Objective Focusing on the problem such as slow scanning speed, complex system design and low light efficiency, a new parallel confocal 3D profile detecting method based on optical fiber technology, which realizes whole-field confocal detecting, is proposed. Methods The optical fiber plate generates an 2D point light source array, which splits one light beam into N2 subbeams and act the role of pinholes as point source and point detecting to filter the stray light and reflect light. By introducing the construction and working principle of the multi-beam 3D detecting system, the feasibility is investigated. Results Experiment result indicates that the optical fiber technology is applicable in rotation. The measuring parameters that influence the detecting can easily be adapted to satisfy different requirments of measurement. Compared with the conventional confocal method, the parallel confocal detecting system using optical fiber plate is simple in the mechanism, the measuring field is larger and the speed is faster.

Objective To determine the placental transfer of epidural levobupivacaine for cesarean section. Methods Sixty parturients (ASA ⅠorⅡ) aged 24-35 yr weighing 60-80 kg undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were studied. Epidural anesthesia was performed at L1,2 or L1,3 interspace. The catheter was advanced 3 cm cephalad into the epidural space. A test dose of 0.5% levobupivacaine 5 ml with 1:200 000 epinephrine was injected. If there were no signs of subarachnoid injection in 5 min, 9-12 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine was administered twice at 5 min interval. Arterial blood samples were taken from the double- clamped umbilical cord segment at delivery for determination of blood pH. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were recorded. Blood samples were taken from maternal and umbilical vein for determination of plasma levobupivacaine concentration by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC). Results The pH of the umbilical arterial blood was ≥ 7.25. The Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min after birth were ≥ 7.0. The levobupivacaine concentration of maternal and umbilical venous blood was 0.35±0.24 and (0.24 ±0.21) μg/ml respectively at the time of delivery. The ratio of umbilical and maternal venous blood levobupivacaine concentration was 0.7 ± 0.3. Conclusion Epidural levobupivacaine can cross the placenta during cesarean section. The ratio of umbilical and maternal venous blood levobupivacaine concentration is 0.7.

Executive Function ; Humans ; Prefrontal Cortex ; physiology

Objective To investigate the changes of expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) after sleep deprivation(SD) in rats,and to study the effects of Xingnaojing on them. Methods Rapid eye movement(REM) SD models(SD group,n=40) were established by the modified multiple platform methods.The rats in SD group were subjected to drug intervention group(n=20) and non-drug intervention group(n=20).Xingnaojing injection was administered to the drug intervention group.Rats in SD group were deprived of sleep for 1,3,5 and 7 d. The expression of nNOS in brain tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The rats without SD were severed as cage control group(n=10) and tank control group(n=10). Results The expression of positive cells of nNOS in brain tissues increased with the time of SD,and Xingnaojing decreased the number of positive cells of nNOS.The area density of positive reaction cells in SD group was significantly higher than those in cage control group and tank control group(P

AIM: To analyze the effects of two kinds of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs, conbercept and ranibizumab, on proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients as pre-treatment for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).METHODS: From June 2016 to December 2016, 62 patients (64 eyes) aged 41-59 years old diagnosed with PDR with nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage (VH) and/or tractional retinal detachment (TRD) requiring PPV were enrolled in our study.Patients were treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs 0.50mg (0.05mL) 3d before PPV.Then the standard 23G minimally invasive sclera three-channel vitrectomy was performed where there were no significant complications after the injection of anti-VEGF drugs.The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, iatrogenic retinal breaks, the use of endodiathermy and silicone oil, and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.We compared and analyzed the visual acuity and macular thickness before and 1mo after the surgery with the preoperative data.RESULTS: Both conbercept and ranibizumab could improve the postoperative visual acuity and reduce the postoperative macular thickness of PPV.There was no significant difference between the impacts of two kinds of anti-VEGF drug pre-treatment on operation time, intraoperative bleeding, iatrogenic retinal breaks, the use of endodiathermy, silicone oil filling and postoperative vitreous secondary hemorrhage.CONCLUSION: The effects of conbercept and ranibizumab pre-treatment were similar.PPV combined with anti-VEGF pre-treatment could improve postoperative visual acuity and macular edema.The choice of conbercept or ranibizumab should be made flexibly according to the actual situation of patients.

