The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is an essential,highly conserved protein involved in various steps of HSV-1 gene regulation as well as in the shut-off of host gene expression during infection.It functions primarily at the post-transcriptional level in inhibiting precursor mRNA splicing and in promoting nuclear export of viral transcripts.Recently,many novel functions performed by the HSV-1 ICP27 protein were shown,including leptomycin B resistance,inhibition of the type I interferon signaling,regulation of the viral mRNA translation and determining the composition of HSV-1 virions.

Objective To evaluate the application value of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) as a rapid gene typing tool for β thalassemia. Methods 226 suspicious samples were screened with MCV, RDW, erythrocytcte agility and hemoglobin electrophoresis. The final diagnosis ofβ thalassemia genotype was made by DHPLC and PCR-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB). Results Sixty-nine samples (30. 5% ) were eventually diagnosed as βthalassemia by PCR-RDB. The genotyping results for βthalassemia identified by DHPLC were complete agreement with genotyping results by PCR-RDB. We found 37 cases of CD41/CD42 ( - TCTT) frame shift mutation(54% ) ; 12 cases of IVS - Ⅱ - 654 (C→T) insertion mutation( 17% ) ;10 cases of TATA - 28 (A→G) transcription mutation ( 15% ) ;5 cases of CD17 (A→T)nonsense mutation ( 7% ) ; 5 cases of CD71/CD72 ( + A) frame shift mutation (7%). Conclusion The DHPLC is a rapid, sensitive , efficient and highly accurate assay in the diagnosis of β-thalassemia.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Mailuoning injection combined with benazepril in the treat-ment of chronic glomerulonephritis. METHODS:130 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were randomly divided into observa-tion group and control group,with 65 cases in each group. Both groups received rountine treatment as low salt and fat diet. Control group was additionally given Benazepril tablet 10 mg,qd;observation group was additionally given Mailuoning injection 20 ml added into 5% Sodium chloride injection 250 ml,ivgtt,qd,on the basis of control group,20 days of drug withdrawal every 10 days. Both group received 4 months of treatment. Clinical efficacy of 2 groups were observed as well as the levels of BUN,UCr, SCr and 24 h urine protein quantitative (UPE) before and after the treatment. The incidence of ADR was compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total effective rate of observation group was 83.1%,which was significantly higher than 67.7% of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in BUN,UCr,SCr and 24 h UPE between 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05);those indexes of 2 groups decreased significantly after treatment,and the observation group were lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Mailuoning injection combined with benazepril is effective for chronic glo-merulonephritis,and can effectively improve renal function with good safety.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of magnesium sulfate, Nifedipine Tablet (NT) combined Salvia Injection (SI) on endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), thromboxane A2(TXA2), prostacyclin I2(PG2), and hemorheology of preeclampsia patients.

METHODSTotally 704 preeclampsia patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 352 cases in each group. All patients were treated with magnesium sulfate combined NT (on the first day: slow intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate 5 g + intravenous dripping of magnesium sulfate injection 10 g + oral administration of NT 30 mg; on the second and third day, intravenous dripping of magnesium sulfate injection 10 g + oral administration of NT 30 mg), while those in the treatment group were dripped with SI additionally at 20 mL per day for 3 consecutive days. Before and after treatment plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), TXA2, PGi2, and hemorheology indicators [such as high blood viscosity (HBV), low blood viscosity (LBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte rigidity index (ERI), fibrinogen (FIB)] of two groups were detected.

RESULTSCompared with the same group before treatment, serum levels of ET-1, TXA2, HBV, LBV, PV, ERI, and FIB decreased in the two groups after treatment (P <0. 05), but levels of NO and PG2 increased (P <0. 05). Compared with the control group in the same period, levels of ET-1, TXA2, HBV, LBV, PV, ERI, and FIB decreased in the treatment group after treatment (P <0. 05), but levels of NO and PGI2 increased (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONMagnesium sulfate, NT combined SI could effectively regulate the balance of ET-1/NO and TXA2/PGI2, and improve hemorheology of preeclampsia patients.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin-1 ; metabolism ; Epoprostenol ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemorheology ; Humans ; Injections ; Magnesium Sulfate ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Nifedipine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Salvia ; Tablets ; Thromboxane A2 ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDDue to the floating of the guideline, there is no evidence-based evaluation index on when to start the blood transfusion for patients with hemoglobin (Hb) level between 7 and 10 g/dl. As a result, the trigger point of blood transfusion may be different in the emergency use of the existing transfusion guidelines. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the scheme can be safely and effectively used for emergency patients, so as to be supported by multicenter and large sample data in the future.

