Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Urticaria ; therapy

Objective To study current situation and existed problems in the public health emergency alert and response system so as to formulate more advices to consummate it and help to establish a more reasonable system adapting to our country. Methods A qualitative study was carried out among CDC working staff including two focus group discussions(FGD). Results Although government had put more emphasis on public health,increasing its devotion and strengthening the alert and response capability after SARS outbreak, some problems still existed, such as ① absence of correlative laws and rules; ② lack of government devotion; ③ insufficient utilization of surveillance information; ④ lack of the canonical response guidance. Conclusions With regard to the building up of the public health emergency alert and response system, the following proposals are put forward: increasing payout on public health; consummating the construction of disease surveillance network; affording more education and training to correlative staff engaged in the disease control to improve their abilities.

By taking the course of laboratory hematology in Curtin University in Australia as an ex-ample, this paper introduced the characteristics of its teaching mode, teaching contents, teaching methods, assessment methods and laboratory practice. The advantages and disadvantages of education characteristics between Australia and China were compared and analyzed on the training methods and the training objec-tives, respectively. The education characteristics of laboratory hematology in Curtin University provided an important inspiration for our education reform in the field of medical laboratory in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of the ratio of early diastolic peak velocity of mitral valve(E) and early diastolic peak velocity of mitral annular(Ea) on evaluating left ventricuiar diastolic function in patients with chronic heart failure.MethodsLeft atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd),interventricular septal thickness (IVST),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),E and late diastolic peak speed of mitral valve (A) of 30 patients with diastolic heart failure(DHF,DHF group),30 patients with systolic heart failure(SHF,SHF group) and 30 healthy persons (control group) were detected by conventional echocardiography.E/A ratio and E-wave deceleration time (DT) were calculated.Early diastolic peak velocity of longitudinal septal and left ventricular lateral part of mitral annulus (Esep,Elat) were measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).Ea and E/Ea ratio were calculated as well as the relevant analysis was made.Results ( 1 ) LAD and IVST in DHF group were significantly higher than those in control group [(44.90±8.31) mm vs.(30.87±3.48) mm,(9.43±2.18) nn vs.(8.17 ± 1.12)mm,P＜0.05].LVEDd in SHF group was obviously higher than that in control group and DHF group [(66.30 ± 10.21) mm vs.(44.77 ± 4.17) mm,(48.60 ± 8.85) mm,P＜0.05],and LVEF and DT were significantly lower than those in control group and DHF group(P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) Esep,Elat and Ea in DHF and SHF group were significantly lower than those in control group( P ＜ 0.01 ),and E/Esep,E/Elat and E/Ea ratios were obviously higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).( 3 ) The level of B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in DHF and SHF group was significantly higher than that in control group [(477.73 ± 722.76),(978.60 ± 825.04) ng/L vs.(29.23 ± 17.84) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].The level of BNP in SHF group was significantly higher than that in DHF group (P＜0.05 ).(4) Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that NYHA classification and BNP were correlated with E/Ea ratio (P ＜ 0.05).(5) The area under curve (AUC) of E/Ea in diagnosing chronic heart failure was 0.984 (95％ CI:0.000-1.000).AUC of E/Ea in identifying DHF and SHF was 0.857(95％ CI:0.773-0.940).The sensitivity and specificity of E/Ea were much higher than those of E/A.Conclusions Chronic left ventricular systolic insufficiency is commonly combined with different-degree diastolic dysfunction.The evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function can be more simple and accurate combined with pulse wave Doppler and TDI.

We overviewed the policies and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine of main Asian countries and summarized current situation of policies and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine in Asian markets.After in-depth analysis,we found that the opportunities lied in high public awareness,some Asian countries establishing special traditional medicine management agencies,special Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan and South Korea,and high degree of acupuncture legalization.At the same time,traditional Chinese medicine also faced with the challenges such as strict technical standard and TBT barriers.In the end of this paper,we came up with some development countermeasures when traditional Chinese medicine accessing Asian markets,such as improving technical standards,establishing an anti-technical barriers to trade service system,encouraging technological innovation,and strengthening domestic and international exchanges and cooperation.

