Objective To study the effect of purified water on the neurobehavioral development of the offspring and the synergistic effect of the magnesium deficiency in food. Methods SD rats were divided into four groups,control food plus control water (control group),control food plus purified water,magnesium deficiency food plus control water,magnesium deficiency plus purified water,from five weeks of age of the F0 generation to five weeks of the F1 generation respectively. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the spatial learning and memory ability of offspring of rats. Results In the early training days of the place navigation,control group offspring of rats showed a shorter swimming time than the other groups. There were no significant differences among all experimental groups in the later training days of the place navigation,spatial probe test and visible platform trial,however the tendency was still to remain. Conclusion Purified water can damage the learning ability of offspring of rats and the learning ability delay will be more obviously when magnesium is deficient in food.

Objective To study on the factors of sheep plasma method detect heparin potency and improved methods.Methods Acorrding to sheep plasma method, to study the bubbles, solids, pH and NaCl concentration on the heparin potency determination.Results The bubbles impact on the heparin potency determination was less.Solids were the main factors on heparin potency determination, containing solids protein hydrolysates heparin potency determination was (2.87 ± 0.01 ) U/mL, after removing solids potency was 24.60 U/mL, raised about 8.5 times.In the removed solids sample, when pH 7.5 to 9.5 had little effect on heparin potency determination, and pH 6.5 and 7.0 had smaller effect on the heparin potency determination.The presence of solids in the sample, as the sample pH rised, heparin potency determination also rised, at potency of sample at pH 9.0 was 3.4 times than that at pH 6.5.Enzymatic hydrolyzate mainly contain: 47.86% protein, 39.16% NaCl, 4.12% fat, wherein the protein was 91.34% of small peptides.NaCl concentration had no effect on the heparin potency determination.The improved method of recovery assay value was 98.92%~101.53%.Conclusion The method is reliable, the heparin output value calculated by measuring value in accordance with the process of practical production output.This method can be used for the determination the production process of each link in heparin potency of heparin.

Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Female ; Nerve Block ; Olfactory Bulb ; metabolism ; Parvalbumins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

A 29-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital due to intermittent rashes,fever and headache.Palpable purpura were symmetrically distributed on the extremities and trunk.Other manifestations included headache with nausea and vomiting.Elevated white blood cell (WBC) count,platelet (PLT) count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein were the main laboratory findings.Antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative.Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed high intracranial pressure,while routine cytology and biochemical tests of CSF were normal.Head MRI scan and PET-CT did not detect remarkable findings.A diagnosis of systemic vasculitis was confirmed by the biopsy of skin lesion which showed inflammatory infiltration of the muscular vessel wall.Combination therapy of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide lead to a rapid improvement in clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters.The patient was in stable remission till 6 month follow-up.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the precise locations of the blood vessels and nerves surrounding the seminal vesicles (SV) in men and provide some anatomical evidence for SV-related minimally invasive surgery.

METHODSWe observed the courses and distribution of the blood vessels and nerves surrounding SVs and obtained the data for positioning the SV neuroplexes in 20 male pelvises.

RESULTSOne branch of the neuroplexes was distributed to the SVs bilaterally with the neurovascular bundles, (2.85 ± 0.18) cm from the median sulcus of the prostate (MSP), while another branch ran through the Denonvillier fascia behind the SV, (0.81 ± 0.06) cm from the MSP. The arterial SVs (ASV) originated from the inferior vesical artery and fell into 4 types, 55% going directly to the SVs as one branch, 15% running between the SV and the ampulla of the deferent duct as another branch, 25% downward as 2 branches to the SV and between the SV and the ampulla of the deferent duct respectively, and 5% as the other ASVs. The shortest distance from the ASV through the prostatic neuroplexus to the posterior SV was (1.08 ± 0.09) cm.

CONCLUSIONIn SV resection, neuroplexus injury can be reduced with a bilateral distance of < 2.85 cm and a posterior distance of < 0.81 cm from the MSP, and so can bleeding by vascular ligation between the SV and the ampulla of the deferent duct.

Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; blood supply ; innervation ; Seminal Vesicles ; blood supply ; innervation ; Vas Deferens ; blood supply ; innervation

Objective To characterize pancreatic perfusion in swines with experimental chronic pancreatitis(CP)by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and to correlate it with the severity of CP.Methods Twenty-two swines were randomly selected and made CP by ligation of main pancreatic duct.Six healthy swines served as control.MR perfusion study with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRl was carried out on the swines under anesthesia.The animals were euthanized after MR perfusion exam.The swines were divided into 4 groups according to the histological results of pancreas:normal group,group of CP of grade 1,group of CP of grade 2,and group of CP of grade 3.The maximum perfusion slope rate,the time-to-peak value and the maximum enhancement rate was compared between the groups using variance analysis,and the relationship between each perfusion parameters and severity of CP was made by correlative analysis.Results Twenty-one swines underwent MR perfusion study,including 7 swines in normal group,7 in group of grade 1 CP,3 in group of grade 2 CP,and 4 in group of grade 3 CP.On signal intensity time curve(SI-T)derived from MR perfusion weighted imaging,the m~imum slope rate was(10.88±1.20)%,(10.59±1.02)%,(6.67±1.31)%,and(5.48±1.97)%for normal swines,swines with grade 1 CP,swines with grade 2 CP and swines with grade 3 CP,respectively(F=20.51,P＜0.05).The time-to-peak value was(13.82±3.09)s,(12.31±5.52)s,(20.55±3.79)s and(37.26±14.56)s respectively(F=10.68,P＜0.05).The maximal signal enhancement rate was(62.95±20.20)%,(60.44±20.00)%,(46.33±22.70)%,and(67.65±32.66)%,respectively(F=0.53,P＞0.05).The highest slope value(r=-0.72,P＜0.05)and the time-to-peak(r=0.54,P＜0.05)of the SI-T curve were correlated to the severity of CP,respectively.However there was no linear correlation between the maximal signal enhancement rate and the severity of CP.Conclusion MR perfasion weighted imaging has a potential to diagnose and to grade experimental chronic pancreatitis.

ObjectiveTo study the clinical features, arterial involvement, therapeutic strategies and outcomes of Takayasu arteritis (TA). MethodsThe clinical symptoms, arterial images, inflammatory parameters and follow-up information of 173 patients with TA were retrospectively studied. Comparisons between groups were performed by t-test. ResultsThere were 136 female and 37 male patients in this study. The mean age at onset was(26±11 ) years. Hypertension, pulse deficit or asymmetrical pulse, and fever were present in 46.6％, 41.1％, 28.7％ of patients, respectively. The distribution of arterial involvement were 64.7％in aorta, 9.8％ in pulmonary artery, 19.1％ in innominate artery, 65.9％ in common carotid arteries, 65.3％in the subclavian artery, 36.2％ in the renal artery, 12.1％ in the vertebral artery, and 5.8％ in coeliac axis.Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) was found in 61.0％ patients. Active tuberculosis or history of tuberculosis was implicated in 45 patients(26.0％). Ten patients(5.8％) were hepatitis B virus carriers.Among 105 followed-up patients, 98 patients(94.2％) achieved persistent remission, 17 patients relapsed when corticosteroids were tapered. ConclusionCorticosteroids combined with or steroid alone, supplemented with endovascular intervention procedures or surgical bypass procedures when necessary, can effectively control the clinical symptoms and inflammatory parameters and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of conversion from CCB to ARB in the treatment of hypertension and proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.Methods 127 long-term recipients who used CCB as their anti-hypertensive drug were enrolled.All recipients had stable renal function and no diabetes.Recipients were randomly assigned to experimental group (65 cases) which received ARB (Losartan,50～ 100 mg/day) instead of CCB,or control group (62 cases) which received routine CCB.All recipients were followed up for 2 years.Blood count,urinalysis,liver and kidney chemistry,blood lipid,serum electrolytes,24-h urine protein,blood concentration of CNI drugs and other biochemical indexes were observed.Results During the 2-year follow-up,the blood pressure of the two groups was maintained within normal level.The 24-h urine protein was decreased in the experimental group ( 176.32 ± 54.54 to 155.69 ± 62.25,P＜0.05),but increased slightly in the control group (P＞0.05).Although the blood lipid of the experimental group was not different before and after the follow-up,the high density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased statistically (2.25 ± 0.26 to 2.46 ±0.31,P＜0.05).The blood count,liver and kidney chemistry,serum potassium,blood concentration of CNI drugs in both groups showed no significant differences.Conclusion Both CCB and ARB could be effectively and safely used for the treatment of hypertension and proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.ARB would be more effective in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD)rate and decreasing proteinuria.

16 and the distribution of severe trauma more than 2 anatomic parts.They were randomly divided into two groups:intensive insulin treatment group(n=31)and control group(n=31).Intensive insulin treatment group received insulin with insulin pump in order to maintain blood glucose levels at 4.0-6.1 mol/L,while the control group received routine insulin treatment in order to mmaintain blood glucose levels at 10.0- 11.0 mol/L.Plasma levels of TNF-?,IL-1,IL-6, CRP,APACHEⅡscores and cure rate were analyzed before and after the treatment.Data was expressed as mean?standard deviation.Two- tailed T test and ANOVA were used for comparison in SPSS 10.0,and changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05.Results After the intensive insulin treatment, patient's hemodynamic parameter apparently improved,APACHEⅡscores descended,and the levels of TNF-?, Ib-1,IL-6,CRP all declined,in comparison with control group,there were significant differences. Intensive insulin treatment might improve patient's general condition and decrease complications and mortality of severe multiple trauma.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of RNA interference (RNAi) in silencing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression in 293T and Mel cells.

METHODSNested-PCR was used to amplify H1 promoter from human 293T cells for driving RNAi synthesis. RNAi vectors (TR1) for silencing the eGFP expression was constructed. The eGFP vector and RNAi vector (TR1) were then co-transfected into the 293T and Mel cells, in which the silencing effect on eGFP expression was investigated by fluorescence microscopy, reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR), fluorescence-assited cell sorting(FACS) analysis and real-time RT-PCR.

RESULTSRNAi could effectively reduce more than 50 percent of eGFP expression in 293T cells as well as in Mel cells.

CONCLUSIONThe RNAi vector constructed in this way paper can effectively inhibit eGFP expression in cells.

Cell Line ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; RNA Interference ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction