This paper discussed the different ways on the pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine teaching to cultivate students' autonomous learning ability, promoting independent learning through PBL teaching, enhancing students' ability to think independently and practical operation using heuristic teaching.Survey results showed this student-centered, teacher-led, student-teacher interaction style pharmacology teaching model could improve the quality of teaching of Pharmacology.

Objective To study the mechanism of protective effects of total rhizoma panacis japonica saponins(tRPJS)on the cerebral ischemia injury.Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO)in rats and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models in mice were used to investigate the influence of tRPJS on the nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)activity in hippocampus region.Results tRPJS significantly decreased the contents of NOS and iNOS in hippocampus region of MCAO rat and cerebral ischemia reinfusion mouse.Conclusion tRPJS has significantly protective effects by decreasing NOS and iNOS.

Panax japonicas C.A. Meyd are mostly produced in southwestern China. It is widely used by Tujia and Miao nationality. It has the actions of reinforcing deficiency and being strong, reducing swelling and paln, dissolving stasis and stopping bleeding. Total saponins ofPanax japonicas (TSPJ) are principal active component ofPanax japonicas C.A. Meyd. The researchers found that it had remarkable therapeutic effects on the diseases, especially rheumatism and cardio-cerebrovascular in recent years. This article is to summarize the pharmacological actions of TSPJ and to provide the references for future studies.

The retrieval of literature novelty assessment projects was divided into unlimited retrieval and limited retrieval according to the retrieval terms.The redundant retrieval mode,complicated retrieval process,poor compatibility,and lack of summary that affect the retrieval effectiveness of literature novelty assessors were analyzed.The overall retrieval ability and literature analysis ability of literature novelty assessors were put forward for improving their retrieval effectiveness.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Holmium laser resection for primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HoLRBt) compared with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt). Methods Data of 212 patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into HoLRBt group(n= 101) and TURBt group (n= 111). The patients in each group were stratified into 3 risk groups (low, intermediate and high risk) according to prognostic factors for recurrence based on EAU guideline. Then, the safety of HoLRBt and TURBt groups were compared, concerning the intraoperative complications and postoperative recovery. Efficacy indicated by recurrence-free survival of the 2 groups was analyzed and compared by Kaplan-Meier technique. Results Patients' demographics including age, gender, tumor characteristics, and recurrence risk of tumor between the 2 groups were comparable(P＞0.05). No obturator nerve reflex occurred in the HoLRBt group. Meanwhile, 7 out of 111 patients in the TURBt group experienced this complication resulted bladder perforation in 3 patients. The proportion of patients needing postoperative bladder irrigation in the HoLRBt group was lower compared to the TURBt group (P＜0.05). HoLRBt was associated with shorter postoperative catheter drainage period (P＜0.05). The mean postoperative follow-up was 34 months (range 18 to 43). Recurrence-free survival after HoLRBt was similar with that of TURBt (P = 0. 283). Conclusions Compared with TURBt, HoLRBt is a feasible, safe and effective alternative for the management of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with similar therapeutic efficacy and fewer perioperative complications.HoLRBt can be widely used in clinical practice in the treatment of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

AIM: To study the dynamic changes of free radicals and antioxidative system of prostate in rats with short-term diabetes. METHODS: 48 Wistar male rats were divided into 6 groups at random (8 rats in each group). One group were injected(ip) with sodium citrate buffer to be the control group, the other 5 groups were injected (ip) with steptozocin(STZ) 60mg/kg body weight which were called diabetes group. Rats were killed after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days; superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione(GST), glutathione s-transferase(GST), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) of prostate were examined. RESULTS: The levels of MDA, GSH-px and NO in prostate homogenate of diabetes group were higher evidently as compared with control levels. The activities of SOD, GST, NOS and the levels of GSH in prostate homogenate were increased obviously after injection of STZ with control levels, then returned near to control values. CONCLUSION: The evidences mentioned above indicate that high-level of free radicals and decrease in antioxidative system rendere the prostate cells to be in oxidative stress.

To study the chemical constituents of Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr., various chromatographic methods were used, including D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS and preparative HPLC chromatographic techniques. A new labdane diterpenoid glycoside named as nervilifordoside A was isolated from 60% EtOH extract of Nerviliafordii. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated as 12, 17-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methoxy-labdan-13-en-16, 15-olide 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-O-beta-glucopyranoside on the basis of HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data as well as chemical methods.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Molecular Structure ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

The cyclodialysis cleft is a rare disease characterized by ocular hypotony and vision loss.Gonioscopy,ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are used to evaluate the cleft before treatment.The evaluation of cyclodialysis clefts provide a basis for the selection of treatment and the evaluation of effect.Current popular therapeutic approaches for cyclodialysis clefts include medical management,laser photocoagulation,transscleral diathermy,cryotherapy,cyclopexy and so on.Medical treatment is effective in small-size cyclodialysis cleft.But the indications and course of medical treatment remains controversial.Although laser photocoagulation,transscleral diathermy and cryotherapy are effective to treat cyclodialysis clefts in some cases,there are some risks,such as ocular damage,uncertainty about the effect and so on.Cyclopexy is the principal method for cyclodialysis clefts that failed to respond to conservative management,including extraocular cyclopexy,intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic.The modified cyclopexy is effective which reduces the surgical risk.For keeping the lens,intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic are not suitable.Vitrectomy combined with other method for cyclodialysis is effective for cyclodialysis clefts which combined with serious posterior segment damage.

Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibronectins ; metabolism ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron

Objective To compare differences and similarities of the content of trigonelline in Himalaica mirabilis of either wild or cultivated materials from different places. Methods An HPLC method was established to determine the content of trigonelline in Himalaica mirabilis. ZORBAX XDB-CN column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used, with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.03%acetic acid (85∶15), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, detection wavelength of 265 nm, determination wavelength of 360 nm, and column temperature of 30 ℃. Results Regression calculation was made on peak area with the reference solution concentration, and then got the regression equation A=23.409C-26.398, r=0.999 8. Trigonelline showed good linear relation with peak area among the range of 2.004-200.400 μg/mL. The average recovery of trigonelline was 99.57%, RSD=1.11%. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the content of trigonelline of either wild or cultivated materials from different places. This study laid the foundation of application of the cultivated Himalaica mirabilis.