METHODSFrom June 2013 to June 2014, patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (Peri-operative Transfusion Trigger Score of Emergency [POTTS-E] group) and the control group (control group). The between-group differences in the patients' demography and baseline information, mortality and blood transfusion-related complications, heart rate, resting arterial pressure, body temperature, and Hb values were compared. The consistency of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion standards of the two groups of patients with the current blood transfusion guideline, namely the compliance of the guidelines, utilization rate, and per-capita consumption of autologous RBC were analyzed.

RESULTSDuring the study period, a total of 72 patients were recorded, and 65 of them met the inclusion criteria, which included 33 males and 32 females with a mean age of (34.8 ± 14.6) years. 50 underwent abdomen surgery, 4 underwent chest surgery, 11 underwent arms and legs surgery. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for demography and baseline information. There was also no statistical differences between the two groups in anesthesia time, intraoperative rehydration, staying time in postanesthetic care unit, emergency hospitalization, postoperative 72 h Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores, blood transfusion-related complications and mortality. Only the POTTS-E group on the 1 st postoperative day Hb was lower than group control, P < 0.05. POTTS-E group was totally (100%) conformed to the requirements of the transfusion guideline to RBC infusion, which was higher than that of the control group (81.25%), P < 0.01.There were no statistical differences in utilization rates of autologous blood of the two groups; the utilization rates of allogeneic RBC, total allogeneic RBC and total RBC were 48.48%, 51.5%, and 75.7% in POTTS-E group, which were lower than those of the control group (84.3%, 84.3%, and 96.8%) P < 0.05 or P < 0.01. Per capita consumption of intraoperative allogeneic RBC, total allogeneic RBC and total RBC were 0 (0, 3.0), 2.0 (0, 4.0), and 3.1 (0.81, 6.0) in POTTS-E groups were all lower than those of control group (4.0 [2.0, 4.0], 4.0 [2.0, 6.0] and 5.8 [2.7, 8.2]), P < 0.05 or P < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONSPeri-operative Transfusion Trigger Score-E evaluation scheme is used to guide the application of RBC. There are no differences in the recent prognosis of patients with the traditional transfusion guidelines. This scheme is safe; Compared with doctor experience-based subjective assessment, the scoring scheme was closer to patient physiological needs for transfusion and more reasonable; Utilization rate and the per capita consumption of RBC are obviously declined, which has clinical significance and is feasible. Based on the abovementioned three points, POTTS-E scores scheme is safe, reasonable, and practicable and has the value for carrying out multicenter and large sample clinical researches.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Emergency Medical Services ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Transfusion Reaction ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of a reforming leukocyte depletion filter (LDF-1) on the functional and pathologic changes of canine kidney during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Twelve Mongolian dogs were randomly allocated into a control group (no LDF-1, n = 6) or a leukocyte-depleted filter group (LDF-1 placed in venous line, n = 6). CPB of the dogs anestheitized with sodium pentobarbitone at 25 mg/kg was set up. After 10 min of CPB, aorta was clamped and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution at 20 mg/kg was immediately injected into the root of aorta. The aortic cross-clamp was released and CPB was closed at 70 min. Dogs were observed for 2 h after weaning from CPB. LDF-1 was opened at 2 min and stoped at 7 min during initially running CPB in the LDF-1 group. Circulating leukocytes, plasma L-selectin, and plasma IL-8 were respectively counted before CPB, at 10 minutes, 40 min, and 75 min during CPB, the end of CPB, and 2 h after CPB. The urine analysis and renal pathology, which were obtained before CPB and 2 h after CPB, were observed. RESULTS: The number of leukocytes significantly decreased by 55% - 68% in the LDF-1 group compared with the baseline during CPB. The value at 10 min of CPB in the LDF-1 group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of L-selectin and IL-8 obviously increased in the 2 groups compared with the baseline during CPB, but both levels at 2 h after CPB in the LDF-1 group were lower than those in the control group (P <0. 05). No statistic difference was found in plasma levels of urea and creatinine, but hematuria was observed in the 2 groups at 2 hours after CPB. The pathologic changes of kidney, which was mainly renal tubule swelling accompanied partly with vacuolar degeneration, were similar under the light microscope in the 2 groups at 2 h after CPB. Obvious glomerular damage was not found. CONCLUSION LDF-1 can effectively decrease leukocyte counts and the inflammatory reaction, but it can not bring about excellent protective effect on kidney during CPB when used alone. Attention to should be paid the renal protection in the postoperative CPB.
Acute Kidney Injury ; prevention & control ; Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Dogs ; Female ; Filtration ; Kidney Function Tests ; Leukocyte Reduction Procedures ; methods ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Random Allocation

