Objective:To explore the relationship between Jiegu pastes and blood biochemical indices and the expression of cal-catonin gene related peptide( CGRP) in the process of fracture healing. Methods: The tibial fracture model of rats was established, and the rats were randomly divided into five groups:the blank control group, model control group, positive control group, Jiegu paste at low dose group ( L, 1 g·ml-1 , calculated by raw materials) and at high dose group ( H, 2 g·ml-1 , calculated by raw materials) with 60 ones in each. The blank control group and the model control group were given 2 ml saline, the positive control group was given 2 ml concentrated dipsacus bone mixture, and Jiegu paste L group and H group was given 2 ml concentrated solution at low concentra-tion and high concentration, respectively, and all the groups were with the following regimen: ig,qd, for 28 days. The blood samples and callus specimens were obtained on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after fracture. Blood biochemical indices were detected, and HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results: Compared with those in the model control group, the serum calcium and phosphorus ion concentration in Jiegu paste H group significantly increased on the 14th and 21st day, and the serum AKP significantly increased on the 14th and 28th day (P<0. 05). The expression of CGRP in Jiegu paste H group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05). There were no significant differences between H group and the positive control group (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Jiegu paste can achieve the purpose of promoting fracture healing by improving the activity of serum AKP, in-creasing the concentration of calcium and phosphorus and regulating the activity of neuropeptide CGRP.

Objective To explore the affinify of combination of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and its L-form with surfactant protein D(SP-D),and to find function of SP-D in Hp infection and immunity. Methods SP-D was extracted from the lung of rats by Tris-HCl-EDTA and maltose-agarose affinity column. The combination of Hp and SP-D was detected by slide and tube agglutination tests,and the agglutination inhibition with SP-D immune serum was carried out. The L-form of Hp was induced by Ceftriaxon sodrum and identified by PCR and sequencing of the 16S rDNA fragment.The combination of SP-D and the L-form was tested by slide agglutination test. Results Agglutination of Hp NCTC11637 and SP-D was observed on slide,but NCTC11639,SS1 and the L-form failed to agglutinate. Agglutination was found 45 minutes after reaction and was inhibited by SP-D immune sera. Conclusion The ability of combination with SP-D was different between strains of Hp.The combination could be weakened or vanished when Hp lost the cell wall.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism and re-ablation of recurrent atrial arrhythmias after atrial fibrillation(AF) ablation by utilizing the Carto system and double LASSO technique.Methods A total of 77 AF patients were enrolled and among them,56 with paroxysmal AF and 21 with persistent AF.Eight-F Swartz long sheaths were positioned in the left atrium by transseptal technique.One to two LASSO catheters were placed in the ipsilateral pulmonary veins(PV).The anatomy of the left atrium and PV was established using the Carto system.PV selective venography was carried out to identify the PV ostium.Continuous circular lesions(CCL) were made at the left atrium at 0.5 to 1.0 cm outside the PV ostium.Irrigated radiofrequecy energy was delivered in all the patients.The end point of the CCL was defined as absence of all PV spikes documented with LASSO catheters within the ipsilateral PVs.Results A repeat ablation was performed in 14 patients who experienced highly symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmia.During the repeat procedures,conduction gaps in the previous CCL were found in 13 out of the 14 patients,and a typical atrial flutter was found in the other patient which was eliminated by ablation of the tricuspid isthmus.During the second procedure,pulmonary vein tachycardia was demonstrated in 7 patients.The pulmonary vein tachycardia activated the LA via the conduction gaps.All conduction gaps were successfully ablated by irrigated RF applications.After the second procedure,12 out of the 14 patients were free of AF during 3 to 30 months of follow-up.Conclusion Continuous circular lesions(CCL) in the left atrium utilizing the Carto system and double LASSO technique had a high success.In patients with recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia after CCLs,recovered PV conduction is a main cause for the recurrence.

Objective To summarize the experience of using CT and MRI to diagnose the renal collecting duct carcinoma.Methods From February 2005 to January 2012,10 cases with renal collecting duct carcinoma,confirmed by pathology,were reviewed retrospectively.The data contained 6 men and 4 women,whose age ranged from 21 to 62 years (mean age 48 years).The flank pain was complained by 7 cases,waist discomfort was complained by 3 cases.In urine laboratory test,positive urine erythrocytes (++++) were found in 6 cases.In 10 cases,7 cases accepted CT examination and 3 cases accepted MRI examination.The growth pattern,lesion location,dynamic enhanced scan phase of the tumor and the way of spreading and metastasis were analyzed based on those CT and MRI images.Results The lesions were located in the left kidney in 6 cases,located in the right kidney in 4 cases.The size of tumors ranged from 4.4 cm×5.8 cm to 7.2 cm× 7.4 cm (mean size 5.7 cm× 6.4 cm).The mass,located in the center of renal parenchyma with irregular shape,showed infiltrative growth pattern.The shape of kidney was normal,whereas the border line between cortex and medulla was indistinct.The tumor involved the renal cortex and medulla in 4cases and involved the renal cortex,medulla,pelvis simultaneously in 6 cases.Among 7 patients who accepted the CT scanning,the solid mass was revealed in 6 cases.On CT plain scanning,the masses demonstrated slightly low or equal density within flaky or patchy low-density necrosis.Two cases showed small punctate calcification within the mass.One case was solid and cystic mass,which the cystic part of the mass showed irregular shape of the liquid-density.Among 3 patients accepted MRI scanning,all masses showed solid characters.The substantial part showed slightly hypointense on T1WI and low signal intensity on T2WI.The necrotic foci demonstrated low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal on T2WI.Dynamic enhanced scan revealed mild to moderate enhanced in the substantive part.The density of signal was lower than the renal cortex and slightly higher than the renal medulla in corticomedullary phase.It enhanced continuously in parenchymal phase,but still lower than the renal parenchyma.It enhanced continuously in the delayed phase,while the cystic or necrotic lesions were not observed the enhancement.Renal artery was surrounded by the mass in 2 cases.Tumor embolus was found in the renal vein in 2 cases,9 cases were noticed with renal hilum and paraortic hyperlymphonodus.The thoracic and lumbar spinal metastasis was found in 1 case and adrenal metastasis was found in another case.All patients underwent radical nephrectomy,that pathological diagnosis was renal collecting duct carcinoma.Conclusions The CT and MRI imaging characteristics of renal collecting duct carcinoma can be described as the mass located in the center of renal parenchyma with the infiltrative growth pattern.In MRI image,it demonstrates low signal intensity on T2WI.And a mild continuously enhanced can be observed on dynamic enhanced scanning.Moreover,the tumor often involves renal hilum,perirenal fat capsule,paraortic lymph node,and shows the tendency of distant metastasis.

