With the increasing trade amount of herbal medicine over the world,many foreign countries took non-tariff barriers such as technical regulations,technical standard and conformity assessment procedures,of which the most far-reaching impact of green trade barriers on the export of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the three green trade barriers faced by the traditional Chinese medicine assessing international markets,and summarized the impacts of green trade barriers on the export of traditional Chinese medicine from the two aspects of positive and negative.In the end of this study,we came up with some strategies to deal with green trade barriers:to promote the establishment of standard system; to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products; to implement green production; to cultivate environmental awareness; to pursue international certification; and to enhance corporate brand image.

We overviewed the policies and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine of main Asian countries and summarized current situation of policies and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine in Asian markets.After in-depth analysis,we found that the opportunities lied in high public awareness,some Asian countries establishing special traditional medicine management agencies,special Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan and South Korea,and high degree of acupuncture legalization.At the same time,traditional Chinese medicine also faced with the challenges such as strict technical standard and TBT barriers.In the end of this paper,we came up with some development countermeasures when traditional Chinese medicine accessing Asian markets,such as improving technical standards,establishing an anti-technical barriers to trade service system,encouraging technological innovation,and strengthening domestic and international exchanges and cooperation.

By taking the course of laboratory hematology in Curtin University in Australia as an ex-ample, this paper introduced the characteristics of its teaching mode, teaching contents, teaching methods, assessment methods and laboratory practice. The advantages and disadvantages of education characteristics between Australia and China were compared and analyzed on the training methods and the training objec-tives, respectively. The education characteristics of laboratory hematology in Curtin University provided an important inspiration for our education reform in the field of medical laboratory in the future.

Objective To observe the anatomical and histological features of anterolateral ligament (ALL)in the knee of Chinese adults,so as to identify the existence of ALL and provide an anatomical foundation for clinical reconstruction.Methods Ten adult knee specimens were randomly selected to be dissected,and the femoral,tibial and meniscus attachment points of the ALL were observed.The length,width and thickness were measured using the vernier caliper after the dissection.Three specimens were subjected to histological staining in the end.Results (1)ALL originated from the lateral femoral condyle—the same point of the lateral collateral ligament femoral side or the distal-anterior side,with its body divided into two branches,located in the tibia and the lateral meniscus respectively.The starting point of tibial side ALL was located at the mid-point of Gerdy's tubercle to fibula head,below tibial cartilage edge,with the meniscus point located in the lateral meniscus anterior horn and body junction area.(2) The average length of ALL is 38.89 ± 4.67 mm.The width in the femur,tibial attachment point was fan-shaped spread connected with sclerotin,being the narrowest at the joint line.The width at the femur,tibial attachment point and the joint line was 8.49 ± 1.36 mm,8.15 ± 1.38 mm and 6.49 ± 1.09 mm respectively,with the thickness of 1.33 ± 0.38 mm.The distance from tibia attachment points to the Gerdy's tubercle,fibular head and tibia cartilage margin was 22.59 ± 3.04 mm,21.15 ± 2.78 mm and 5.76 ± 0.57 mm respectively.(3) HE staining showed that ALL was dense connective tissue consisting of parallel arranged collagen fibers,while S-100 staining indicated that ALL contained sensory motor nerve fibers.Conclusion ALL is independent of the joint capsule and originates from the femoral lateral condyle.Its body is divided into two branches,located in the tibia and the lateral meniscus respectively.

Object To study the chemical constituents in the lipophilic portion of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F H Chen Methods Through monitoring each fraction based on antimicrobial experiment of Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, the constituents were isolated on silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC, and the chemical structures were identified by means of spectral data (IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC) Results Three compounds were isolated from its petroleum ether extract and identified as: panaxynol (Ⅰ), panaxydol (Ⅱ), and ? sitosterol (Ⅲ) Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅱ having strong antimicrobial activity against S aureus were obtained from this plant with the yields of 0.01% and 0.033%

?AIM: To study correcting effect and visual quality after laser - assisted in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) with femtosecond and posterior chamber intraocular lens ( ICL) implantation in high myopia patients.?METHODS: Fifty-five patients ( 106 eyes ) with high myopia from February 2012 to February 2015 in our hospital were analyzed. According to the different operation, patients were divided into the observation group( using ICL implantation, 27 cases with 53 eyes) and the control group (using LASIK, 28 cases with 53 eyes). Postoperative follow-up was 1a, to observe and analyze the visual quality, higher order aberration and complications of two groups.?RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , effectiveness index and security index at 1a postoperatively of observation group, were 1. 04±0. 86(LogMAR), 0. 97±0. 19(LogMAR), 104. 69± 18. 56, 108. 79 ± 17. 68, significantly higher than those of control group 0. 78 ± 0. 11 ( LogMAR ), 1. 04 ± 0. 09 (LogMAR), 93.78±15. 65, 100. 71±11. 68 (P<0. 05). And observation group in the two kinds of light and shade environment at various spatial frequency contrast sensitivity were higher than the control group. Those under the light environment at 1. 5, 3, 6, 12 c/d and under dark environment at 1. 5, 3, 6, 18 c/d compared were different between the two groups (P<0. 05). Spherical aberration and comatic aberration of observation group at 1a after operation were lower than those of control group (P<0. 05 ). The difference of trefoil between the two groups was not significant ( P > 0. 05 ). No severe complications were observed in both groups.?CONCLUSION: LASIK with femtosecond and ICL lens implantation can effectively improve the patient’s visual quality, but for patients with high myopia, ICL lens implantation effect is more significant, the safety index of ICL implantation, as well as the effectiveness index and the visual quality are better than those of LASIK.

