To optimize the solvent system of high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) for diterpenoidtanshinone separation and define it's antitumor activity in vitro. Total diterpenoidtanshinone was made by CO2 supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), UPLC was applied to determining the peak area of tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in different solvents up or under phase, and the partition coefficient K values of them were calculated. CKK-8 was used to observe the inhibitory effects of diterpenoidtanshinone on human liver cancer (QGY-7703), lung cancer (PC9, A549), gastric cancer (MKN-45, HGC-27), colon cancer (HCT116), myeloma (U266, RPMI8226), and breast cancer (MCF-7). The best solvent system for HSCCC was petroleum ether-ethyl acetate-methanol-aqua (12∶8∶ 13∶7). The yield of diterpenoidtanshinone was 8.65%. Diterpenoidtanshinone has good effect of antitumor in vitro especially on human PC9 cell. The selected solvent system is suitable for diterpenoidtanshinone separation by HSCCC, and the established HSCCC method is reliable and easy for operating. Diterpenoidtanshinone has good antitumor effect in vitro.

Lotus leaf (LL) is one of the traditional Chinese herbs which can be used for both pharmaceutical and food application, and it posses lipid regulating efficacy. To observe the effect of LL on experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its potential mechanism, a NAFLD model was established by feeding SD rat with high-fat and high-glucose diet. LL was administrated to rats in experiment group at the same time. AST,ALT,Cr,BUN,GLU levels in serum were determined by automatic biochemical analyser and TNF-α,IL-6,INS,ADPN,LEP and liver NF-κB,TGF-β1 levels were determined by ELISA according to the specification of the kits. HE staining was applied for histopathological examination and RT-PCR,Western blot was applied for AdipoR2 mRNA and protein expression．Results have shown that LL could significantly decrease ALT,AST,IL-6 level in serum and NF-κB,TGF-β1 level in liver,promote adiponectin content in serum and AdipoR2 protein expression in liver and could alleviate hepatocyte lipid degeneration. These results indicating that LL has protective effect for NAFLD induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet via promoting AdipoR2 expression, improving insulin resistance and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.

Based on pharmacodynamics-component correlation analysis,the best effective part of hyperlipidemia of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae( PCR) was screened out to confirm the possible constituents with the lipid regulating effect,in order to provide a basis for the development of new drugs. Hyperlipidemia rats induced by fat emulsion were used to screen out the best hypolipidemic parts of PCR with TC,LDL-c as the index. HPLC-ESI-MS were used to analyze common constituents of the different solvent extracts from PCR. The constituents were classified and identified based on the retention time,m/z and UV spectra. And the HPLC-DAD were used to determine the contents of flavonoids( narirutin,hesperidin,didymin,nobiletin,tangeretin,3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptemthoxyflavone).Correlation analysis was conducted on the constituents and efficacy with the method of SPSS ANOVA bivariate correlation. Five extracts could significantly decrease the content of TC,LDL-c of hyperlipemia rats induced by fat emulsion,and the best effective part were95% ethanol and ethyl acetate. There were 19 common peaks in five different solvent extracts from PCR,and 17 flavonoids were identified and classified,including 10 polymethoxyflavonoids and 7 other flavonoids. According to the raw material quantity,the order of content of flavonones arranged from high to low: n-butyl alcohol part> 95% ethanol part> water part> ethyl acetate part> petroleum ether part; and the order of PMFs arranged from high to low: n-butyl alcohol part≈95% ethanol part≈ethyl acetate part > petroleum ether part > water part. The decreased percentage of TC,LDL-c was positively correlated with 10 common PMFs constituents,which suggested that PMFs may be the effective components for reducing blood lipid.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats

At present, lung cancer ranks second and first respectively in the incidence and the mortality among malignant tumors. It is urgent to find new effective anti-lung cancer drugs with less side effects and relatively defined mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis pathway is an effective way to promote tumor cell apoptosis; diterpenoid tanshinone (DT), an effective part separated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, was found to have an anti-lung cancer effect in previous studies via ERS-induced PERK-EIF2α pathway. In this paper, human lung adenocarcinoma PC9 cell line and nude mouse transplantation tumor model were applied to verify the anti-lung cancer effect of DT in vivo and in vitro, and illuminate the potential mechanism via ERS induced IRE1α/caspase 12 apoptosis pathway. The results showed that in vivo, DT could promote PC9 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, up-regulate Bip, IRE1 and TRAF2 protein expressions in tumor tissue, reduce tumor weight and alleviate bodyweight loss. In vitro, DT inhibited the proliferation of PC9 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner, and destroyed the structure of mitochondria in PC9 cell, promoted Bax, IRE1α, Bip, TRAF2 and caspase 12 protein expressions, lower Bcl-2 protein expression in a time-dependent manner. DT shows a good effect on anti-lung cancer both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism is related to the activation of ERS-induced IRE1α/caspase 12 apoptosis pathway and the promotion of cell apoptosis. ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway may be an important target of DT on anti-lung cancer.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Signal Transduction

