Biomedical Research ; standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research Design ; standards

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Chang'an No. I Recipe (CA) on 5-hydroxytryptamine signal system and mRNA expression levels of hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in visceral hypersensitivity model rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

METHODSIBS visceral hypersensitivity rat models were established by combined chronic restraint stress and forced swimming. Successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Dicetelgroup (27 mg/kg) , the Fluoxetine group (3.6 mg/kg), the high dose CA group (22.6 mg/kg), the medium dose CA group (11.3 mg/kg), and the low dose CA group (5.7 mg/kg) according to body weight, 9 in each group. Besides, a normal control group with 10 rats was set up. Corresponding medication was administered to rats in each treatment group. Equal volume of physiological saline was administered to rats in the model group by gastrogavage. All medication was performed once per day for a total of 14 days. Pain threshold was determined by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR). Changes of colon 5-HT levels were determined by immunohistochemical assay. mRNA expression levels of hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1a) and BDNF were detected by immunofluorescent RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group before treatment, pain threshold was obviously lowered in proctectasia rats of each group (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal control group after treatment, pain threshold was obviously lowered in rats of the model group; colon 5-HT levels, mRNA expression levels of hippocampal 5-HT1a and BDNF were obviously elevated (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, pain threshold was obviously elevated in the Fluoxetine group and all CA groups; colon 5-HT levels were obviously reduced in the Dicetel group, high and medium dose CA groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); mRNA expression levels of hippocampal 5-HT1a and BDNF were obviously reduced in each CA group (P < 0.01); mRNA expression levels of hippocampal BDNF were obviously reduced in the Fluoxetine group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe target points of CA were involved in brain and gut. CA could reduce pain threshold of proctectasia rats, down-regulate colon mucosal 5-HT levels, and lower mRNA expression levels of BDNF and 5-HT1a in rat hippocampus.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hippocampus ; Hypersensitivity ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; metabolism

Syndrome differentiation is a key feature of Chinese medicine (CM) system. With CM receiving more and more attention from the mainstream medical systems, researchers from both traditional medical systems and the Western medical system are putting more effort into studying why and how the CM system works, particularly about CM syndromes. This paper reviews the current status of syndrome study and its future development. The major aspects include: (1) Usage of syndrome differentiation in clinical practice; (2) Formalization of syndrome diagnostic criteria; (3) Evidence-based determination of the common syndrome(s) of a disease; (4) Systems biology study of syndromes; and (5) Usage of syndrome in randomized controlled trials. It is expected to integrate the syndrome concept into the main stream medical system, in terms of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Syndrome

Being the unique core of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pattern classification exerts a direct effect on the efficacy and safety of herbal interventions. In this article, the authors integrated the pattern classification and disease diagnosis with many approaches from systems biology. Integration of pattern classification with biomedical diagnosis by systems biology is not only a new direction of personalized medicine development, but also provides a new drug development model. In the further study, the pattern classifications of major diseases will be the focus of research.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Precision Medicine ; Systems Biology

Objective To understand the current status of the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in the southwestern area of Shandong province. Methods In 2007, the progress of water-improving defluoridation, the operating state and water fluoride content of the water-improving project, which was determined by fluorosis selective ion electrode, and the inhabitant related indexes of endemic fluorosis were extensively surveyed in the three main fluorosis counties-Jiaxiang, Yuncbeng and Liangshan of the southwestern area of Shandong province. Results Among 1371 fluorosis villages in the 3 counties, 53.61%(735/1371) of which had undergone water-improving defluoridation, the rate in Jiaxiang, Yuncheng and Liangshan being 38.0% (220/579),65.51% (378/577) and 63.72% ( 137/215 ) respectively; the normally functioning rate of this project was 76.73% (564/735), projects out of order accounted for 23.27% (171/735). Among 263 well-functioning projects from the three counties, the rate with water fluoride higher than 1.0 mg/L was 35.36%(93/263), the maximum value being 4.17 mg/L. The urine fluoride content of 440 children aged 8 - 12 years and 484 adults over 30 years old were examined in 13 fluorosis villages of the three counties, the geometric mean was 2.98,3.06 mg/L respectively; the individual maximum was 12.83,14.49 mg/L respectively; the detectable rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 - 12 was 84.28% (649/770) ,17.66%(136/770) had defect and the index of dental fluorosis was 1.89; the rates of the clinical and X-ray skeletal fluorosis of the adults aged more than 30 were 44.40%(234/527) and 24.67%(130/527) respectively, and the abnormal electrocardiography rate was 32.43% (168/518) in the adult, mostly T-wave abnormality. Conclusions The progress of the water-improving defluoridation in the southwestern area of Shandong province was relatively slow, the water fluoride content of the water-improving projects seriously exceeded standard, and the condition of the fluorosis had not been effectively controlled.

