Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.Methods From January 2000 to October 2006,a total of 16 patients(aged from 32 to 65 with a mean of 42 years) with pheochromocytoma received retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy in our hospital.Among the cases,6 had the tumor on the right side,and 10 on the left.The size of the tumors ranged from 2.5 to 4.6 cm in diameter(mean,3.1 cm).Results The mean preoperative preparation time in this series was 11 days(range,6 to 28).The retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy was completed in all but one of the patients,who were converted to open surgery because of extensive adhesion of the tumor to surrounding tissues and massive bleeding.The mean operation time was 110 minutes(90 to 170),and the mean blood loss was 135 ml(80 to 650).Three cases,who had normal blood pressure and thus received no noradrenalin immediately after the surgery,was given noradrenalin emergently 4,6,or 56 hours later owing to a sudden drop of systolic pressure(from 135 mm Hg to 80 mm Hg in 2,and from 140 mm Hg to 85 mm Hg in 1).Postoperative examination showed benign pheochromocytoma in 15 of the cases,and low-grade malignant pheochromocytoma with local invasion of the capsule in the patient who was converted to open surgery.The mean postoperative hospital stay was 12 days(9 to 20).The patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months(mean,13),during which only one received antihypertensive drugs;the others restored normal blood pressure spontaneously.No patient had abnormal levels of 24-hour urine noradrenalin,adrenalin,and catecholamine.Conclusions Retroperitoneoscopic surgery is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma.The patients have a few complications and recover quickly after the operation.Preoperative preparation and postoperative treatment are important for the outcomes of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the significance of the panel of 6 microsatellites in detection of bladder cancer. Methods In the tumor tissue and urine sediment of 32 cases of bladder cancer 10 microsatellites were chosen and PCR-SSLP silver staining assay was conducted according to the methods described in the literature and our previous study.15 cases of non-bladder cancer served as controls. Results Microsatellite alternate (MA) was found in 30 out of 32 cases of bladder cancers,the sensitivity being 93.8%.The MA of urine sediment of 15 cases of non-bladder cancer was negative,the specifity being 100.0%.Among the 10 microsatellites, 6 ones were chosen;the MA positivity of the panel of the 6 ones was 90.6% (29/32).This result was not significantly different from that of the panel of 10 microsatellites. Conclusions MA assay is a sensitive,effective method for detection of bladder cancer.Compared with the panel of 10 microsatellites,the panel of 6 microsatellites may be a better tool for detection of bladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate if the enteral nutrition have effect on the immune function and in- flammatory reaction after operating about gastric carcinoma.Methods 58 postoperative patients suffering from stomach cancer and colon cancer were randomly divided into the EN group and the TPN group.On the first postoperative day,nutrition fibre were given via nasal intestinal tube,increasing the capacity and drop- ping speed day by day until patients can eat liquid diet.While patients in the TPN group didn't eat anything until enterokinesia completely recovered.Observing on preoperative day 1 and on postoperative day 3 and day 8 respectively to check IgA,IgG,IgM,C3,C4,CRP,LYM,LYM%,TP,ALB,PA.Results The results showed that on the postoperative day 8,the target ascension extent was higher than that in the PN group.The statistical significance was very obvious(P

Objective To investigate the possibility of microsatellite alteration (MA) in diagnosis of bladder cancer of Chinese people, and find the better panel which will be used in clinic. Methods A total of 6 and 10microsatellite markers were chosen, PCR-SSLP silver staining assay was performed in 31 and 32 bladder cancers tissue,exfoliate cells in urine and 10, 15 non-bladder cancers exfoliate cells in urine, respectively. Results MA (+) was found in 28 out of 31, 30 out of 32 bladder cancers, and the sensitivity was 90.3%, 93.7% respectively. The MA of urine sediment of 25 non-bladder cancers was negative, and the specificity was 100%. The cytology was carried out among 19 out of 31, 20 out of 32 bladder cancers at the same time, 2 cases ( 10.3 %) and 3 cases ( 15 % ) were found cancer positive, and the sensitivity is significantly lower than that by the analysis of MA in exfoliated cells. Conclusion MA was not associated with grade and stage of the bladder cancer. MA assay is a sensitive and effective method for the early detection of bladder cancer and post-operation surveillance.

Objective To explore the risk factors of newly emerging advanced schistosomiasis patients in endemic areas.Methods The study areas were selected in two counties of Dongting Lake regions and a 1 :2 match case-control study was designed.Sixty schistosomiasis patients,who newly evolved into advanced schistosomiasis from 2006 to 2007,were selected into the case group,and 120 cases with chronic schistosomiasis into the control group.Questionnaires including potential risk factors of advanced schistosomiasis were designed and the information was collected based on face to face interviews.SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the simple factors and multi ones (logistic regression) attributable to the development of advanced schistosomiasis.Results The history of hepatitis B (OR = 10.729),models of water contact (OR = 3.919) ,yearly exposure days to the infested water (OR = 5.457) and times of chemotherapy in the nearly 10 years(OR = 1.578) were the risk factors of development of advanced schistosomiasis.The times of examinations with positive schistosome eggs were protective factors.No association was found between yearly income,education degree,times of checking for schistosomiasis,times of examination with sera positive results and the emergence of advanced schistosomiasis.Conclusion The high frequency of exposure to the infested water,repeated infections,incomplete diagnosis and treatment are the risk factors of advanced schistosomiasis.The concurrent infection with hepatitis B is associated with the acceleration of development of advanced schistosomiasis.

Objective To explore the concentration of mannan-binding lectin(MBL ) of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) .Methods Serum MBL concentrations of 250 patients(case group) with HBV and 150 healthy controls(control group) were measured .Results The serum MBL concentration in case group was higher than that in control group(t=7 .097 ,P<0 .01) . The serum MBL concentration in high HBV-DNA loading group was higher than that in control group(t=7 .179 ,P<0 .01) .The serum MBL concentration in low HBV-DNA loading group was higher than that in control group(t=4 .404 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Detection of serum MBL in patients with HBV will be clinically useful for understanding state of an illness and observing the cur-ative effect .

Objective To detect the expression of Bmi-1 and p16 gene in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder(TCC) tissue and explore its clinical significance.Methods The expression of Bmi-1 and p16 gene were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 61 cases of TCC tissue and 12 cases of normal bladder tissue.Results The expression of Bmi-1 gene in TCC tissue was significantly higher than that in normal bladder tissue (0.242 ± 0.129 vs.0.031 ± 0.011),and the expression of p16 gene was significantly lower than that in normal bladder tissue (0.059 ± 0.021 vs.0.165 ± 0.029),there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Bmi-1 and p16 gene were highly correlated with pathological grades,clinical stages and tumor recurrence (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).But there were not correlated with age and gender (P ＞ 0.05).There was a negative correlation between the expression of Bmi-1 gene and p16 gene in TCC tissue(rs =-0.714,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Bmi-1 gene high expression and p16 gene low expression may be involved in the occurrence and development process of TCC.Bmi-1 may decrease the expression of p 16 gene in some ways,and then lead to the occurrence and development of TCC.

Objective To investigate anterior migration of spinal cord after anterior cervical decompression and reconstruction for cervical spondylosis and its mechanism.Methods Eighty-one patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent anterior decompression and reconstruction were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively.There were 44 males and 37 females,with an average age of 52.3 years (range,37-72 years).The distance from anterior margin of the spinal cord to posterior wall of the spinal canal (Da),and medium of the spinal cord to posterior wall of the spinal canal (Dm) in magnetic resonance imaging were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.The recovery rate was calculated comparing the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores before and after operation.Results The average following up was 20.7 months (9-48 months).According to the measure on MRI,preoperative Da and Dm were 11.11±1.59 mm and 6.30±0.84 mm respectively,which were significant different from postoperative Da 11.63±-1.47 mm and Dm 6.62±0.80 mm.The postoperative Da and Dm at C3-4,C4-5,C5-6,C6-7 levels had statistically significant differences compared to preoperative Da and Dm,except for ones at C2-3 level.The significant migration rate was 43.2％(35/81),which reached △Da ＞2 mm or △Dm ＞1.3 mm.Preoperative cervical curvature index (CCI) was 10.0％±6.3％,which was significant different from postoperative CCI 13.5％±6.5％.JOA score increased from 9.7±1.5 preoperatively to 13.7±1.1 at one week postoperatively,and 13.9±1.3 at 6 months postoperatively.But the JOA score decreased at 6 months postoperatively compared with that at 1 week postoperatively in 15 cases.Among them,14 cases got the standard of spinal cord migration based on MRI measurement.No other severe complications were found in these 81 cases.Conclusion Anterior migration of the spinal cord commonly occurred after cervical decompression and reconstruction via anterior approach,and some patients might suffer from the secondary compression of the cervical spinal cord.

BACKGROUND:Fracture healing mechanism is complex and affected by many factors, and delayed fracture healing or nonunion often occurs. How to promote fracture healing has become a serious problem.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of local application of nerve growth factor on early fracture healing after peripheral nerve injury.
METHODS:Thirty-six healthy male Wistar rats were selected to establish tibial fracture models, which were randomly divided into four groups, with 18 limbs in each group. Group A: tibial fracture+normal saline injectionvia bilateral gastrocnemius muscles; group B: tibial fracture+nerve injury+normal saline injection; group C: tibial fracture+local injection of nerve growth factor; group D: tibial fracture+nerve injury+local injection of nerve growth factor. Calus metrology results were compared among different groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The calus volume was the most in the group B at 4 weeks of intervention, but there were no different among the other three groups (P > 0.05). At 2 weeks of intervention, the bone resorption area was significantly larger in the group B than the group D (P < 0.05), and the osteoclast index was significantly higher in the group A than the group C (P < 0.05); while at 4 weeks of intervention, the mineralized bone trabecular width was significantly lower in the group A than the group C (P < 0.05) as wel as lower in the group C than the group D (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that after peripheral nerve injury, local application of nerve growth factor can enhance the osteogenic ability, effectively inhibit osteoclast activity, and promote the early healing of fracture.