With the increasing trade amount of herbal medicine over the world,many foreign countries took non-tariff barriers such as technical regulations,technical standard and conformity assessment procedures,of which the most far-reaching impact of green trade barriers on the export of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the three green trade barriers faced by the traditional Chinese medicine assessing international markets,and summarized the impacts of green trade barriers on the export of traditional Chinese medicine from the two aspects of positive and negative.In the end of this study,we came up with some strategies to deal with green trade barriers:to promote the establishment of standard system; to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products; to implement green production; to cultivate environmental awareness; to pursue international certification; and to enhance corporate brand image.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN),in order to provide incidence for clinical treatment and prevention.Methods Two hundred and eighty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into DPN group(113 cases) and non-DPN group(174 cases)according to electrophysiological examination and diagnosis.The clinical information were collected including body mass index (BMI),blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG),fasting plasma insulin (FINS),C peptide,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAl c),blood fat and cholesterin.The DPN prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes was calculated,and t or x2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied.Results Among the 287 patients with type 2,the DPN prevalence was 39.4％ (113/287).The level of age,duration of diabetes and smoking in DPN group were significantly higher than those of non-DPN group,while exercise,income situation and educational background were significantly lower than those of non-DPN group (x2 =4.378,8.430,4.525,4.500,4.203,6.890,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).Systolic blood pressure((137.52 ± 16.10) mmHg),FPG ((11.42 ± 3.08) mmol/L),2 hPG ((18.70 ± 4.61) mmol/L),HbA1c ((10.21 ± 2.50)％) in DPN group were higher than those of non DPN group ((systolic pressure (132.67± 15.80) mmHg,FPG(9.96 ±3.76) mmol/L,2 hPG(15.38 ±5.26) mmol/L,HbA1c(9.54 ±2.83)％).In DPN group,Fasting insulin,2 h insulin,fasting C peptide were (13.52 ± 4.92) mmol/L,(36.20 ± 17.52) mmol/L,(1.44 ± 0.62) mmol/L,(3.89 ± 3.01) mmol/L,lower than those of non DPN group ((16.76 ± 5.24) mmol/L,(47.95 ± t5.04) mmol/L,(1.83 ± 0.57) mmol/L,(5.24 ± 3.45) mmol/L),and the differences were significant (t =2.512,3.592,5.635,2.105,5.312,5.863,5.372,3.502,P ＜0.05 or P ＜ 0.001).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of duration of diabetes,HbA1c,2 hPG were positively correlated with DPN prevalence,and those were the independent risk factors of DPN (OR(95％CI) 1.040(1.018-1.062),1.331(1.032-1.717),1.366(1.044-1.787),P＜0.05).The level of FINS,Fasting C peptide,2 h C peptide were negatively correlated with DPN prevalence,and those were independent protective factors of DPN (OR (95 ％ CI) 0.803 (0.725-0.889),0.923 (0.731-0.954),0.863 (0.801-0.930),P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of DPN is common in patients with type 2 diabetes.The indices of duration of diabetes,HbA1c,2 hPG were risk factors of DPN,and there is more dangerous with the lower level of FINS,Fasting C peptide,2 h C peptide.

Objective To learn the psychological needs of the hospital staff in terms of their life,medical care and psychological health.Methods 2910 hospital staff were interviewed with questionnaires and the outcomes analyzed with x2 test and descriptive analysis.Results 96.9％of the surveyed found themselves in need of psychological counseling; considerable consulting needs of the staff; most of them turn to friends to complain instead of their leaders.Conclusion The psychological counseling should be enhanced to build effective communication channels and ease stress of the staff.

Cerebellar Neoplasms ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Medulloblastoma ; ultrastructure