Objective To understand the fulfillment of control measures of endemic fluorosis and find out the prevalent trend of this disease in Shandong Province from 1992 to 2006 in order to provide a scientific basis for the set up of control strategies. Methods According to "the National Survey Scheme of Endemic fluorosis", Huantai County in 1992-1996 and Liaagshan County in 1997-2006 were selected, where water-improving defluoridation and the contents of water fluoride were searched in two counties; dental fluorosis and urine fluoride in children aged 8-12 years old, clinical and X-ray skeletal fluorosis in adult over 16 years old were searched respectively in Lijia Village of Huantai County and Dongxu Village of Liangshan County. Results One hundred percent(304/304) high-fluoride villages of Huantai County in 1992 and 63.72% (137/215) villages of Liangshan County in 2006 had finished the project of water-improving defluoridation; the rate of high-fluorine water(>1.0 mg/L) in normal operation projects was 5.00%(5/100)-17.14%(18/105) in Huantai County from 1992 to 1996, and 18.97%(11/58)-45.61%(26/57) in Liangshan County from 1997 to 2006. The water fluoride of Lijia Village was<1.0 mg/L from 1992 to 1996, the water fluoride of Dongxu Village was<0.5 mg/L from 1997 to 2006. The detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years at Lijia Village dropped from 30.86%(25/81) in 1992 to 10.13%(8/79) in 1996(χ2=12.41, P<0.05), and the Dongxu Village dropped from 68.95%(151/219) in 1997 to 0(0/38) in 2006(χ2=222.04, P<0.01). In the Lijia and Dongxu Villages, urine fluoride in children aged 8-12 years old was lower than 1.40 mg/L. In the adults over 16 years of the two villages, the positive rate of X-ray skeletal fluorosis of Lijia Village dropped from 30.0%(15/50) in 1992 to 13.95%(6/43) in 1996(χ2=3.41, P>0.05), and all the cases were in degree I, the rate of Dongxu Village dropped from 64.58%(31/48) in 1997 to 16.67% (4/24) in 2006(χ2=14.71, P<0.01), and no eases of degrees Ⅲ was detected. Conclusions The progress of water defluoridation was uneven in 2 counties, slow in Liangshan County; and the water fluoride in part of the project exceeded standard; the water fluorid of 2 surveyed villages was normal and the endemic fluorosis was under control. More financial input is requested to accelerate the process of water defluoridation and to reinforce the management of the projects and illness monitoring, thus to reduce the harm of fluorosis to the limit.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Spleen Aminopeptide Oral Lyophilized Powder on mycoplasma pneumonia in children and its influence in immune function.Methods Totally 103 cases of children infected with mycoplasma pneumonia from May 2013 to June 2016 were selected and divided into observation group and control group,with 53 cases in each group.The control group were treated with azithromycin,and observation group were treated with azithromycin combined with Spleen Aminopeptide Oral Lyophilized Powder.The clinical effect,T cell subgroup (CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) levels,serum cytokine levels (IL-10,IL-17,TGF-β1) and safty were compared.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.39％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group of 79.25％ (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ in two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of CD4+,CD4+/CD8+ in observation were higher than those in control group significantly (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of CD8+,IL-10,IL-17,TGF-β1 in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and those indexes in observation were lower than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Azithromycin combined with Spleen Aminopeptide Oral Lyophilized Powder has remarkable clinical effect on mycoplasma pneumonia in children,which is cecurity and reliable,and can improve the cellular immune function and reduce the immune injury.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of using enriched bone marrow (BM) compound with fibrin glue (FG) in repairing old radial bone defect.

METHODSTotally 36 New Zealand rabbits were equally randomized into three groups: simple FG group, BM+FG group, and enriched BM+FG group. A 1.5-cm segmental bone defect was made at the left radial in each animal. After one month, the defect was implanted with the engineered bone. Before implantation, a compound of enriched BM with FG underwent electron microscopy, long-term culture, and bacteriological culture. Four, 8, and 12 weeks after operations, the osteogenetic effect was evaluated using X-ray observation, HE staining, or Van Gieson staining, and a semi-quantitative analysis was performed.

RESULTSElectron microscopy showed enriched BM were compatible well with FG. No bacterial contamination or oncogenicity was observed after long-term culture. X-ray showed the repair effectiveness was significantly higher in BM+FG group and enriched BM+FG group than in simple FG group. Eight and 12 weeks after surgery, the Yang scores were significantly higher in enriched BM+FG group than in BM+FG group [(9.348±0.364évs.(7.984±0.229éìF=40.167ìP=0.001; (12.664±0.388)vs. (10.584±0.836é, F=20.3647ìP=0.004]. In addition, the Yang's scores at bone defects in BM+FG group and enriched BM+FG group were higher at the 12(th) week than in the 8(th) week. (F=36.004ìP=0.001; F=155.141ìP=0.000; respectively)The bone defects were repaired at varied degrees were histologically observed in BM+FG group and enriched BM+FG group during the observations.

CONCLUSIONImplantation of BM+FG or enriched BM+FG are effective in repairing old radial bone defects, while simple FG shows not such effect.

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Substitutes ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Male ; Rabbits ; Radius ; injuries ; surgery ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complete remission (CR) rate, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with HA based three drugs induction chemotherapy and to explore the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on the prognosis.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty-three untreated de novo AML patients were treated with HA based three drugs induction therapy. CR rate, DFS and OS were calculated. One hundred and eighty-four patients who had karyotype results were divided into four or three groups according to SWOG or MRC criteria respectively. Differences in CR rate, DFS and OS among different groups were evaluated.

RESULTSThe CR rate of all the 243 cases was 77.4%. The median DFS of the 188 CR patients was 28.5 (ranged from 1.0 to 153.0) months, DFS rates at 3 and 5 years were 45.4% and 40.2% respectively. The median OS of the 243 patients was 18.4 (range from 0.5 to 154.0) months. OS rates at 3 and 5 years were 36.9% and 31.4% respectively. According to SWOG criteria, CR rate, median DFS and OS were 97.8%, 87.4 months and 89.0 months for the favorable group; 81.9%, 17.6 months and 22.3 months for the intermediate group; 61.5%, 9 months and 11.5 months for the adverse group; and 79.3%, 29.0 months, 19.9 months for the unknown group, respectively. The differences among the four groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). According to MRC criteria, CR rate, median DFS and OS were 96.1%, 79.9 months, 72.2 months for the favorable group; 80%, 17.6 months, 19.7 months for the intermediate group; and 43.8%, 16.5 months, 12 months for the adverse group, respectively. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant excepting for DFS between intermediate and adverse groups.

CONCLUSIONSHA based triple-drug induction regimens are highly effective in obtaining higher CR rate and longer survival time. Cytogenetics is the important prognostic factor for AML patients and SWOG karyotype subtyping criteria is more appropriate than that of MRC, the differences among the three groups being statistically significant.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Harringtonines ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome