The current treatment of medical implant-associated infections is still challenging.The infections are particularly persistent because the bacteria attaching to the implant surfaces produce a protective matrix which establishes itself as biofilms,shielding the bacteria from antibiotics.Biofilm bacteria are resistant to antimicrobics at levels 500 to 5,000 times higher than those needed to kill non-biofilm bacteria.In vitro experiments have shown that electric current has anti-infection effect and can enhance the activity of some antimicrobial agents against certain bacteria in the biofilms.Direct electrical stimulation has already been safely used in humans for fracture healing.In this article,we review the current state and development in research on the anti-infection effect of electrical stimulation.

Abnormal expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine like 1 (SPARCL1 )gene is closely related to the development,metastasis and prognosis of a variety of tumors.Recent studies show that SPARCL1 gene is high expressed in glioma.The protein product of SPARCL1 gene encoded can interact with collagen,thus affecting the metastasis ability of tumor,which is positively correlated with tumor malignant de-gree.SPARCL1 gene is low expressed in gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,prostate cancer and breast cancer, which is negatively correlated with the invasion and metastasis abilities of tumors.At present,the role of speci-fic molecular mechanisms of SPARCL1 gene remains controversial. The expressions and functions of SPARCL1 gene in tumor tissues seem to depend on the tumor microenvironment.