To compare the effects of laparoscopic total or subtotal hysterectomy and myomectomy on ovarian reserve by measuring the serum level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH).A total of 96 patients with uterine fibroids underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH group,n =32),laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy (LSH group,n =31) and laparoscopic myomectomy (LM group,n =33).Changes in ovarian reserve were examined by measuring the level of AMH pre-operation and at 1 and 4 months post-operation.No significant differences existed in AMH in LM group[(1.42 ±0.65),(1.31 ±0.53) & (1.33 ±0.61) μg/L,P ＞ 0.05].The levels of AMH in both groups were significantly lower than those at pre-operation [(1.17 ± 0.11),(1.01 ±0.10),(0.48±0.54) & (1.18±0.93),(0.45 ±0.39),(0.14±0.0) μg/L,P＜0.001].The mean percentage decrease in AMH was lower in TLH group than that in LSH group at 4-month follow-up [(-37.4 ± 37.6) ％ vs.(-27.0 ± 23.0) ％,P =0.017].The results showed that LM had no effect on ovarian reserve.Both LSH and TLH had adverse effects on ovarian reserve and TLH was more marked.

To provide accurate information on geographic distribution of crude drug Sailonggu in the plateau, we identified zokor species (Eospalax spp.) in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using molecular methods. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome B (cytb) gene sequences, we then extracted haplotypes from these sequences and reconstructed phylogenetic trees for the haplotypes using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Based on the trees, the species of each sample were determined. Five hundred and three samples from 35 populations were sequenced and their whole cytb sequences (1140 bp) were obtained. From these sequences 150 haplotypes were detected, in which, 126 were Eospalax baileyi, 20 were E. cansus, and 4 were E. smithi of the 35 populations, 28 were E. baileyi type, 5 were E. cansus type, and the remaining 2 were mixed of E. baileyi + E. cansus (DT2) and E. baileyi + E. smithi (ZN3). The results showed that, the regions around the Qinghai lake and near the upper stream of Yellow River started at Guide could be viewed as the producing area of authentic Sailonggu, and also, the cytb gene is a powerful molecular marker to determine the species of zokors as well as for the authentication of geographic distribution of Sailonggu.
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Haplotypes ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Phylogeny ; Rodentia ; classification ; genetics

Objective To analyze the utility of MRI with multiple contrast and dynamic contrast weightings enhancement(DCE) in evaluation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits were fed with hypercholesterolemic diet,and right iliac arteries including the common and external iliac arteries were examined by multiple contrast and DCE MRI at intervals 6 to 20 weeks after balloon denudation.For multiple contrast weightings scanning,T1-,T1-/T2WI with fat suppression,proton density weighted and double invention recovery were used.Meanwhile,post DCE T1-with fat suppression images were obtained in 1,5,15 and 25 min after a bolus injection of Gd-DTPA contrast agent.Then a comparative analysis of plaque morphology and components to images was performed. Results There were 34(42.5%) vulnerable plaques and 46(57.5%) stable plaques amomg the 80 atherosclerotic lesions located at the right common or external iliac arteries.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of MRI with multiple contrast weightings and DCE for the detection of vulnerable plaques were 87.5%,94.1% and 82.6%,respectively,significantly higher than those only with multiple contrast weightings,which were 73.8%,82.3% and 67.4%,respectively(P

The antitussive activity assay for the root extraction of Disporum cantoniense was carried out with coughing mice induced by ammonia liquor. The results showed that the ethanol and water extractions of D. cantoniense possess strong antitussive activity, and the high dose of the former was better than positive control, and then the constituents of the ethanol extraction were separated and purified by various modern chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. As a result, eight compounds were isolated and identified as stigmast-4-en-3-one(1), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol(2), obtucarbamate A(3), obtucarbamate B(4), neotigogenin(5), azo-2, 2'-bis[Z-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxy) phenyl ethylene] (6),dimethyl {[carbonylbis (azanediyl)] bis( 2-methyl-5, 1-phenylene) j dicarbamate (7) , and quercetin-3-O-pB-D-glucopyranoside(8). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and the result of bioactivity-directed isolation showed that compounds 3, 4, and 6 had obvious effect on antitussive activity, and compound 6 had the same level as positive control.
Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Female ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice

Objective To evaluate the effects of mild hypothermia therapy on cerebral function and edema as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) during the first 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)in a porcine model.Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 33 Inbred Wuzhishan miniature swine.After ventricular fibrillation untreated for 8 min,standard CPR was initiated and 30 animals got ROSC.The ROSC animals were randomly (random number)assigned to normothermia group (n=15 ) and hypothermia group (n =15 ).The hypothermia group immediately received endovascular cooling to regulate temperature to 33 ℃,which was maintained for 12 h,followed by passive rewarming at 0.5 ℃/h to 37 ℃.The two groups were scanned to get Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)at baseline (before experiment),6 h,12 h,24 h,and 72 h after ROSC.The statistical analysis was carried out with Student t test,One-way repeated-measures and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results Compared with the normothermia group,the hypothermia group exhibited a higher 72-h survival rate (73.3% vs.40%,P<0.05),lower neurological deficit scores (43.81 vs.119.50;P<0.01),a lesser decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficient during DWI and milder cerebral edema on DWI image. Conclusions Cerebral edema occurred at early stage after ROSC.Cerebral edema was worst at 6 hours after ROSC and then subsided gradually.Hypothermia therapy could reduce cerebral edema and produce a protective effect on neurological function.MRI could effectively reflect the underlying trend of cerebral injury of swine within the first 72 h after ROSC,and demonstrated that hypothermia could reduce brain edema, increase cerebral blood flow,and reduce the production of toxic metabolites.DWI could monitor brain injury after resuscitation and could be used to evaluate the efficacy of hypothermia intervention dynamically.

