Object To investigate the effect of PPARαactivation on PPARγ-induced fatty liver in the mouse. Methods Wild type mice ( C57BL/6) aged 4 to 5 weeks were used as animal models.All mice were divided into four groups.The mice in the first group were fed with chow diet.The mice in the second group were fed with a diet containing 0.125%Wy-14,643, an agonist of PPARa, for 8 days.The mice in the third group were injected with Ad/PPARγvia tail vein for 5 day.The mice in the fourth group were firstly fed with Wy-14,643 diet for 3 days and then injected with Ad/PPARγvia tail vein for another 5 day.Mouse livers were collected and photographed.The effect of PPARαactivation on PPARγ-induced fatty liver was observed by H&E and Oil red O staining.Results Compared with the controls, wild-type mice treated with Wy-14,643 for 8 days exhibited marked hypertrophy of hepatocytes with increased cytoplasmic eosinophil-ia and proliferation of peroxisomes.The liver size was significantly increased in the wild-type mice treated with Ad/PPARγfor 5 days, and over-expression of PPARγstrongly induced hepatic steatosis.Importantly, the wild-type mice pretreated with Wy-14,643 for 3 days and then given Ad/PPARγinjection exhibited dramatically the increase of liver size, which might be due to the dual function of PPARa and PPARγ.Compared with the Ad/PPARγgroup, the Wy-14,643 pretreat-ment group showed a reduced hepatic steatosis.Conclusions Activation of PPARαby Wy-14,643 effectively improves PPARγ-stimulated hepatic steatosis, which provides a novel target for prevention and therapy of fatty liver.

The clinical practice on real patients is more and more difficult in the present condition of the hospitals.Then,the modern medical simulating teaching is the main direction of the development in this field due to its characteristics,based on high- technology,simulating the real clinical circumstance,and being applicable in practice and avoiding the risk of clinical miscarriage. The significance and main development direction of modern medical simulated teaching will be discussed in this article.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of Kaixin Capsule (KC) on gene expression of myocardial immune inflammatory factor in dogs after resuscitation and to search for an effective way to counteract the progress of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 【Methods】 Fifteen hybrid dogs were randomly divided into three groups, 5 dogs each: pseudo-operation group (group A), model group (group B) and KC group (group C). The dog model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation was established; the dogs were executed and the heart was isolated 180 min after the recovery of autonomic circulation. Myocardial total RNA was extracted and the mRNA expression of objective gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 【Results】 mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR_4) and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?) in group B differed from that ingroup A (P

Objective: To study the correlation between serum N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: According to mPAP level, a total of 62 CHD patients undergoing transcatheter closure were divided into non- pulmonary artery hypertension （PAH）CHD group (n=26), CHD + mild PAH group (n=17), CHD + moderate PAH group (n=12) and CHD + severe PAH group (n=7). Another 20 healthy subjects in the same period were selected as healthy control group. The changes of serum NT-proBNP concentration was compared among all groups before, 24h and three months after operation. Correlation between NT-proBNP concentration and mPAP was analyzed before transcatheter closure. Results: Compared with healthy control group, there was significant rise in serum NT-proBNP level in all CHD groups before operation, and it significantly elevated along with mPAP increased [healthy control group (34.0±16.8) pg/ml vs. CHD non-PAH group (68.0±20.2) pg/ml vs. mild PAH group (116.7±43.5) pg/ml vs. moderate PAH group (273.1±64.2) pg/ml vs. severe PAH group (326.5±50.2) pg/ml, P<0.01? all]; linear correlation analysis indicated that serum NT-proBNP concentration before operation was positively correlated with mPAP in 62 CHD patients (r=0.604, P=0.002). On 24h after transcatheter closure, NT-proBNP concentration was significantly higher than before operation in all groups, but it possessed significant difference only in non-PAH CHD group [(98.9±22.1) pg/ml vs. (68.0±20.2) pg/ml, P<0.05]. NT-proBNP concentration was significantly lower than before operation in all CHD groups after three months (P<0.01? all). Conclusion: Serum NT-proBNP level rises along with pulmonary arterial pressure increased in patients with congenital heart disease, which could be used as an index judging severity of pulmonary artery hypertension and prognosis in these patients.

