Objective To investigate the present situation of living and living quality of the elderly living in communities of Xi'an City.Methods By using quality of life(QOL) questionnaire,the elders living in two communities in Xi'an were investigated regarding their physical,psychological,social and material functions as well as overall living quality.Results Psychological and social functions scored significantly higher in both male and higher-income groups than those in the others.The scores of physical and social functions in the lower-income elderly were significantly higher than those in high-income ones.The scores of overall living quality of those elderly having spouses,living with their family members,taking an active part in social activities,having hobbies and enjoying medical insurance were significantly higher than those of the others.The well-educated elderly scored significantly higher in social function than those with lower education level;adverse events prominently decreased the quality of life of the elderly.More than 80% of the elderly were satisfied with their living environment.The highest incidence of chronic diseases in the communities was hypertension.Conclusion The quality of life of the elderly living in communities of Xi'an City is good.Health status,family environment,educational level,income and marital status are the main factors that affect the quality of life of the elderly.

Graduates are generally weak in oral English. Some measures have been taken in graduate oral English course since 2005 in SMMU and proved effective by the questionnaire completed later.

The work aims to study the drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the metabolism of butylphthalide and evaluate the induction and inhibition activities of butylphthalide on CYP450 isoenzymes by using in vitro (liver microsome incubation system of rats and human) and in vivo (CYP induced model of rats) method. Butylphthalide was incubated with selective inhibitors of CYP450, and its metabolic rate was determined to identify the metabolizing isoenzymes of NBP in rat (normal and induced rats) and human liver microsomes. The in vitro inhibition effect of butylphthalide on 6 main liver microsomal CYP450 isoenzymes was evaluated by using probe drugs; the induction and inhibition activities in vivo of butylphthalide on CYP450 isoenzymes were evaluated by NBP ig dosing (160 mg x kg(-1)) and iv dosing (20 mg x kg(-1)) in rats. After adding the specific inhibitors of CYP2C11, 2E1 and 3A 1/2 for rat, CYP2C19, 2E1 and 3A4/5 for human, the metabolism of NBP in rat and human liver microsomes were reduced 38.8%, 86.2%, 78.4% and 51.0%, 92.0%, 58.9% of control, respectively. The metabolic rates of NBP in CYP2E1 and 3A 1/2 induced rat liver microsomes were increased 25.5% and 68.9%. High concentration of NBP (≥ 200 μmol x L(-1), in vitro) could inhibit the activities of CYP1A2, 2C6, 2C11 and 2D2 in rats, and high concentration of NBP ( ≥ 15 μmol x L(-1), in vitro) could inhibit the activity of CYP2C19 in human. All the results indicated that NBP should be mainly metabolized by CYP2E1, 2C11 and 3A 1/2 in rats and CYP2E1, 2C19 and 3A4/5 in human. High concentration of NBP could inhibit human CYP2C19 in vitro. No significant induction/inhibition effects of NBP were observed on rat liver CYP450 isoforms after ig 160 mg x kg(-1) NBP or iv 20 mg x kg(-1) NBP.

rAdinbitor was cloned from Gloydius blomhoffi brevicaudus in the laboratory. Previous researches had proved that rAdinbitor could inhibit proliferation of C6 glioma cells as well as promote their apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of rAdinbitor’s effects on C6 cells need to be further studied. rAdinbitor was expressed in E. coli BL21/pET23b-adinbitor and purified with Ni Sepharose 6 Fast Flow. The purified protein was confirmed by Western blotting. C6 cells were induced with fibronectin (FN). The effects of rAdinbitor with different concentrations on the expression of FAK, MEK1/2 and Caspase-3 as well as on activity of FAK and ERK1/2 in FN-induced C6 cells were studied by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. Results showed that rAdinbitor with different concentrations could obviously reduce the expression of FAK and MEK1/2, increase the expression of Caspase-3, as well as decrease ERK1/2 phosphorylation; besides 10 mg/L rAdinbitor, other concentrations’ rAdinbitor could inhibit FAK phosphorylation obviously. All those effects were dose-dependent. Results indicate that the effects of rAdinbitor on decreasing expression and activity of FAK and inhibiting Ras-MAPK signaling pathway play an important role in suppressing the proliferation of C6. Furthermore, the increase in Caspase-3 expression implies that the increase in apoptosis of C6 cells might be due to the suppression of rAdinbitor on the activity of ILK and PI-3K/Akt pathway.