Objective To investigate the effects of Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine on immunological function and clinical character in elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MethodsA total of 100 elderly patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into immunotherapy group (group A, n= 50) and non-immunotherapy group (group B, n= 50), and normal control group (group C, n = 50). The levels of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ , CD4+, CD8+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio), natural killer cells (NK cells), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a) were measured respectively before and after therapy. Group A and B were followed up for 1 year, then the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization of patients in the two groups were also compared. Results The levels of CD4 + ,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells in group A, B were significantly lower before therapy (P＜0. 05～0. 01＝, and the levels of IL-6, IL -8, TNF-a and IgA were significantly higher than in group C (P＜0. 01＝. After treatment with Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine in group A, the levels of CD4+ , CD4+/CD8+ ratio and NK cells were significantly higher (P＜0. 05-0. 01＝ and IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and IgA were significantly lower than before treatment (all P＜0. 01＝. These levels showed no significant changes in group B after treatment (P＞0. 05). After 1-year follow-up, the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization on patients were statistically lower in group A than in group B (P＜ 0. 01 ).ConclusionsMycobacterium vaccae vaccine can improve cellular immunity function and reduce the times of acute outbreak and hospitalization in patients with stable COPD, so it has a higher clinical application value.

Increased recognition of human parvovirus B19,as a significant human pathogen has resulted in intensive researches to understand the pathogenesis of B19 infection,to elucidate the nature of Th1-mediated cellular immune response,to improve diagnostic strategy that is deployed to detect B19 infection and blood-product contamination,and to lay a foundation that should contribute to the development of an effective vaccine to prevent B19 infection.In this review,the biologic characteristics and the pathogenesis of human parvovirus B19,and B19-related manifestations as well as laboratory diagnostic methods for B19 infection were comprehensively discussed.

Objective:To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signal pathway in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:Animal model of stress-induced gastric ulcer was established in rats with water-immersion restraint(WIR)stress.The mucosal activation of ERK1/2 was observed before and 5,15 and 30 min,and 1, 2 and 3.5 h after WIR stress.Some animals were also treated with an intravenous injection of PD98059(1 mg/kg),a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor,1 h prior to WIR stress.Expression of total ERK1/2 and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot analysis; ERK1/2 activity was measured by kinase activity assay using myelin basic protein as a specific substrate.DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1(AP-1)and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B)were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA).Mucosal TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blot analysis.The degrees of the gastric mucosal lesions were expressed as ulcer index(UI)and pathological evaluation.Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa was examined by an in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)method.Results:Activated ERK1/2 was very weakly expressed in the gastric mucosa of normal rats.ERK1/2 was rapidly activated in the gastric mucosa of rats 15 min after WIR stress and the activity reached the maximal after 3.5 h.Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 activation,decreased AP-1 and NF-?B activities and TNF-?and IL-1?mRNA expression,and obviously relieved gastric mucosal lesions,accompanied by caspase-3 activation and increased apoptosis.Conclusion:The present results indicate that ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of patients with iodine deficiency disorders,and to find out the eliminating process of iodine deficiency disorders and the iodine nutritional status of population before adjustment of iodine level in edible salt in Fujian Province.Methods Thirty counties(cities,districts) were sampled by population proportion probability sampling in the whole Province in 2011; one primary school was selected from each of those 30 counties(cities,districts) ; 40 children aged 8-10 were selected from each of those 30 primary schools; thyroid volume of these children was examined by type-B ultrasound and the iodine level in edible salt from those 40 households was tested by the method of direct titration.Twelve urine samples of those 40 children were collected randomly,and urinary iodine level was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Resident's per capita salt intake was calculated by the three-day-weighing method.In the village(where the school was in),5 drinking water samples were collected in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of the village.If the water supply was centralized in the village,then 2 tap water samples were collected.Water iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Three townships(towns,street offices)were selected in the vicinity of those schools; 5 pregnant and 5 lactating women were selected in each of those 3 townships (towns,street offices).Their urinary iodine level was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results Totally 1219 children aged 8 to 10 were examined,and their goiter rate was 4.92％(60/1219).Three hundred and sixty three urine samples were tested,and the median urinary iodine level was 223 μg/L.Among them,urinary iodine ＜ 50 μg/L accounted for 5.2％ (19/363),and ＜ 100 μg/L accounted for 14.6％ (53/363).The median urinary iodine level of pregnant women was 147.2 μg/L,and 52.0％(235/452) of them were less than 150 μg/L.The median urinary iodine level of lactating women was 134.1 μg/L.The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.4％ (1143/1211).Per capita daily salt intake was 6 g,and 81.4％ (293/360) of the residents' intake was less than 9 g.The median iodine content of drinking water was 6.2 μg/L,and 89.5％ (68/76) of them was less than 10 μg/L.Conclusions All indicators have met the national standard of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in Fujian Province in 2011.But there is an iodine deficiency problem in pregnant women,and these women should be given extra iodine supplement.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of Chinese patent medicine. METHODS:The influencing fac-tors of rational use of Chinese patent medicine was investigated in respects of the selection of Chinese patent medicine,drug combi-nation,usage and dosage,clinical evaluation,pharmacoeconomic evaluation. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Chinese patent medi-cine is a characteristic product of traditional Chinese medicine. It is a complex and important issue to use Chinese patent medicine rationally. It should be considered in many ways,not only pay attention to the principle of clinical use of Chinese patent medicine, but also need to carry out clinical evaluation of Chinese patent medicine;at the same time,the economics of Chinese patent medi-cine should be focused on.