Crohn’s disease( CD)is a gastrointestinal progressive granulomatous disease with unknown etiology. It is characterized as active stage alternating with remission stage,long-term course with many complications,sometimes needing surgery and having the tendency of relapse in patient ’s whole life. Therefore,it is important to define an effective therapeutic endpoint to ameliorate the natural course of CD. This article reviewed the progress in defining treatment endpoint of CD.

Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)includes ulcerative colitis( UC)and Crohn’s disease( CD),its incidence is increasing yearly in our country. With the progress of molecular biology,genetics,the understanding of IBD is deepen,however,the exact pathogenesis of IBD is still not fully clear,and it may be related to gene,environment, immunity,microorganism. Studies have shown that smoking,vitamin D,sex hormones,emotions,diet may be related with the occurrence of IBD. This article reviewed the role of environmental factors in IBD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus.Methods 424 patients of type 2 diabetes without dialysis were enrolled in a cross-sectional study.According to their artery intima-media thickness (IMT),the patients were divided into normal group and higher IMT group.All patients according to UAER or 24h urinary protein were divided into normal proteinuria group,micro-proteinuria group and clinical proteinuria group.The biochemical examination,eGFR,and atherosclerotic plaque of different groups were compared.Pearson or spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between eGFR,IMT and other parameters.Risk factors for eGFR decline were analyzed by binary logistic regression.Results Compared with normal group,patients in the higher IMT group were older [(63.3±10.2) year vs (52.5 ± 10.6) year,P ＜ 0.05],and underwent longer duration of diabetes [(8.9±6.7) year vs (6.2±5.7) year,P ＜ 0.05].Their level of eGFR was decreased [(75.92±28.00) ml/min vs (91.64±24.05) ml/ min,P ＜ 0.05],while plaque incidence (71.3％ vs 18.3％,x2=112.42,P ＜ 0.01) and prevalence of hypertension (56.4％ vs 29.6％,x2=27.22,P ＜ 0.01) increased.Correlation analysis showed that IMT was positively correlated with age (r=0.503,P ＜ 0.01),duration of diabetes (r=0.204,P ＜ 0.01),24 h urine protein (rs=0.175,P ＜ 0.05),plaque (rs=0.562,P ＜ 0.01),and hypertension (rs=0.193,P ＜ 0.01),but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.307,P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,serum uric acid,24 h urine protein and carotid artery intima-media thickness were independent risk factors for eGFR decline [OR=1.115,95％CI(1.053,1.165),P ＜ 0.001;OR=1.008,95％CI (1.002,1.014),P=0.006;OR=1.492,95％ CI(1.170,1.903),P=0.001;OR=1.619,95％ CI(1.121,2.339),P=0.010].Conclusion Carotid artery intima-media thickness is an independent risk factor for kidney function decline in patients of diabetes.

Objective To evaluate the urethra lengthening technique in the management of stricture of the external orifice and navicular fossa of urethra. Methods From June 1995 to April 1999,15 cases of severe stricture of the external orifice and navicular fossa of urethra were treated by the urethra lengthening technique and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Results The patients have been followed up for 3～36 months with a mean of 21 months.Satisfactory results with normal voiding and good apearence of the penis have been observed in all but 2.Slight stricture of the external orifice has been noted in 2 patients and has been relieved after 3～6 times of urethral sounding. Conclusions Urethra lengthening technique yields a high success rate with consistant normal voiding and is compliant with the normal anatomy and physiology of the urethra.

Objective To study the feasibility and safety of horseshoe kidney transplantation and avoid the waste of the donor kidney. Methods The horseshoe kidney was identified and confirmed during the organ procurement process. It was perfused in situ and procured en bloc. With an appropriate dissection and reconstruction on the beach table, the horseshoe kidney was carefully divided at the isthmus and transplanted into two separate recipients. The surgical strategies and postoperative outcomes of transplanting the cadaveric horseshoe kidneys were evaluated. Results Two recipients had a immediate return of renal function after the blood vessels were opened. One recipient had a normal renal function presented as lower post-transplant serum creatinine values with a follow-up of 12 months. There was no complications related to the horseshoe kidney. Another case died of infection 1.5 month later after the transplantation. Conclusions Cadaveric horseshoe kidney may be transplanted successfully using various individual technical strategies based on the specific renal anatomy. Considering the lack of donor horseshoe kidney transplantation is feasible and safe.

This article analyzes the forward and backward feedback pathways between cones and horizontal cells in the Cascade model and sets up a Hopfield Network to simulate the interaction mechanism.Additionally,it appears that the phase character of horizontal cell is connected with spectrum and a CMAC Network is established to simulate the mapping process.This article aims to indicate that the mapping of horizontal cell and spectrum might be the underlying way for retina to code the signal from spectral input.