.01),疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论纳洛酮对急性脑卒中疗效确切,可使患者清醒时间提前。

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the development of clinical pharmacists’career and the establishment of le-gal system in China. METHODS:The background,progress and situation of applying for“pharmacists’health care provider sta-tus”in the United States were introduced. The reasons for achieving provider status in California,Washington,and Oregon were summed up in aspects of politics,economics and education. The chance and challenge for achieving provider status at federal level were also discussed. Based on the development of clinical pharmacists in China,the suggestions were put forward for the improve-ment of legal system of clinical pharmacists in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:“Health care provider status”in the United Stated were recognised by 3 states with local developed economics,high-level education,and collective efforts of pharmacy organi-zations. Multiple national pharmacy organizations as American Pharmacists Association,American Society of Health-System Phar-macists and American Pharmacy College Society are working together toward provider status at the federal level. Our country should pay attention to related legal system construction,establish perfect and definite clinical pharmacists legal system as soon as possible to provide legal guarantee for career development of clinical pharmacists in China.

BACKGROUND:Breviscapine treatment of cerebral infarction has curative effects, few side effects, stable long-term efficacy and few side effects, which can improve the micro-environment of damaged central nervous system after cerebral infarction.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of breviscapine injection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on neurological recovery and growth-associated protein 43 expression in rats after cerebral infarction.
METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion were randomized into cerebral infarction group, cel transplantation group and combined group. At 6 hours after modeling, 1 mL PBS, 1 mL bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension (2.5×106), and 1 mL bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel suspension (2.5×106)+75 mg/kg breviscapine injection were respectively injected via the tail vein in the three groups, once a day, continuously for 5 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 2 weeks after transplantation, BrdU-positive bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were mainly gathered in the peri-infarction region, and the number of positive cels was higher in the combined group than the other two groups (P < 0.01). At 1, 2, 3 weeks after transplantation, the neurological deficit scores were significantly lower in the combined group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). At 2 weeks after transplantation, the combined group had smaler infarct size, milder edema, and higher expression of growth-associated protein 43 as compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). Under light microscope, glial cels proliferated dramaticaly and brain edema significantly reduced in the combined group. These findings indicate that breviscapine injection combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can significantly reduce infarct size and brain edema, promote neurological recovery and increase the expression of growth-associated protein 43 in rats with cerebral infarction.