This study investigated the role of glucose in the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were harvested and maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing glucose of various concentrations. The cells were divided into 3 groups in terms of different glucose concentrations in the cultures: Control group (5.6 mmol/L glucose), high glucose concentration groups (16.7 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L glucose). ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA expression in the macrophages was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR 24, 48 and 72 h after glucose treatment. The results showed that ABCA1 mRNA expression in the 16.7 mmol/L glucose group was not significantly different from that in the control group at all testing time points (P>0.05 for each). In the 30 mmol/L glucose group, macrophage ABCA1 mRNA expression was not changed significantly at 24 h (P=0.14), but was substantially decreased by 40.4% at 48 h (P=0.009) and by 48.1% at 72 h (P=0.015) as compared with that in the control group. It was concluded that ABCA1 is of vital importance for HDL-C biogenesis. High glucose may hamper HDL-C biogenesis by decreasing ABCA1 expression, which contributes to low HDL-C level in diabetes.

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine plus laser photocoagulation on eyes which have peripheral retinal hole with shallow detachment.
METHODS: The 227 cases ( 246 eyes ) of retinal hole with shallow detachment were randomly divided into an integrated Chinese and western medicine group and a western medicine group. The former underwent laser photocoagulation combined with oral Chinese medicine;while the latter was treated with laser photocoagulation alone. Analyses of the effect were performed two months after treatment.
RESULTS:The total cure rate of integrated Chinese and western medicine group was 87. 7%, while that of western medicine group was 71. 6%, significant difference was considered between the two groups (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION: Chinese medicine combined with laser photocoagulation plays an exact role in eyes which have peripheral retinal hole with shallow detachment, especially when the detached range is greater than 1PD, and it is significantly better than western laser therapy.

Objective To screen and identify the predominant T-and B-cell ( T-B) combined an-tigenic epitopes on the outer membrane protein Loa22 of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans ( L.interrogans) stains and to further analyze their immunogenicity.Methods PCR analysis was used to detect loa22 gene in L.interrogans strains belonging to eight different serogroups or serovars prevalent in China.The PCR prod-ucts were sequenced after T-A cloning.A prokaryotic expression system for loa22 gene of L.interrogans sero-group Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai was constructed.The expressed recombinant protein rLoa22 was extracted by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.The rabbit anti-rLoa22 serum samples and IgG were pre-pared.The T-B combined antigenic epitopes on Loa22 protein were predicted by using professional bioinfor-matic softwares.Phage display in combination with Western blot assay and ELISA were performed to identify the immunogenicity of the recombinant phage PⅢ protein-displayed and artificially-synthesized T-B com-bined antigenic epitopes, respectively.MTS assay and ELISA were performed to detect the activation of T cells and the expression of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γinduced by T-B combined antigenic epitopes, respectively. Results All of the tested pathogenic Leptospira strains were positive for loa22 gene, sharing 85.5%-99.8%homologies in nucleotide sequences and 93.9%-99.5%homologies in amino acid sequences.The construc-ted prokaryotic expression system for loa22 gene efficiently expressed the rLoa22 protein.Among four T-B combined antigenic epitopes (Loa22-77, Loa22-90, Loa22-125 and Loa22-157), only Loa22-90 epitope presented a strong positive band in Western blot analysis.The proliferation of CD4+T cells and the expres-sion of IL-2 ( Th1 ) and IL-4 ( Th2 ) were significantly enhanced by the stimulation with Loa22-90 epitope peptide (P<0.05).Conclusion Loa22 protein is a sequence-conserved genus-specific outer membrane protein of L.interrogans.The Loa22-90 epitope is the predominant T-B combined antigenic epitope of Loa22 protein, which might be used as a candidate antigenic epitope in the development of multiple antigenic pep-tide ( MAP) vaccines against Leptospira infection.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether AN69 ST membrane would prolong filter lifetime in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) without anticoagulation in patients with high risk of bleeding.Methods A single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind control trial with crossover design was conducted. From March 1st to December 31st in 2013, patients who were admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University meeting CRRT treatment indications, but could not receive systemic anticoagulation because of high risk of bleeding were studied. The selected patients were randomly divided into two groups according to a random number table, and four filters consisting of two AN69 ST100 membrane filters (A) and two traditional AN69 M100 membrane filters (B) were used for them. GroupⅠ with the filter order of A-B-A-B, and groupⅡ with the order of B-A-B-A. The clinical data of patients was recorded in detail, and conventional AN69 ST and AN69 membrane filter lifetime, their influence on coagulability, and the incidence of bleeding complications were compared.Results Seventeen patients were enrolled, with 10 in groupⅠ, and 7 in groupⅡ. The basic medical characteristics including gender, age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APAECHⅡ) score, sequential organ failure score (SOFA), Acute Renal Injury Network (AKIN) stage, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), platelet count (PLT), and use of mechanical ventilation were not significantly different between two groups. But the use of vasoactive drug was more frequent in groupⅡcompared with that of groupⅠ[100.0% (7/7) vs. 30.0% (3/10),χ2 = 8.330,P = 0.010]. AN69 ST filter lifetime (n =34) was (15.92±2.10) hours, there was no statistically significant difference compared with that of AN69 membrane (t = 0.088,P = 0.942), filter lifetime of which (n = 34) was (16.12±1.38) hours. It was also found by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis that there was no significant difference between the two membrane filter lifetime (χ2=1.589,P =0.208). Logistic regression analysis showed that the life of the first filter was not correlated with coagulation indicators, including APTT, PT, INR, and PLT [APTT: odds ratio (OR) = 0.977, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.892-1.071, P = 0.623; PT:OR = 1.001, 95%CI = 0.901-1.109,P = 0.988; INR:OR = 1.078, 95%CI = 0.348-3.340,P = 0.896;PLT:OR = 0.996, 95%CI = 0.974-1.019,P = 0.735]. The application rate of vasoactive drugs, which was different between two groups for basic medical indications showed no effect on filter life time (OR = 2.541, 95%CI = 0.239-26.955,P = 0.439). Reasons of clotting in filters were also analyzed, and it was found that blood coagulation in the filter ranked the top (88.2%), and the other reasons were catheter-related problems, death, and unscheduled transport. No difference in blood coagulation function was found in both groups after treatment for 12 hours, and there was no bleeding complication.ConclusionDuring the CRRT without systemic anticoagulant, both surface-treatment with polyethyleneimine AN69 and AN69 ST membrane cannot prolong filter lifetime.

