·To improve the effect of glaucoma filtration operation in reducing intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , it’s important to prevent and inhibit fibrotic scar formation during and after operation.This paper focuses on the current and future possible means for modulation of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery, mainly including series of medications ( antimetabolites, anti-inflammation drugs, antigrowth factor drugs, drugs acting on cell signal pathways, etc.) , new drug delivery system and other technologies. This article also discusses the future orientation in this field.

Background The extraocular muscles (EOMs) Pulley is considered as the functional origins of the recti EOMs,it is determinants of ocular motility.Objective The structure of the connective tissue around EOMs in cat was studied,and the role of EOMs Pulley to ocular movement was investigated.Methods Five adult cats were involved.The gross anatomy of an orbit in each cat was observed.The other orbit was processed with paraffin imbedding and coronal serial sections.A murine monocolonal antibody to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was used to show smooth muscle,while Masson trichrome stain was used to show muscle and collagen,and Weigert stain to show elastin.Results An encircling ring of collagen circled EOM was thin and connected to the orbital layer of muscle fiber loosely.Less elastin fibers and little smooth muscle cells were embedded in the collagen ring and connective band.Collagen ring around medial rectus and the connective band between medial rectus and inferior rectus was not more significantly developed than other bands.Conclusions The connective tissue around EOMs in cat may be related to its function of ocular movement,which is not developed.

Objective To determine the median effective dose(ED50)of etomidate inhibiting responses to endotracheal intubation when combined with dexmedetomidine in the patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with obstructive jaundice,aged 45-63 yr,with body mass index of 18-30kg/m2,scheduled for elective operations under general anesthesia,were divided into control group(group C)and dexmedetomidine group(group D)using a random number table. At 15min before induction of anesthesia,normal saline 0.1 ml/kg was infused intravenously in group C,and dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg was infused intravenously in group D. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg,fentanyl 4 μg/kg,etomidate and cisatracurium 0.15 mg/kg. The ED50 of etomidate was determined using Dixon′s up-and-down method. Etomidate was injected intravenously at the initial dose of 0.2 mg/kg in the first patient in each group. Each time the dose increased/decreased in the next patient according to whether or not the increase in mean arterial pressure and/or heart rate ≥ 20% of the baseline value within 3min after endotracheal intubation. The ratio between the two successive doses was 1.1. The number of patients in whom inhibition was effective or ineffective was recorded,and the ED50 and 95% confidence interval of etomidate inhibiting responses to intubation were calculated using Probit analysis. Results The ED50 (95% confidence interval)of etomidate inhibiting responses to intubation was 0.185(0.162-0.201)mg/kg in group C,the ED50(95% confidence interval)of etomidate inhibiting responses to intubation was 0.129(0.093-0.143)mg/kg in group D,and there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion When combined with dexmedetomidine,the ED50 of etomidate inhibiting responses to endotracheal intubation is 0.129 mg/kg in the patients with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To sum up the experience of position nursing of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and severe kyphosis. Methods Eleven patients with ankylosing spondylitis and severe kyphosis underwent surgery. The patients′spine and head were kept in a line during anesthesia to avoid spinal cord injury. The eye mask was used to make sure the eyelid close, so the bulbar conjunctiva and corneal did become dry. The angle of operation bed in time during operation was adjusted. The crushed area was observed and the position was changed to avoid pressure sores and edema. After surgery, they were keep inactive to make sure the spine stable and relieve the pressure. Results The 11 patients′surgery were successful. There were no pressure ulcer, fracture, spinal cord injury or eye injury occurs. The operation time was 9.3 ± 2.9 h. Conclusion Position nursing is very important to improve the success rate of surgery and reduce complications.

