Objective To study the relationship between microalbuminuria and inflammation media of C-reactive protein(CRP) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in type 2 diabetes mellitus,and to explore the clinical significance.(Methods)Ninety-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 3 groups according to the urine albumin excretion rate(UAER): normal albuminuria group(NA),microalbuminuria group(MA) and clinical proteinuria group(CP).The serum levels of CRP,IL-6,fasting plasma glucose,creatinine and fasting insulin were measured in all the cases. Results The levels of CRP and IL-6 in MA group were significantly higher than those in NA group(P

Gallstone ileus is a rare and potentially serious complication of cholelithiasis.Its clinical symptoms are nonspecific.From March 2005 to September 2012,19 patients with gallstone ileus confirmed by surgery or endoscopy were admitted to the Pudong New Area People's Hospital.The accuracies of X-ray,uhrasonography,CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were 0/10,0/5,19/19 and 9/9,respectively.CT examination might be the first choice for diagnosing gallstone ileus ; the classical computed tomography (CT) presentation of gallstone ileus was the Rigler triad,including pneumobilia,ectopic stone and mechanical ileus; MRI examination was superior to CT examination in exposing the fistula,and can provide abundant information,which is important for designing the surgical procedures and judging the prognosis; X-ray and ultrasonography are beneficial in screening the diseases.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms among children aged 0-14 years in three Chinese cities and to obtain a crude estimation of the trend of childhood asthma prevalence in China.

METHODSA cross-sectional, population-based survey of prevalence of asthma was conducted in children aged from 0 to 14 years in 3 major cities of China (Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou) with different geographic locations. All the subjects were randomly selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Three to five schools and kindergartens in 2 urban districts in each city were randomly selected for the survey, and a validated questionnaire that included the core questions of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Phase III questionnaire and several additional questions were used. All questionnaires were completed by parents or guardians of the selected children. Children whose parents responded affirmatively to the question "Has your child ever been diagnosed as asthma by a doctor" were recognized as victims of asthma.

RESULTSThe prevalence of asthma in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou was 3.15%, 7.45%, and 2.09%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained 10 years ago in the national epidemiological survey in 2000 which used the same method of investigation and the same diagnotic criteria (χ²=3.938, P=0.047; χ²=73.506, P≤0.001; χ²=11.956, P=0.001, in each city). Of the asthmatic children 57.21%, 69.91%, and 60.00% had their first attack before the age of 3 in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, respectively. Wheezing was the primary clinical manifestation for all asthmatic children, followed by persistent cough and repeated respiratory infections. Both the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms were statistically higher in males than in females.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of childhood asthma is statistically higher than that 10 years ago in the three Chinese cities.

Asthma ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Flow Cytometry* ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes*

Objective To understand the status quo of health resource allocation of medical institutions in poverty-stricken areas, and to provide decision-making basis for rationalizing health and poverty alleviation policies and improving the overall service capacity of medical institutions in poverty-stricken areas. Me thods The overall institutions, bed capacity and staffs in medical institutions in 680 poor counties were analyzed. Re s ults The proportion of government health expenditure in 14 concentrated areas was lower than 15％. The largest number of health institutions was 349 in the Dabie Mountains and 70 in Tibet, and the number of beds was lower than the national average level of 5.11.The largest number of health technical staff for 1 000 people of the four provinces is 4.42 people, the smallest number is 2.72 in Wumeng mountain area;the registered nurses (number) for 1 000 people is up to 1.56 people in the Luo Xia mountain area, the lowest Tibet, only 0.39 people. Thousands of population practice (assistant) physician number of Tibetans is up to 2.98 people, the lowest is 1.07 for the Xinjiang Southern Xinjiang three states; health care than the lowest in Tibet 1:0.54. Conclus ion At present, China's centralized contiguous poverty-stricken areas of county-level medical institutions is extremely short of resources, and the health resource allocation is uneven.

Objective To investigate the nearly and long-term effect of exenatide in obese adolescents with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods A total of 92 cases of obese adolescents with abnormal glucose metabolism were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in the control group (45 cases) were treated with metformin 0.5 g tid.And those in the trial group (47 cases) were treated with metformin 0.5 g tid com-bined with exenatide ih for 6 months.The data of body weight, waist circumference, body mass index ( BMI) , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) , 2-hour postprandial blood glucose ( 2 h PG ) , glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1 c ) , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP) , triglyceride ( TG) , total cholesterol ( TC) , high density lipopro-tein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as well as pancreatic β-cell function index ( HOMA-β) were determined before and after the treatment between two groups. The incidence rate of diabetes and hypertension were observed after three years in long-term study.Results There were significant decreases in the body weight,waist circumference and BMI in trial group ( P<0.01 ) .Compared with those in control group and themselves before treatment, there were significant decreases in 2h PG、HbA1c ( P <0.05 ) .The data of TC, LDL -C, TG were decreased in trial group (P<0.05).The SBP was significantly decreased in trial group, compared with those in con-trol group, there was statistical significant difference (P<0.05).The FINS, ISI, HOMA-IR were decreased in trial group while the HOMA-βwas increased ( P<0.01 ) , compared with those in control group and themselves before treatment, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Exenatide can significantly reduce body weight, improve endocrine metabolism and reduce the incidence of metabolic abnormalities disease caused by obesity.