Objective To explore the framework of organization and management of community health service institution in Changning district.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 30 managers of 10 community health service centers in Changning district at October 2015.The questionnaire included the basic situation of the community health service institution,the operation of the current organization and management framework,and the intention of further adjustment.Results There were 5 systems (administration system,family doctor team system,inpatient system,support system and medical technical system) in current organization and management structure.Twenty seven responders (93.1％) thought that the bottlenecks and problems existed in the current organization structure (22 thought that the responsibilities of the organization and management system were unclear and overlapped;22 thought that the cooperation and coordination between systems were less strong;10 thought that organization systems had poor mutual understanding and consistency of action,2 mentioned other problems).Twenty five responders (86.2％) thought that the bottlenecks and problems existed in the current management structure (18 thought that the current management model was difficult to promote reform or new work;14 thought that there were more layers of management and less managerial efficiency;13 thought that there was lack of effective management measures;4 mentioned other problems).Twenty nine responders proposed suggestions dealing with the service function,management function,service organization form and new organization and management framework of community health service institutions.The family doctor studio as the core of service platform and management platform was recommended.Conclusions There are problems and bottlenecks in the current organization and management framework of community health service institutions in Changning district,and a new framework has been proposed according to the management recommendations.

BACKGROUNDAberrant DNA methylation plays a key role in human carcinogenesis. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine inhibits DNA methylation and induces the expression of genes putatively silenced by promoter methylation in vitro. There are few studies of the biological and clinical significance of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in human hepatocellular carcinoma. This study explored the mechanism of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine targeting transcriptional repressor complexes affecting global gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.

METHODSHigh density oligonucleotide gene expression microarrays were used to examine the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatments on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. The 5' ends of the genes upregulated or downregulated in this manner were compared with BLAST database to determine whether they might have promoter CpG islands. Flow cytometry was used to detect stages of the cell cycle and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 after being treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine.

RESULTSData obtained 3 days after 4 days of treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine showed that more genes were induced in tumorigenic cells including genes that function in cell proliferation, differentiation, regulation of transcription, and cytokine signalling. Approximately 30% of induced genes did not have CpG islands within their 5' regions, suggesting that some genes activated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine may not result from the direct inhibition of promoter methylation. This phenomenon may contribute to a number of upregulated genes involving regulation of transcription in the treated cell. Results showed that 100 micromol/L 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine blocked cell cycle at S/G2-M phase increasing rate of apoptosis. Notably, we found differential expression of molecular action in the methylation although DNA methyltransferases did not show significant difference in the treated cell line.

CONCLUSION5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine could restore some silenced genes expression independently of DNA methylation inhibition and expression of DNA methyltransferases.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; CpG Islands ; DNA Modification Methylases ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Transcriptional Activation

OBJECTIVETo identify the metastasis-related miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines.

