AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for super high myopia.METHODS: Totally 64 cases (128 eyes) patients with super high myopia, were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 32 cases (64 eyes) in each group.The two groups were separately treated with SMILE or femtosecond laser LASIK (FS-LASIK).We calculated the effectiveness index and safety index by contrastive observation of clinical effects in all patients included uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity and postoperative spherical equivalent at preoperative and postoperative 1d, 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo.RESULTS: The safety index: the observation group and the control group at 6mo after operation were respectively 1.10±0.10 and 1.08±0.12, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The validity index: the observation group and the control group at 6mo after operation were respectively 1.08±0.12 and 1.06±0.14 and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Postoperative spherical equivalent at 6mo in the observation group was 0.09±0.36D, that in the control group was 0.36±0.46D.After 6mo, the count of spherical equivalent refraction within ±0.50D were 58 eyes (90.1%) in observation group and 49 eyes (76.6%) in the control group, within±1.0D were 64 eyes (100%) and 60 eyes(93.8%).CONCLUSION: SMILE is safe and effective in the treatment for super high myopia.The postoperative visual acuity and diopter can be stabilized earlier by comparing with FS-LASIK.

BACKGROUND: Biliary complications are the common complication of liver transplantation. However, it is difficult to find the complications, since no obvious characteristic signs on the patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may provide a comprehensive evaluation of the functions and complications of the transplanted liver as a safe, noninvasive and exact technique.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the manifestation of biliary system after liver transplantation by MRCP and its value of diagnosis of biliary complications.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 13 male liver transplantation patients aged from 40-58 years, who received imaging examination at Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2003 to January 2005, were enrolled. Original causes of liver failure included cirrhosis (n =11) and primal hepatic carcinoma (n =2). Ten received orthotopic liver transplantation, while 3 received piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation. Anastomotic mode of bile duct was common bile duct end-to-end anastomosis. The interval between transplantation and MRI examination ranged from 15 days to 1 year. All patients knew the items of examination and agreed to participate in the experiment.METHODS: Thirteen patients with orthotopic liver transplantation underwent turbo spin-echo (TSE) and fast low angle shot (FLASH), MRCP, Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI to analyze the characteristics of each imaging after liver transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The imaging findings of the reestablished bile duct and complications of bile duct at MRCP.RESULTS: The diameters of bile duct and caliber were normal, no stricture on anastomotic stoma in 3 patients.Thick-section planes of MRCP did not develop biliary duct of one case. Biliary dilation occurred in 8 patients. There were 5 cases of biliary strictures and 2 cases of choledochus stone. Mucocele of bile duct remnant was identified in 2 cases.Bile leakage occurred in 1 case after T-tube was removed. Rejection reaction occurred in 2 cases.CONCLUSION: MRCP not only can display the image of reestablished biliary tract after liver transplantation, but also can exactly diagnose complications rapidly.

BACKGROUND: Sonography is believed by many scholars to be sensitive for the detection of hepatic arterial thrombosis and stenosis, but it is difficult to show the anastomotic vascular stenosis. MR angiography is better than sonography in the display of vascular anatomy and the diagnosis of various vascular complications after liver transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of MR angiography (MRA) in the display of vascular anatomy and the diagnosis of various vascular complications after liver transplantation.DESIGN: Contrast trial observation.SETTING: Medical Imaging Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Eleven adult male patients had undergone liver transplantations at Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 2004 and December 2006. They ranged in age from 40 to 58 years, average 49 yeas. Original causes of liver failure in the study group included cirrhosis (n =9) and primal hepatic carcinoma (n =2) diagnosed by pathohistological methods. And 9 cases had undergone orthotopic liver transplantations while 2 cases with piggy-back liver transplantation.METHODS: Eleven consecutive adult patients underwent MR imaging examinations after orthotopic liver transplantation using a breath-hold 2D True Fast Imaging with Stead-state Precession and Fast Low Angle Shot. MR triphasic contrast-enhanced 3D imaging was also performed. Enhancement scan: A final gadolinium-enhanced axial and coronal T1WI spin-echo sequence with spectral fat saturation was performed after completion of the MRA. The vascular diameter stenosis was calculated according to S (S=[(D-d)/D]×100%) by ECST method, d as the inner diameter of the most obvious stenosis while D as normal diameter. Degree of stenosis: normal as S 0-30%, mild stenosis as S 31%-50%, moderate stenosis as S 51%-85%, and severe stenosis as S 86%-100%. Then the imaging findings after liver transplantation were analyzed. Meanwhile the sonography was performed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① MR Image analysis of vascular anatomy and vascular complications after liver transplantation.②Normal findings after liver transplantation by using sonography.RESULTS: All 11 patients were involved in the result analysis.①MRA: The anastomosis of hepatic artery, portal vein and inferior vena cava were smooth in 3 cases. The high signal intensity was seen around portal vein at T2WI in 1 case with a shorter interval after transplantation and persisted 3 weeks. In 1 case, the caliber of the donor portion was smaller than the recipient portion. Among other 8 cases, hepatic artery complication included hepatic artery winding in 2 cases and aneurysm formation of donor's hepatic artery in 2 cases, but the twig of the hepatic artery was normal. Mild Portal vein stenosis at the anastomosis was found in 2 cases, caused by the different calibers of the donor portion from the recipient portion, but the inter-hepatic branches of the portal vein were normal. Clubbed dilatation of hepatic veins end-brush was depicted in 2 cases whose inferior vena cava at the anastomosis was not stenosis. Inferior vena cava thrombosis was found in 1 case. The thrombus displayed the low signal intensity in the high signal intensity of inferior vena cava. By follow-up examination, the degree of clubbed dilatation of hepatic veins end-brush reduced after half a year and inferior vena cava thrombosis disappeared by treatment. ②Sonography: By ultrasound examination, 1 case who had hepatic artery winding combining to aneurysm formation of donor's hepatic artery was discovered just hepatic artery winding. In 2cases that had mild portal vein stenosis at the anastomosis, 1 case was diagnosed normal while the other was not affirmed. The clubbed dilatation of hepatic veins end-brush was not depicted. The others were same as MRI diagnosis.CONCLUSION: Dynamic enhanced 3D MRA imaging can provide a comprehensive assessment of vascular anatomy in most recipients of liver transplants, and is an accurate and quick method to diagnose the vascular complication after liver transplantation.

Objective To explore the value of CT in diagnosing abdominal leiomyosarcoma.Methods CT findings of abdominal leiomyosarcomas conformed pathologically in 9 patients were analyzed.Results The tumors localized in peritoneum in 3 cases,in stomach in 3 cases,in rectum,colon and uterus in 1 case respectively.On plain CT scan,the tumors appeared as unhomogeneous dense masses with mecrosis at the centre,the periphery of tumors was flocculation or ringlike,and having fluid-fluid level in 1 case.The delayed peripheral enhancement on contrast CT could be seen.Conclusion CT imaging can help to diagnosis the abdominal leiomyosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical values and influencing factors of1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS) in breast tumors.Methods Thirty-eight patients with breast tumors confirmed pathologically,including 20 cases of breast cancers and 18 cases of benign tumors examined by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and1H-MRS were studied retrospectively in comparison with pathology.The value of1H-MRS in detecting breast cancers was evaluated.Results On1H-MRS,11 breast cancers had increased choline peaks and 3 benign tumors presented increased choline peaks.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 55.0%,83.3%and 68.4% respectively by using choline peak to detect breast cancers.Conclusion 1H-MRS has high diagnostic specificity for breast cancer.The low sensitivity of Choline to be detected rate in breast cancer is mainly dues to the lesions and technique factors.

