Objective: To research the competitive situation of technical research on the field of surgical robot and analyze direction of technical development of this field.Methods: The data of Derment Innovation(DI)platform were applied,and the patent analysis method was adopted to combined with visual tool to analyze patents of surgical robot field from various aspects such as the number of patent application,technology life cycle,the trend of regional development,competitor and trend of technical development.Results: There were 1491 patent applications in the globally surgical robot field,and technological fields were concentrated in endoscope,surgically mechanical arm,electronic data processing system,intervention,implantation of related equipment,regulatory system,image processing and transmission,stress and torque,etc.United States and China not only were the major technical birthplace but also were the important target markets in surgical robot field.And enterprises were the main research and development institutions in abroad,while colleges and universities were main institutions in China.Conclusion: The field of surgical robotics is in a fast developing period,and endoscope and surgically mechanical arm are the focusing technical development direction and they obtain most attentions.

Two clinical ablation protocols,2C3L and stepwise,have been routinely used in our group to treat atrial fibrillation (AF),but with a less than 60％ long-term arrhythmia-free outcome achieved in patients.The goal of this study was to examine the underlying mechanism of low success in clinical outcome.MRI images from one patient were used to reconstruct a human atrial anatomical model,and fibrotic tissue was manually added to represent the arrhythmia substrate.AF was induced with standard protocols used in clinical practice.2C3L and stepwise were then used to test the efficacy of arrhythmia termination in our model.The results showed that re-entries induced in our model could not be terminated by using either 2C3L or the stepwise protocol.Although some of the induced re-entries were terminated,others emerged in new areas.Ablation using only the 2C3L or stepwise method was not sufficient to terminate all re-entries in our model,which may partially explain the poor long-term arrhythmiafree outcomes in clinical practice.Our findings also suggest that computational heart modelling is an important tool to assist in the establishment of optimal ablation strategies.

Objective To examine HIV prevalence and related risk factors among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Chongqing, and to explore the feasibility of using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in the survey. Methods Based on results from formative research, a RDS survey was designed and conducted to collect demographic, behavioral and serologic data. RDSAT was used to calculate point estimation and confidence intervals. SPSS was used for bi-variate analysis using RDSAT exported weighed data. NETDRAW was used to draw network diagram. Results Among 617 subjects recruited, the adjusted HIV and syphilis prevalence rates were 16.8% and 10.9%, respectively. 73.0% of the subjects were 20 to 29 years old and 72.9% were officially registered residents of Chongqing. 83.4% were single, with the proportion of students the highest, accounting for 24.6%. During the last six months, 83.4% of them reported ever having anal sex, and 54.0% reported having unprotected anal sex. Conclusion This survey confirmed that Chongqing had a higher reported HIV prevalence among MSM than from other Chinese cities. Comprehensive intervention services were required to address this alarmingly high prevalence, with focus on intervention through internet and those having syphilis infection. RDS seemed one of the effective ways of recruiting hidden MSM populations in Chongqing which had a large population of active MSM who did not frequently visit MSM venues as compared with snowball method.

n increasing trend.