Objective To propose an accurate method of noninvasive determination of central venous pressure(CVP ) by locating the central point of right atrium (RA ) using echocardiography .Methods Through the 3D reconstruction ,the accurate positions of RA of 30 patients who had been examined by multislice 3‐dimensional computed tomography for chest imaging were recorded .Based on solid geometric principles ,the central point in RA was located by echocardiography and then compared with CT‐location point .The accuracy and feasibility were assessed by absolute distance (Da) ,vertical distance (Dv) and the whole time of location (T) between the two points .Results Mean Da ,Dv and T of the whole subjects were 07.6cm(95% CI:06.2to08.1cm),01.6cm(95% CI:-00.2to03.4cm),and438.0s(95% CI:400.1to 47 4.0 s) ,respectively .Conclusions The echocardiographic method on the basis of solid geometry proposed in this study could be used to locate the central point in RA accurately and simply .Thus it would be helpful to improve the accuracy of noninvasive determination of central venous pressure .

Adult ; Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Chondroblastoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Talus ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of fluvastatin (FLV) on the expression of β1 integrin in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated podocytes and its mechanism.Methods Cultured human podocytes were divided into PAN,different concentrations of fluvastatin (1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L),SOD,H2O21 groups respectively.Expressions of β1 integrin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in podocytes were detected by Western blotting and DCFHDA (2' 7'-Dichlorofluoresecein 3' 6'-diacetate) respectively.The viability of podocyte was determined by MTT colorimetry.Results PAN and H2O2 significantly decreased the expression of β1 integrin and increased the synthesis of ROS in podocytes (P＜0.05respectively).Lower concentration fluvastatin or SOD treatment up-regulated β1 integrin and downregulated ROS of podocytes induced by PAN (P＜0.05 respectively).MTT revealed that lower podocyte viability was found in higher concentration fluvastatin,PAN and H2O2 groups.Lower concentration fluvastatin and SOD could protect podocytes against PAN.Conclusion Fluvastatin attenuates the injury of podocyte induced by PAN and increases the expression of β1 integrin,whose mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the ROS activity.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of fluvastatin on the expression of fibronectin(FN) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) induced by high-glucose peritoneal dialysate (HGPDS).Methods Cultured HPMCs were randomly divided into control,HGPDS,HGPDS plus GSK650394 10-5 mol/L (the competitive inhibitor of SGK1),different concentrations of fluvastatin,fluvastatin 10-6 mol/L and GSK650394 10-5 mol/L alone.The morphology change of HPMC was observed by light microscopy.The cellular viability was detected by MTT colorimetry.The mRNA and protein expressions of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and FN were detected by RT-PCR,Western blotting or ELISA.Results After incubation with HGPDS,the cell morphology changed from typical cobblestone-like appearance to fibroblast-like appearance,and the cell viability was inhibited significantly (P＜0.05).Fluvastatin 10-6mol/L and GSK650394 could improved the cell morphology and the cell viability injured by HGPDS (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA and protein expressions of SGK1 and FN increased significantly in HPMC treated with HGPDS(P＜0.05).GSK650394 significantly decreased the high expression of SGK1 and FN (P＜0.05),also the fluvastatin had same effects as GSK650394 in dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Conclusions High-glucose peritoneal dialysate can increase FN expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells,which can be attenuated by fluvastatin.The protective role of fluvastatin in HPMC may be partially achieved through the signal pathway of SGK1.

Implant surface modified coating can improve its osteoinductivity, about which simple calcium phosphate coating has been extensively studied. But it has slow osteointegration speed and poor antibacterial property, while other metal ions added, such as nano zinc ion, can compensate for these deficiencies. This paper describes the incorporation form, the effect on physical and chemical properties of the material and the antibacterial property of nano zinc, and summarizes the material's biological property given by calcium ion, zinc ion and inorganic phosphate (Pi), mainly focusing on the influence of these three inorganic ions on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis and matrix mineralization in order to present the positive function of zinc doped calcium phosphate in the field of bone formation.
Biocompatible Materials ; Calcium ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Ions ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Osteogenesis ; Phosphates ; chemistry ; Zinc ; chemistry