The changes of the dietary composition of Shanghai population from 1950 to 1985 were investigated and the relationship between the dietary composition and the mortality of diseases of the population was analysed with retrospective method. The results showed that the amount of consumption of grain was decreased but that of animal foods increased (except that around 1960) year after year during the past 35 years. The consumption of meat and eggs in 1985 was 2.8 and 4.9 times , higher than that in 1950 respectively. The intake of carbohydrates was decreased but- that of fat increased year by year. The ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturated fats (P/S) was decreased and there was a trend of excess intake of fat. The mortalities from malignant tumours, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were increased year by year, which correlated strongly with the consumption of dietary saturated fat. On the other hand the intake of protein, calcium and riboflavm was lower. Therefore, the dietary composition of Shanghai population was imperatively adjusted.

Objective To Summarize experence of Dynamic Hip Screw for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Methods 54 cases with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were treated by DHS internal fixation. Results All patients were followed up for 4～36 months with an average of 7 months. Satisfactory effect was obtained. Conclusions The recovery of intact posterointernal cortex of femoral intertrochante, the standard postiton of fixation of DHS and an incarease in postoperative functional exercise are the key to obtain a satisfactory therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on anoxiareoxygenation (A/R)-induced injury to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes incubated in high glucose medium.Methods Cardiomyocytes were obtained from 1-3-day old Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in the culture medium containing 15％ bovine calf serum and then seeded onto 6-well plates at a density of 10 × 105/ml (3 ml/well).The cells were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =9 each):normal glucose medium control group (NG group),high glucose medium group (HG group),high glucose medium + A/R group (HG+ A/R group),high glucose medium + A/R + CGRP group (HG + A/R + CGRP group),and high glucose medium + A/R + CGRP+ CGRP8-37 group (HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group).The cells were incubated in normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L) medium for 72 h in NG group.In HG group,the cells were incubated in high glucose (25.0 mmol/L) medium for 72 h.In HG + A/ R group,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h and then exposed to 3 h of anoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation.In group HG + A/R + CGRP,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h,CGRP (final concentration 10-8 mol/L) was then added to the culture media and the cells were incubated for 1 h and then underwent A/R.In HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h,CGRP (final concentration 10 8 mol/L) was then added to the culture media and the cells were incubated for 1 h and then underwent A/R.In HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group,the cells were incubated in high glucose medium for 72 h,CGRP8-37 (final concentration 10-8 mol/L) and CGRP8-37 (CGRP receptor antagonist,final concentration 10-7 mol/L) was then added to the culture media and the cells were incubated for 1 h and then underwent A/R.Apoptosis in cardiomyocytes was detected using TUNEL and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium was analyzed.Results AI and LDH activity were significantly higher in HG group than in NG group,and in HG + A/R group than in HG group.Compared with HG + A/R group,AI and LDH activity were significantly decreased in HG + A/R + CGRP group,while no significant changes were found in HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group.Compared with HG + A/R + CGRP group,AI and LDH activity were significantly increased in HG + A/R + CGRP + CGRP8-37 group.Conclusion CGRP attenuates A/R-induced injury to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes incubated in high glucose medium via combing with CGRP receptor.

Objective To investgate the role of aquaporin-4(AQP4) in secondary cerebral edema after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods When the models of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion were established, the alterations of cerebral edema and BBB were evaluated by measuring water and Eval's Blue (EB) contents of cerebral tissue, and the expression of AQP4 in brain was observed by Western Blot at different time point after reperfusion. At last, the correlation between expression of AQP4 and water and EB contents of cerebral tissue were analysed.Results There were found that water and EB contents of cerebral tissue in rat models significantly higher than those of control group at different time point after ischemia/reperfusion ( P

Objective To observe the results of preventing knee postoperative adhesions after synovectomy by chitosan membrane. Methods Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, the chitosan membrane experimental group and the control group. All animals underwent synovectomy of the right knee joint. Chitosan membrane was inserted in the suprapatellar pouch areas in the experimental group, whereas no film was inserted in the control group. After operation, the knee joints were immobilized with a plaster cast for 4 weeks. Rabbits in each group were assessed macroscopically, semiquantitatively, biomechanically and biochemically. All quantitative data were analysed by t test. Results Macroscopical finding: dense fibrous adhesion was observed in the control group, whereas little adhesion was found in experimental group. The former groups scores was higher than the later groups(P