This article aims to investigate the ameliorative effect of Linderae Radix ethanol extract on hyperlipidemia rats induced by high-fat diet and to explore its possible mechanism from the perspective of reverse cholesterol transport(RCT). SD rats were divided into normal group, model group, atorvastatin group, Linderae Radix ethanol extract(LREE) of high, medium, low dose groups. Except for the normal group, the other groups were fed with a high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia rat models; the normal group and the model group were given pure water, while each administration group was given corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for five weeks. Serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels were measured by automatic blood biochemistry analyzer; the contents of TC, TG, total bile acid(TBA) in liver and TC and TBA in feces of rats were detected by enzyme colorimetry. HE staining was used to observe the liver tissue lesions; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ATP-binding cassette G8(ABCG8) in small intestine; Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/aerfa(PPARγ/α), liver X receptor-α(LXRα), ATP-binding cassette A1(ABCA1) pathway protein and scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ(SR-BⅠ) in liver. The results showed that LREE could effectively reduce serum and liver TC, TG levels, serum LDL-c levels and AST activity, and increase HDL-c levels, but did not significant improve ALT activity and liver index; HE staining results showed that LREE could reduce liver lipid deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, LREE also increased the contents of fecal TC and TBA, and up-regulated the protein expressions of ABCG8 in small intestine and PPARγ/α, SR-BⅠ, LXRα, and ABCA1 in liver. LREE served as a positive role on hyperlipidemia model rats induced by high-fat diet, which might be related to the regulation of RCT, the promotion of the conversion of cholesterol to the liver and bile acids, and the intestinal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids. RCT regulation might be a potential mechanism of LREE against hyperlipidemia.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cholesterol/metabolism* ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Hyperlipidemias/metabolism* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides/metabolism*

Pneumoconiosis, an interstitial lung disease that occurs from breathing in certain kinds of damaging dust particles, is a major occupational disease in China. Patients diagnosed with occupational pneumoconiosis can avail of free medical treatment, whereas patients without a diagnosis of occupational diseases cannot not claim free medical treatment in most provinces from the government before 2019. This study aimed to analyze the priority of medical facility selection and its influencing factors among patients with pneumoconiosis. A total of 1,037 patients with pneumoconiosis from nine provinces in China were investigated. The health service institutions most frequently selected by the patients were county-level hospitals (37.5%). The main reason for the choice was these hospitals' close distance to the patients' homes (47.3%). The factors for the choice of health care institutions were living in the eastern region (
Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data* ; Pneumoconiosis/therapy* ; Rural Population ; Silicosis ; Smoking

OBJECTIVEThis study is to examine the influence of familiarity on energy intake, eating behavior, and concentration of the plasma gut hormones in lean and overweight young male subjects.

METHODSTwenty-eight lean and twenty-eight overweight participants were recruited. Their food consumption was documented and analyzed when they had a test meal while they were paired with friends or strangers at the same weight stature. Their eating behavior was recorded with cameras hidden in the carton, and postprandial plasma gut hormone concentration were measured.

RESULTSCompared with overweight strangers (OS), overweight friends (OF) had increased food consumption, prolonged and decreased number of chews per 10 g food. Compared with OS, postprandial plasma concentration of cholecystokinin-8 was significantly lower in OF group at 30, 60, and 90 min, whereas the concentration of glucagon-like peptide 1 was significantly lower at 60 and 90 min. Plasma ghrelin concentration was significantly higher in the OF group than that in the OS group at 90 and 120 min. No significant differences in gut hormone concentration were observed between lean strangers (LS) and lean friends (LF) groups at all time points.

CONCLUSIONFamiliarity plays an important role in increasing energy intake and in changing of postprandial gut hormone concentration in overweight individuals.

Objective: To compare the application effect of the colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and novel risk-adapted screening approach in colorectal cancer screening in Xuzhou population. Methods: From May 2018 to April 2019, 4 280 subjects aged 50-74 were recruited from Gulou district, Yunlong district and Quanshan district of Xuzhou. They were randomly assigned to the colonoscopy group (n=863), FIT group (n=1 723) and novel risk-adapted screening approach group (n=1 694) according to the ratio of 1∶2∶2. For the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, after the risk assessment, high-risk subjects were invited to undergo colonoscopy and low-risk subjects were invited to undergo FIT examination. All FIT positive subjects were invited to undergo colonoscopy. Colonoscopy participation rate [(the number of colonoscopies completed/the number of colonoscopies invited to participate)×100%], detection rate of colorectal lesions [(the number of diagnosed patients/the number of colonoscopies completed)×100%], colonoscopy resource load (the number of colonoscopies completed/the number of diagnosed advanced tumors) and FIT resource load in each group were calculated and compared. Results: The age of all subjects was (61±6) years old, including 1 816 males (42.43%). There was no statistically significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects in different screening groups. The colonoscopy participation rate was 22.60% (195/863) in the colonoscopy group, 57.04% (77/135) in the FIT group, and 33.94% (149/439) in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, respectively. The colonoscopy participation rate was higher in the FIT group than in the colonoscopy group and the novel risk-adapted screening approach group (P<0.001). The colonoscopy participation rate of novel risk-adapted screening group was significantly higher than the colonoscopy group (P<0.001). The detection rates of advanced tumors were 6.67% (13/195), 9.09% (7/77) and 8.72% (13/149), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The colonoscopy resource load (95%CI) was 15 (13-17) in the colonoscopy group, 11 (9-14) in the FIT group and 11 (10-13) in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group, respectively. Among them, the colonoscopy resource load of high-risk individuals in the novel risk-adapted screening approach group was 12 (9-15). FIT resource loads (95%CI) were 207 (196-218) and 88 (83-94) in the FIT group and the novel risk-adapted screening approach group. Conclusion: The combined application of risk-adapted screening approach and FIT may have a good application effect in colorectal cancer screening.
Aged ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Feces ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Occult Blood