The free radicals are some substances which have important influence on the human health. They both have salutary and harmful aspects to the human health. The role of free radicals in the lung cancer induced by physical and chemical factors such as smoking, occupational dust particles, metal ions, quartz, asbestos were briefly discussed in this article.

Objective To review the experience of minimally invasive incision for open-heart surgery in 56 children with congenital heart diseases.Methods There were secundum atrial septal defect (ASD)25 cases, ventrilcular septal defect (VSD) 26 cases, double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) 2 cases and pulmonary arterial stenosis (PS) 3 cases,right anterior-lateral thoracotomy for 23 cases in heart beat CPB and ministernotomy for 33 cases participated in the study.Results No death or serious complications happened,and the patients' postoperative recovery rapidly,mean hospital stay was 8 days .Conclusions Minimally invasive incision has followe as advantages,such as :less trauma, cosmetic, less pain, recovery rapid, safeness, effectiveness, and shorter hospital stay,especially for repairing the secundum atrial septal defect, membranous or para-membranous ventrilcular septal defect.

Objective To study the relation of leptin,TNF-? in serum of patients with metabolic syndrome and its components.Methods Test leptin and TNF-? level of residents over 20 years old in two communities in Harbin City,grouping case-control study base on the constitutive ratio of actual age.Results Leptin was associated with obesity,and the higher leptin levels,the higher risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome.The relationship between leptin levels and metabolic syndrome was affected by age and gender.The lower level of TNF-?,the higher risk of metabolic syndrome.The patients with lower level of TNF-? were 1.859 times more likely to suffer from disease compared with people with higher level.Conclusion The effects of high level of leptin are significant on metabolic syndrome,especially for old males,and are associated with obesity component.TNF-? is related to plasma glucose and blood presure,and is good for metabolic syndrome,but its biological mechenism should be researched continuously.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of treatment of lung cancer with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Polysaccharides nucleic acid (BCG-PSN) combined with Cyclophosphamide(Cy). Methods 130 mice were divided into three groups (A,B and C groups). Gruop A was further divided into four subgroups . Subgroup A-1 was given normal saline orally 0.25mg/10g?d -1 ; Subgroup A-2 was given levomisole PO. 0.25mg/10g?d -1 ; Subgroup A-3 was given BCG-PSN PO.0.325mg/10g?d -1 and subgroup A-4 was given BCG-PSN by intra-abdominal injection 0.25mg/10g?d -1 . Group B was given identical drugs with group A, after fifth day given 20% sheep red blood cell 0.2ml by intra-abdominal injection for five days . Gruop C divided into five subgroups;Subgroup C1-4 were given same drugs with group A,then given 0.4% Cy by subcutaneous injection 0.25mg/10g?d -1 from fifth day to tenth day.Subgroup C-5 was normal contral group, was given normal saline 0.25mg/10g?d -1 PO and subcutaneous injection 0.25mg/10g?d -1 .Results Oral administration alone or intra-abdominal injection in subgroup A-4 obviously enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages.The subcutaneous injection of Cy could obviously decrease anti-tumour immunity, including activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2),natural killer(NK) cell, lyphocyte trasformation, and macrophages phagocytosis. BCG-PSN could increase and rehabilitate above anti-tumour immunological function. Conclusions Combinative treatment of BCG-PSN with Cy could remarkable enhance the immunocompetence.This experiment may provide a theoretical evidence for BCG-PSN combined with chemotheapeutic agents applied to treat the lung cancer.

Objective To summarize our experience in managing cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) rhinorrhea. Methods 82 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea treated in our department from 1995 to 1999 were reviewed retrospectively. 61 were male and 21 were female.They ranged from 2 to 82 years old.CSF leak was caused by trauma in 43 cases,iatrogenic injury in 18 cases and spontaneous leak occurred in 21 cases. Results 36 cases underwent surgical repair.The closure rate was 86 11%.Otorhinolaryngologists underwent 25 cases,and 23 cases succeeded (92%).The department of neurology underwent 11 cases,and 8 cases succeeded (72 7%). Conclusions The repair of CSF leak through transnasal extracranial approach can obtain better therapeutic results,especially through intranasal endoscopy.

AIM: To evaluate posterior capsular opacification (PCO) with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL, Sensar AR40e) and silicone IOLs after cataract surgery, to use a software program developed to provide an objective assessment of the amount of PCO in the digital images of the posterior capsule to quantify PCO. METHODS: Ninety-eight eyes underwent standardized phacoemulsification and "in the bag" IOL placement, were randomized to receive a three piece lens of hydrophobic acrylic or silicone, but lens materials were different in one case. In year 1 and 2, digitized retro-illumination images were taken from the posterior capsule. Images were analyzed by POCO software program, removing the Purkinje light reflexes, contrast enhancement, filtering to enhance low-density PCO. RESULTS: The percentage of PCO were 0.32±0.13 of hydrophobic acrylic IOLs in year 1, compared with 0.39±0.17 of silicone (P=0.37). In year 2, the percentage of PCO were 0.42±0.20 with hydrophobic acrylic IOLs and 0.34±0.18 with silicone IOLs (P=0.50). Of those patients with PCO in year 1 and 2, severity grades were 0.50±0.30 and 0.82±0.58 of hydrophobic acrylic cases, compared with 0.63±0.35 and 0.55±0.35 of patients with silicone IOLs (P=0.52,P=0.69) with no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: The POCO system is capable of producing an objective and repeatable measure of PCO that is relevant to assessing techniques of PCO prevention.

Objective: This study was to observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis.Methods: Ninety patients with diabetic gastroparesis were randomly allocated into 2 groups,a treatment group(45 subjects)to receive acupuncture treatment,and a control group(45 subjects)to take domperidone tablet.Results: Four treatment courses later,the total effective rate was 91.1% in the treatment group and 64.4% in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion: The diabetic gastroparesis responds well to acupuncture treatment.

In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo, we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups, then observed their lung indexes, pulmonary pathological changes, pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers, living time and death rates. The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93, 1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84, 0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01). In addition,the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d, 8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01). The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05), and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).