METHODSA qRT-PCR method was established and optimized.

RESULTSAll candidate metastasis associated miRNAs except miR-124a were expressed in high metastasis cell line MHCC97H and low metastasis cell line MHCC97L, while some miRNAs were differentially expressed between liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and hepatic cell line (L02) (P less than 0.05), these miRNAs include: miR-148b (1.96+/-0.51 vs 3.76+/-0.28), miR-9 (-4.38+/-0.86 vs -1.10+/-0.53), miR-30c (8.41+/-0.40 vs 6.82+/-0.29), miR-338 (3.14+/-0.29 vs -2.36+/-0.32), miR-34a (0.71+/-0.40 vs -2.95+/-0.26), Let-7g (-4.07+/-0.55 vs -6.98+/-0.56). miR-148b expression was about 4 times higher than miR-148a [5.46 (IQR 4.25-6.67) vs 1.29 (IQR 0.94-1.64)] in all cell line tested (Z=-5.097, P=3x10(-7)).

CONCLUSIONThis study may help to understand the biological significance of miRNAs in HCC metastasis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To evaluate the influences of susceptibility interpretation of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis in China mainland according to the old and new ceftazidime,cefotaxime and ceftriaxone breakpoints in CLSI M100-S20 and CLSI M100-S19. Methods First, We analyzed the antibacterial susceptibility results of the three bacteria by agar dilution method in the SEANIR surveillance item, which were collected from 15 national hospitals between the year of 2005 and 2007 and excluded the AmpC enzyme positive isolates according to the PGR-DNA sequencing method and/or the antibacterial susceptibility phenotype. ESBL phenotype was confirmed by the CLSI phenotypic confirmatory test. Antibacterial susceptibility of the total 2733 Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis isolates was retrospectively analyzed by WHONET 5. 4 software according to the breakpoints of the CLSI M100-S19 (S19) and CLSI M100-S20 (S20). Second, 207 isolates of Peking Union Medical College Hospital with the results of both agar dilution method and disk diffusion method were performed by recurrent analysis. Then we observed the inter-method agreement through the scatter diagram according to the breakpoints of S19 and S20. Results First, as to the ESBL positive Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabili.s, the resistant rate of cefotaxime increased from 65.2% , 55.5%, 14. 6% under S19 (64 μg/ml) to 99. 7%, 96. 2% , 93. 8% under S20 (4 μg/ml). The susceptibility rates decreased from 6. 0%, 11.5%, 33.3% under S19 (8 μg/ml) to 0%, 0. 2%, 0% under S20 ( 1 μg/ml). Ceftriaxone had the same trend as cefotaxime. Though ceftazidime was more active than cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, as to the ESBL positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, the resistant rates slightly increased from 30. 3%,43. 2% under S19 (32 μg/ml) to42.0%, 56. 0% under S20 (16 μg/ml). The susceptibility rates slightly decreased from 58. 1%, 44. 1% under S19 (8 μg/ml) to 44. 7%, 28.0% under S20 (4 μg/ml). Second,as to the ESBL negative Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis, all the susceptibility rates of ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were between 99. 2%-100. 0%, the resistant rate were between 0%-0. 4%. Third, the S20 MIC breakpoints had a good correspondence with the ESBL phenotype.Fourth, according to the recurrent analysis of MIC testing and disk dilution method, r value was 0. 67,0. 79, 0. 77 for ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, respectively, and all P value were under 0. 01. The intermethod rates of S19 and S20 were both acceptable. Conclusions If the cefotaxime and ceftriaxone S20 new breakpoints were used, the concordance of antibacterial susceptibility results and ESBL phenotype would increase greatly. The clinician could select proper antibiotics according to the antibacterial susceptibility results and clinical symptoms. It is no longer necessary to edit results for cephalosporins, aztreonam, or penicillins from susceptible to resistant. However, until laboratories implement the new interpretive criteria,ESBL testing should be performed as described in Supplemental Table 2A-S1. The relationship between the new breakpoints of ceftazidime and clinical outcomes need to be further evaluated.