As a kind of additive in feed of monogastric animals, the application of natural phytase is limited due to its disadvantages. In this paper, the strategies of phytse reform was introduced. Furthermore, the research and progress on protein engineering of feed phytase was reviewed, including phytase over-expression, phytase thermostability, catalytic efficiency and optimum pH.

Objectives To assess the effect of nicorandil and trimetazidine on myocardial microcirculation reperfusion in patients with NSTEMI after elective PCI. Methods 80 patients with NSTEMI were randomly assigned to four groups: normal medicine group (CON), nicorandil group (NIC), trimetazidine group (TMZ) and Combination group (NIC+TMZ). The coronary angiography and PCI were performed after 10 days. MCE was taken since 72 hours after operation. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the four groups (P > 0.05). The A, β and A ·β of group NIC were significantly higher than group CON (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the group TMZ and the group CON (P>0.05). The A,βand A·βof group NIC+TMZ were significantly higher than group NIC or TMZ (P<0.05). Conclusions Nicorandil can improve the situation of myocardial reperfusion after elective PCI in patients with NSTEMI, and it has some synergetic effect when combined with trimetazidine.

Objective To explore the mutation of androgen receptor(AR)gene in a patient with 46,XY disorder of sex development(DSD)and to improve the diagnostic level and understanding of androgen insensitivity syndrome(AIS).Methods The clinical data of the child was analyzed,including physical examination,relevant laboratory examination,karyotype,pelvic B ultrasound,pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and AR gene mutation.The peripheral blood of the child and his parents were drawn,and peripheral blood DNA was extracted.The polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-DNA sequencing method was used to amplify all exons of the AR gene in the child and his parents.Then,they were directly sequenced.Results A 7-years and 2-months old child who suffered from DSD,revealed physical examination that the child had normal female external genitalia,as the clitoris length was 2.0 cm×0.8 cm,with visible vaginal opening,and there were masses at bilateral inguinal region,with a size of 1.5 cm×0.8 cm.The results of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)stimulation test:testosterone was 0 nmol/L,androstenedione was 1.78 nmol/L,dihydrotestosterone was 0.07 nmol/L before HCG was injected;but testosterone was 4.69 nmol/L,androstenedione was 2.10 nmol/L,dihydrotestosterone was 0.33 nmol/L after HCG was injection.Sex chromosome analysis reported 46,XY karyotype.Pelvic B ultrasound revealed the absence of a uterus and ovaries and the presence of bilateral testes like gonad at each side of internal inguinal ring,with a size of 1.4 cm×1.0 cm×0.8 cm in the left,1.5 cm×0.7 cm×0.8 cm in the right;but the kidney,ureter,urinary bladder,adrenal gland and retroperitoneal for B ultrasound revealed no abnormality.Pelvic MRI(non-enhanced and enhanced)showed the presence of a blind ending vagina between rectum and urinary bladder(40 mm in depth)and the absence of uterus and ovarian tissue.DNA sequencing found one c.1685T>C heterozygous mutation(p.Ile562Thr)on exon 2 of AR gene in the child.But retrieving and summarzing documents of the domestic and foreign information databases and websites,the locus mutation of AR gene had never been reported.The structure prediction of the mutated protein(Polyohen2 and SIFT software)was significantly changed.By verifying the locus site of the parents of this child,it was found that his mother carried the same mutation,but his father was found to be normal.Conclusions A c.1685 T>C mutation(p.Ile562Thr)on exon 2 of AR gene is a novel mutation.Combined with the patient's clinical manifestations and computer prediction results,it may suggest that the novel mutation of AR gene can lead to the occurrence of AIS.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E(Apo E) gene poly-morphism and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and e-valuate the correlative risk factors. Method 40 cases of type 2 diabetes with MCI and 80 cases of type 2 diabetes without MCI were enrolled in this study. The polymorphism of the Apo E gene was detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). According to the clinical data such as course of disease, plasma glucose, plasma fat and body mass index (BMI), the independent risk factors of T2DM and MCI were analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression. Results The frequency of Apo E ε_4 allele in the group of type 2 diabetes with MCI was higher than that without MCI ( 25.0% vs 10. 0% ), and the difference had statistical significance( P < 0. 01 ). The indexes of the statistical significant difference be-twcen the two groups were age, course of disease, postprandial blood glucose ( P2BG), HBA1C, BMI,family history of T2DM, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, Apo E gene. The independent risk factors included diabetic retinopathy ( OR = 3. 452, P < 0. 05 ), diabetic peripheral neuropathy( OR = 3. 252, P <0. 05), Ape E gene( OR = 2. 441, P < 0.01 ), HBA1C ( OR = 1. 372, P <0.05), P2BG(OR = 1. 194, P <0.05), age(OR = 1. 194, P <0.01) and course of disease(OR =1. 142, P <0. 05). Conclusion Apo E ε_4 allele has significant relationship with T2DM and MCI. The age, course of disease, control of plasma glucose, and microvascular complication of diabetes have relation-ship with the cognitive function.