OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein (Apo) E- ε 4 is the first identified important susceptible gene of late-onset family and sporadic Alzheimer disease. Apo E E4 or ε 4 chained other genetic products probably play a certain actions in occurrence of Alzheimer disease, but their biological basis is unknown.To explain the relevant biological mechanism between ApoE and Alzheimer disease is still the key in next study.DATA SOURCE: Computer Medline database is used to search the relevant papers from January 1978 to January 1999, with the words of "develop", "ApoE" and "Alzheimer", limited in English version. Simultaneously, the relevant papers are looked up from China Journal Databasefrom January 1978 to December 2003, with the words of "ApoE, Alzheimer disease and development", limited in Chinese version.STUDY SELECTION: Preliminary examination is done to the data. Inclusive criteria: relevant papers on ApoE gene and Alzheimer disease, including the study of both animal experiment and clinical basic research.Exclusive criteria: repeated study, summarized and Meta analysis papers.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 55 relevant papers are collected, of which, 20 papers are included and 33 papers are excluded due to repeated experiment and summarized papers.DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 20 experiments, 16 experiments explain that ApoE E4 or ε 4 chained other genetic products probably play a certain actions in occurrence of Alzheimer disease and 4 researches propose that ApoE- ε 4 is the susceptible gene of Alzheimer disease.CONCLUSION: It is viewed in majority at present that ApoE genotype determination cannot substitute any clinical and imaging diagnostic method, which is probably onlya kind of assistant diagnosis to improve the specialty in clinical diagnosis. Beingthe susceptible gene of Alzheimer disease, ApoE- ε 4 is the important discovery in its research no doubt, but,many relevant questions are still at experimental and hypothesis stages. In the future, the great consideration should be still drawn on ApoE genotype determination of Alzheimer disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of aminoguanidine and tienam on bacterial translocation in mice with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and the preventive and curative effect on pancreatic infection. Methods 50 SD mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, including group A: normal control (n=10), group B: ANP group (n=10), group C: aminoguanidine treatment group (n=10), group D: tienam treatment group (n=10), and group E: aminoguanidine plus tienam treatment group (n=10). ANP was induced by intrapancreatic injection of 5% sodium tanrocholate (2.5 ml/kg). Aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitioneally 30 minutes after ANP induction, tienam (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitioneally 6 hours after ANP induction. The mice were killed at 48 hours, and serum amylase, serum D- lactate, pancreatic MPO were measured. Pathological alterations in the pancreas were examed. The pancreas, liver, blood, mesenteric lymph node and ascites were collected for microbiological study. Results In group C and E, the levels of serum amylase were 91173.30±199.73) U/L and (1075.00±200.40) U/L; the serum D-lactate were (7.165±1.2533) μg/ml and (6.980±1.060)μg./ml; the pancreatic MPO were (0.8035±0.0711) U/g wet film and (0.7765±0.0843 ) U/g wet film; the average bacterial positive rates were 20% and 16%. In group B, the serum amylase was (2234.60±692.06 )U/L;the serum D-lactate was (12.408±1.779)μg,/ml, the pancreatic MPO was (1.5942±0.1965) U/g wet film; the average bacterial positive rate were 60%. The differences between group C, E and group B were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05). In group D, the pancreatic MPO was (0.8002±0.0603 ) U/g wet film and the the average bacterial positive rate was 18%, and they were statistically different when compared with those of group B (P±0.05). While in group D, the serum amylase and D-lactate was not statistically different when compared with those of group B (P＞0.05). There were lamellar necrosis in the parenchyma, hyperaemia and leukocytic infiltrate in the pancreatic mesenchyma in the ANP group, while no leukocytic infiltrating in group C, D, E was found. Conclusions The aminoguanidine and tienam might decrease gut bacterial translocation and prevent pancreatic infection in ANP.