AIM: To detect the effect of Sini decoction on glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA expression in the ischemic myocardium. METHODS: Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, ischemic group and Sini decoction group. Total RNA was extracted from the myocardium of mice in each group. The effect of Sini decoction on the expression of GST gene was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of GST mRNA in Sini decoction group was significantly up-regulated compared with the ischemic group and control group. CONCLUSION: Sini decoction can promote the expression of GST gene, which may be related to its protective effect on ischemic myocardium.

AIM: To screen the differentially expressed genes among normal, ischemic and Sini decoction-treated myocardium using DNA microarray.METHODS: Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, ischemic group and Sini decoction group. Total RNA was extracted from myocardium of each group. cDNA microarray chips containing 2 304 cDNAs were used to investigate the gene expression pattern of each group. RESULTS: Up-and down-regulated genes were 33 and 70 in ischemic group vs control group, respectively. Up-and down-regulated genes were 23 and 52 respectively in Sini decoction group vs ischemic group. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of gene expression pattern of ischemic myocardium based on cDNA microarray can realize high-throughput screening of the genes. Further analysis of those obtained genes information will be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of myocardial ischemia and the therapeutic mechanism of Sini decoction.

Objective To observe the influence of human umbilical cord wharton′s jelly‐mesenchymal stem cells(WJ‐MHCs) on the tumor necrosis factorα (TNF‐α) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide(NT‐proBNP) in rats with heart failure of a‐cute myocardial infarction .Methods Totally 80 male rat models of heart failure of acute myocardial infarction were made by isopre‐naline(ISO) 200 mg/kg injected subcutaneously twice at an interval of 24 hours .After one week ,24 survival rats were randomly di‐vided into WJ‐M HCs transplantation group and normal control group .Sham group was made of 12 health rats ,and then each of the three groups was subdivided into pre‐transplantation group and post‐transplantation group 4 weeks later .WJ‐MHCs transplantation group was transplanted with WJ‐MHCs with DAPI labeled after ISO injected one week .Sham group and normal group were un‐treated and normally bred .The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) measured by before transplantation and post‐transplantation 4 weeks later .The injected cells and the expression of TNF‐αwas measured .Results Compared to pre‐transplantation group ,WJ‐M HCs transplantation group increased the LVEF(P<0 .05);compared to pre‐transplantation and normal control ,WJ‐M HCs trans‐plantation group reduced the TNF‐αand NT‐proBNP in the serum(P<0 .05)and the expression of TNF‐α from the heart tissue (P<0 .05);compared to normal transplantation ,WJ‐M HCs transplantation group reduced the mortality from 33 .3% to 16 .7% ;immunofluorescence demonstrated that transplanted cells were still found alive in the heart after transplantation 4 weeks later .Con‐clusion Transplantation of WJ‐MHCS down‐regulates TNF‐α and NT‐proBNP in the serum in the serum and the expression of TNF‐αfrom the heart tissue and up‐regulates the LVEF in rats with heart failure of acute myocardial infarction .