Background and purpose:High mobility group 1 (HMGB1), frequently found to be over-expressed in many human tumors, plays an important role in tumor progress and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of HMGB1 promoting A549 cell metastasis.Methods:A549 cells were untreated or treated with HMGB1 (200 ng/mL) in absence or presence of NF-κB inhibitors 6-amino-4-quinazoline (QNZ, 40 nmol/L) or Bortezomib (Bort, 20 nmol/L). Scratch assay and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate A549 cells migration and invasion ability. The activity of NF-κB was examined by luciferase reporter assay. NF-κBp65 and αvβ3 expressions were detected by Real-time RT-PCR or Western blot.Results:HMGB1 increased A549 cells migration and invasion ability. HMGB1 enhanced NF-κB protein level and NF-κB activity in A549 cells. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot showed that HMGB1 up-regulated αvβ3 expression in A549 cells. NF-κB inhibitors QNZ or Bort reserved the promot-ing effects of HMGB1 on A549 cells migration and invasion, NF-κB expression and activity as well as αvβ3 expression. Conclusion:HMGB1 promotes A549 cell migration and invasion through activating NF-κB and up-regulating αvβ3.

Objective To establish a flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test for the rapid de-tection of antifungal susceptibility or resistance of Candida isolates.Methods The gate selection and opti-mal experimental conditions of flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test were determined by using Candi-da albicans strain ATCC90029 as the test strain and propidium iodide ( PI) as the fluorescent dye .The es-tablished flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test was used to detect the susceptibility or resistance to fluconazole or voriconazole of 110 isolates belonging to Candida species, and the obtained results were com-pared with those by using typical M 27-A3 constant dilution method .Results The killed and viable Candida albicans ATCC90029 strains were clearly divided into two groups on the figure of SS /log (FL3) by regulating voltages.There was a high correlation between the results of susceptibility test and the proportions of killed and viable fungi in mixture (r=0.999).The flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test could provide the results within 30 min and its optimal concentration of fungal suspension , time of drug-fungus incubation , dyeing method and time were 1.0×106/ml, 3 h incubation and sodium deoxycholate-pretreated plus PI dye-ing for 5 min, respectively .The total coincident rates between the established test and the constant dilution method were 98.2%and 87.3%in the detection of drug susceptibility of 110 fungal isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole .Conclusion The flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test shows advantages of rapidi-ty, accuracy and high sensitivity compared with the constant dilution method .It has a great potential for clin-ical application .