The evaluation of biomaterial biocompatibility is a key step before the clinical application.With the rapid development of molecular biology,scientists have begun to evaluate biomaterial biocompatibility at molecular level and proposed the concept of molecular biocompatibility.Researchers'main tasks at present are to identify more molecular markers using molecular biology technology and to establish standards for evaluating molecular biocompatibility of biomaterial,which will provide the guidance for the design of better biomaterials.

β-catenin is an important signaling transduetion and adhesion molecules.Mutation of the betacatenin gene,CTNNB1,is a common case in pediatric tumors,which may induce development and metastasis.In hepatoblastoma,48%have CTNNB1 mutation.In Wilms tumor,mutation only occurs in cases with WT1 gene mutation.In neuroblastoma,mutation is also found.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Esophageal Achalasia ; therapy ; Humans ; Male

There are a number of potassium channels on the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cell membrane, generally they are divided to 4 categories: voltage-gated potassium channels, calcium-activated potassium channels, inward rectifier potassium channels and ATP sensitive potassium channels. They can modulate cerebrovascular tone, so as to impact on cerebral blood flow to adapt to different situations of physiological pathology. The structure and function of potassium channels change after subarachnoid hemorrhage, These changes may be associated with the occurrence and development of cerebral vasospasm. The application of potassium channel opener may relax cerebrovascular smooth muscle and attenuate cerebral vasospasm.

Objective To discuss incidence and related risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) after acute subcortical infarction (SI).Methods One hundred and eighty-two patients with acute SI were divided into two groups:VCI group (81 cases) and no-VCI group ( 101 cases) according to VCI diagnostic standard.Sex proportion,age,culture degree between two groups were compared,and correlation was analyzed between the quantity of risk factors and the incidence of VCI.Results The incidence of VCI after acute SI was 44.5％(81/182).According to age stratification,the incidence of VCI in the patients of 56-65 years was 35.4％ (23/65),in the patients of 66-75 years was 45.3％ (48/106),and in the patients of 76-85 years was 90.9％ (10/11 ).The age in VCI group was significantly higher than that in no-VCI group [(69.93 ±6.91) years vs. (67.62 ±5.56) years,P =0.014],and culture degree was significantly lower than that in no-VCI group (P =0.028).The sex proportion between two groups had no significant difference (P =0.876).The more accompanying risk factors,the higher incidence of VCI.Conclusions Along with the increase of age,the incidence of VCI after acute SI is higher.The more accompanying risk factors,the higher incidence of VCI.

Objective:To develop a succinct and effective social support questionnaire for Chinese Farmers.Methods:Based on the studies of Vender Poel Mart et al and combined with the interview data of 53 farmers,a pro-questionnaire was developed;An item analysis was conducted with a sample of 800 farmers of Zhejiang province;CFA was used to test another sample of 807 farmers from Zhejiang and other provinces.Reliability and validity were also tested.Results:Then,9-item questionnaire was formed;EFA indicated that farmers' social support consisted of four factors,namely:instrumental support,company support,emotional support and the utilization degree of social support,which explained 79.23% of total variance;CFA showed the 4-factor model was well fitted;The Cronbaeh's ? of the questionnaire was 0.72 and the split-half coefficient was 0.64;The correlations between 4 factors were 0.10-0.30,and all factor-total correlations were over 0.50.Conclusion:The structure,reliability and validity of Chinese Farmers' Social Support Questionnaire meets the need of psychometrics.

Objective: To explore the influence of social support on Chinese farmers’ career choice consideration. Methods: Based on depth interviews and the pre-test on 419 farmers, a questionnaire of self-efficacy, choice consideration and social support related to occupations representing Holland's six RIASEC career types was developed. With a formal sample of 628 farmers, and by the structural equation modeling, the hypothetic models were constructed and tested. Results: Across most of the career types, there were significant paths between positive support and self-efficacy, self-efficacy and choice consideration, negative support and choice consideration; the goodness of fit of the final models were perfect. Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between positive support and choice consideration. Conclusion: The influence of social support on farmers' career consideration is ambilateral. Positive support has fully positive effect on choice consideration via self-efficacy, whereas negative support has direct negative effect on it.