Objective To use thrombelastography (TEG) and conventional coagulation tests (CCTs) to diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and find a better diagnostic method.Methods Patients with potential DIC factors,DIC clinical manifestation or DIC patients suspected by laboratory tests were included after their admission into our hospital.TEGs and CCTs were detected,respectively.DIC score was evaluated.The single factor logistic regression was used to evaluate the correlation between TEG and CCTs as well as the diagnostic accuracy.Results The international normalized ratio (INR) in CCTs of the DIC patients were significantly higher,the reaction rime (R),clot formation time (K),angle rate of clot formation (α),maximum amplitude (MA),and composite index (CI) figures in TEG were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of TEG were 82.4％,and 62.2％,which were significantly higher than 21.6％ and 47.2％ in CCTs (P ＜ 0.05).Single factor logistic regression results show that odd ratio (OR) in prothrombin time (PT) and INR of CCTs was 1.23 and 1.27,respectively.The OR in R,K,α,MA,and CI of TEG was 5.13,6.14,1.37,1.25,and 3.02,respectively.Conclusions Compared to CCTs,TEG is more indicative of the conditions of DIC patients and it might be a better way to predict the DIC risks,which is of greater value in clinical diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol on miRNA-106b in Alzheimer′s disease ( AD ) animal model.Methods Fifty Kunming male mice were divided into five groups by completely randomized block sampling.The five groups included three dosage resveratrol groups , an AD model group and a control group.The AD models were established in one month prior to treatments. Subsequently, from the 31st day various doses of resveratrol were provided intragastricly for 60 days.Then the memory function was observed by the step-down test.Meanwhile, the varying expressions of APP , P62, ApoA1, miRNA-106b, ABCA1 were tested in each group to determine whether there is the binding site for miRNA-106b in APP 3′UTR sequence.Results Compared with the control group by step-down test, the memory function of the AD model group mice decreased in different degree , which in the drug treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05).Compared with the AD group, the expression of APP (1.131 ±0.035) in the drug treatment group was higher than that in the model group (0.652 ± 0.026), while the P62 (0.412 ±0.022) and ApoA1 (0.534 ±0.032) were lower than the model group ( all P<0.05 ).High and medium dose groups of resveratrol treatment reduced varying degrees of APP (0.733 ±0.018,0.929 ±0.019,F=177.733) levels, and increased P62(0.954 ±0.035,0.633 ±0.015, F=434.5 ) and ApoA1 ( 1.042 ±0.051, 0.824 ±0.034, F=286.582 ) levels ( all P<0.05 ).The expression of miRNA-106b (0.464 ±0.313) and ABCA1(0.293 ±0.042) in the model group was lower than that in the control group (miRNA-106b 1.064 ±0.032, F=238.159; ABCA1 0.781 ±0.027,F=341.61;both P<0.05).The miRNA-106b (0.843 ±0.034, 0.601 ±0.012) and ABCA1 (0.882 ± 0.025, 0.624 ±0.036) levels in the high, medium dose resveratrol treatment groups increased to different extent ( both P<0.05 ).After the drug treatment , luciferase reporter vector experiments showed that the APP 3′UTR sequence contains the binding site of miRNA-106b.Conclusions APP is one of the target genes of miRNA-106b.Resveratrol is capable of improving AD by enhancing the expression of miRNA-106b and down-regulating the target genes including APP , P62 and ApoA1.This provides a new theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of AD.

Objective To predict the response of induction chemotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)by using pretreat-ment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)values.Methods 35 patients with advanced NPC underwent DWI examination prior to 2-week in-duction chemotherapy.The patients were divided into CR (complete response)group,PR (partial response)one and SD (stable disease)one according to the tumor response of treatment.The effective responders included CR and PR groups.The patients were divided into children-adolescents(below 20 years)group and adults one according to the age,into non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma group and non-kera-tinizing differentiated carcinoma one according to the pathological type,and also into T2,T3 and T4 groups according to the T-staging (UICC2010).Statistical analysis was used to compare the pretreatment ADC values between different groups.Results The average pre-treatment ADC values of CR,PR,responders and SD groups were (0.70±0.06)×10 -3 mm2/s,(0.72±0.04)×10 -3 mm2/s,(0.71± 0.04)×10 -3 mm2/s and (0.85±0.02)×10 -3 mm2/s respectively.The average pretreatment ADC value of the SD group was signif-icantly higher than that of PR group and responders,and the differences were significant (P <0.05).The average pretreatment ADC value of children-adolescents and adults groups were (0.73±0.07)×10 -3 mm2/s and (0.75 ±0.07)× 10 -3 mm2/s,which showed no significant differences.The average pretreatment ADC value of non-keratinizing undifferentiated carcinoma and non-keratinizing dif-ferentiated carcinoma groups were (0.76 ±0.08)×10 -3 mm2/s and (0.74±0.06)×10 -3 mm2/s,which showed no significant differ-ences.The average pretreatment ADC values of T2,T3 and T4 groups were (0.78±0.05)×10 -3 mm2/s,(0.77 ±0.07)×10 -3 mm2/s and (0.75±0.08)×10 -3 mm2/s.Although there were no significant differences between T2,T3 and T4 groups,a trend towards lower ADC was observed with increasing tumor T-staging.Conclusion Pretreatment ADC value is a valuable quantitative parameter,and it can be used for predicting induction chemotherapy response in advanced naso-pharyngeal carcinoma.