ObjectiveTo explore influence of emergency nursing process reengineering on the satisfac-tion degree of patients, quality of rescue, rescue time and success rate of rescue. MethodsEvidence-based nursing method was used for emergency nursing process reengineering. The first 30 types of acute and sever diseases and the first 6 large emergency events in 2008 were chosen as the rescue objectves, and they received new emergency nursing process. Influence of classic emergency nursing process in 2007 was retrieved and revalued. The satisfaction degree of patients, quality of emergency nursing and success rate of emergency before and after process reengineering were compared and analyzed. ResultsCompared with that before process reengineering, the satisfaction degree of experts, doctors and nurses, and patients was higher, the quality of emergency nursing greatly improved, the rescue time was less, and the success rate of rescue was higher after process reengineering. ConclusionsEmergency nursing process reengineering was more hu-man oriented. It can rescue patients with acute and severe diseases with lest time, reduce disputes between nurses and patients. It is worthy of application in clinic and the process should be reengineered and im-proved constantly in the future.

AIM: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on gelatinase,nitric oxide synthase and the permeability of brain blood barrier(BBB) in ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) mice. METHODS: Using cerebral I/R models, during the reperfusion period, 0.25 MPa (ATA) HBO were applied 5 times. matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,9, nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and evans blue (EB) in brain were measured. RESULTS: ①HBO had significanty effect on MMP-9, but had little effect on MMP-2. ② HBO decreased the activity of NOS.③ The maxium amount of EB in IR group was at 4 hours after reperfusion and gradually decreased at 11 h, 23 h,48 h, 72 h. CONCLUSION: HBO may decrease the activities of MMP-9,NOS and the permeability of BBB in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)on the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA in the brain tissues after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,and the permeability of blood brain barrier(BBB).Methods Using cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models with conscious mice,0.25 MPa(atmosphaera absolutus,ATA)HBO was applied 5 times during the reperfusion period,and 2%Evan's blue(EB)was injected into the tail vein 1 hour before the animals were sacrificed.The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA and EB content were determined by RT-PCR and spectrophotometry.Results The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA aswell as EB content significantly increased in the ischemia-reperfusion group as compared with a sham surgery group.The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA,and EB levels in the HBO group were similar to those in the sham surgery group.The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA and EB levels in the group given HBO plus reperfusion group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the group receiving reperfusion alone. Conclusion HBO can significandy reduce the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA and the permeability of the BBB.

Background and purpose: Radiation therapy is still the most primary treatment of brain metastases, and prognosis is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors and to establish a prognostic index model in patients with brain metastases after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We reviewed the clinical date of 140 patients with brain metastases radiotherapy in our hospital from Jan. 2008 to Jul. 2011. The signiifcance of prognostic variables in the survival was resulted from both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The prognostic index (PI) was established based on Cox regression analysis and subgrouping values. It was assessed whether recursive partitioning analysis classes (RPA), basic score for brain metastases (BS-BM) and the graded prognostic assessment index (GPA) were related to prognosis. Results:The median survival time was 222 days. The univariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors were KPS performance status, number of brain metastases, presence of extracranial metastases, primary tumor status, radiation dose, hemoglobin. The multivariate analysis showed that KPS performance status (P=0.002, Wald=9.700), presence of extracranial metastases (P=0.018, Wald=5.604) and primary tumor status (P=0.001, Wald=10.212) were signiifcantly correlated with overall survival. RPA, BS-BM and GPA were closely related to their prognosis by Log-rank test. In predicting 3 months and 6 months of survival for patients, PI was better than other modes. Conclusion:Our data suggest that the 3 indexes RPA,BS-BM and GPA are valid prognostic index models, but PI model is better.

The prognosis of patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cance (NSCLC) is dismal,and whole brain radiation therapy(WBRT) cannot simultaneously control the extracranial lesions.Study results of Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) for brain metastases in patients with lung cancer are encouraging,and treatment efficacy is related to EGFR mutation status.The sensitizing theoretical foundation exists in utilizing erlotinib combined with WBRT for the treatment in brain metastases patients with lung cancer.Currently,a small clinical trial data shows that erlotinib combined with WBRT has better efficacy compared to erlotinib alone,and the toxicity can be tolerated.