OBJECTIVEIn recent years, the incidence of allergic diseases in China is increasing. With serious influence on the patients' quality of life and even life-threatening, now allergic diseases have become an important public health problem in our country. This survey aimed to obtain a general epidemic outline of children's major allergic diseases, i.e., childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in the downtown of Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou.

METHODChildhood asthma questionnaire was established by Delphi method based on guidelines for childhood asthma diagnosis and prevention made by Chinese medical association in 2008 with reference to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire (ISAAC). This study was carried out from Oct. 2008-Mar. 2009, in Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou by a multi-stage sampling method, covering a sample of 24 290 children aged 0 - 14 years by a multi-stage sampling method, the population of children surveyed in the downtown of Beijing Chongqing and Guangzhou was 10 372, 9874 and 4072 respectively; of whom males were 5545, 5258, 2159, and females were 4917, 4588, 1877; the ratio of males to females in the three cities were 1.11:1, 1.15:1, 1.15:1; the average age of surveyed children were 7.63, 8.74 and 8.30 years old. All the questionnaire was filled in by the parents of children or other guardian of children.

RESULTThe self-reported prevalence of asthma in Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou was 3.15%, 7.45%, 2.09%, the self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 14.46%, 20.42%, 7.83%, and the prevalence of eczema was 20.64%, 10.02%, 7.22%. In the survey, asthma combined with allergic rhinitis had the highest rate, 49.54%, 50.14%, 34.83%, respectively in the 3 cities. The self-reported prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in male than female. Besides, the self-reported prevalences of asthma and allergic rhinitis were relatively lower in children under 1 year and over 10 years of age.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema and other allergic diseases in children 0 - 14 years of age in the three cities gradually increased, and the prevalence of allergic diseases in Chongqing was relatively higher.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Eczema ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of Gastrosis No.1 compound in the treatment of functional dyspepsia with Spleen (Pi) and Stomach (Wei) deficiency-cold syndrome.

METHODSA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in 5 centers. Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) of Spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome (162 cases) were randomly assigned to groups given Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) Gastrosis No.1 compound or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. This trial included a 4-week treatment period and a 4-week follow-up period. The outcomes were the dyspepsia symptom scores (measured by total dyspepsia symptom scale and single dyspepsia symptom scale) and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine score (measured by traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scale). The outcomes were noted at weeks 0, 4 and 8.

RESULTSCompared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the CHM group showed significant improvement in the dyspepsia symptom scores as rated by patients and investigators (P <0.01), and also showed improvement in syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine score (P <0.01). No serious adverse event was reported. Safety tests obtained after 4 weeks of treatment showed no abnormal values.

CONCLUSIONCHM Gastrosis No.1 compound was effective and safe in the treatment of functional dyspepsia with Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold syndrome.

Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Placebos ; Spleen ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: The anti-apoptotic protein Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is a regulator of apoptosis linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and BI-1-/- mice exhibit increased sensitivity to tissue damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of BI-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression-like behaviors in BI-1-/- mice. METHODS: We delivered CMS for 2 or 6 weeks in BI-1-knockout and wild-type mice. Control groups of BI-1-knockout and wild-type mice were left undisturbed. The measured parameters were sucrose consumption at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, spontaneous locomotion, and a forced swimming test (FST) at weeks 2 and 6. RESULTS: Significant decreases in sucrose consumption and increases in immobility time in the FST were observed in both stress groups compared with the non-stress groups. Interestingly, at week 2, but not at week 6, BI-1-/--stress mice showed less sucrose intake and greater immobility time than did BI-1+/+-stress mice. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that BI-1 may play role in protecting against the depressogenic effects of CMS in the short term, but not in the long term. Further study is required to deepen understanding of the role of BI-1 in protecting against depression.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Depression ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Female ; Humans ; Indenes ; Locomotion ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity ; Sucrose ; Swimming

OBJECTIVE: Aripiprazole, a dopamine system stabilizer, shows efficacy against both negative symptoms and positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aripiprazole and haloperidol on c-FOS expression in rat brain. METHODS: Aripiprazole (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered to adult Male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 2 h of drug or vehicle administration, the rats were killed and their brains were removed and perfused with fixative, then cut into 40 microm slices on a freezing microtome. Brain regions of interest were the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the nucleus accumbens core and shell (NAC-C and NAC-S), the hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG), the central amygdala (Ce), the basolateral amygdala (BL) and the temporal cortex (Tc). Immunohistochemistry was performed to label cell bodies containing c-FOS. RESULTS: The administration of aripiprazole at all doses (1, 10 or 30 mg/kg) resulted in greater Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the investigated brain areas, as compared to the vehicle. Comparable increases in FLI were demonstrated in the NAC-C and NAC-S in response to both aripiprazole and haloperidol treatment. The administration of haloperidol (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) also resulted in greater FLI in the investigated brain areas, except the mPFC, where no changes were observed. In the Ce and BL, a significant increase in Fos-positive neurons was observed only with 0.1 mg/kg of haloperidol. CONCLUSION: Both aripiprazole and haloperidol increased FLI in limbic areas, which are considered important targets of antipsychotic drugs. The differential action of aripiprazole on FLI in the amygdala and mPFC as compared to haloperidol may be a good way to differentiate atypical from typical antipsychotics.
Adult ; Amygdala ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Dopamine ; Freezing ; Haloperidol ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurons ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Piperazines ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Quinolones ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schizophrenia ; Aripiprazole