Using therapeutic letters in psychotherapy is a common trend among different psychotherapy schools.Narrative therapy applies therapeutic letters most frequently among these schools.The article introduces the purposes,styles,key points of writing,the differences with case record,the progress of application and research and the localization of narrative therapeutic letters in order to develop the application and localization of therapeutic let-ters in China.

Pharmacy is a professional subject with strong practicality and applicability,in which experimental teaching is an essential part of developping students' innovation and overall qualities. Based on the pharmaceutical experimental teaching status,some reform programs including experimental teaching measures,utilization of online teaching and optimization of evaluation manners were provided on the purpose of improving overall quality of the students and developing more comprehensive students.

Objective To study astragalus polysaccharide′s synergistic enhancement on Carvedilol′s improvement effects on dilated cardiomyopathy′s heart function.Methods SD rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy was established and divided into CON group (no treatment),CAR group (only Carvedilol treatment),APS group (only astragalus polysaccharide treatment) and C+A group (Carvedilol and astragalus polysaccharide treatment) according to their treatment methods.The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),Tei index,high sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6,IL-8,CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets in four groups were detected and compared.Results The LVEF in C+A group and CAR group were significantly higher than those in CON group and APS group respectively (P<0.05,respectively),while Tei index in C+A group and CAR group were significantly lower than those in CON group and APS group respectively (P<0.05,respectively).The LVEF in C+A group was significantly higher than that in CAR group (P<0.05),while Tei index in C+A group was significantly lower than that in CAR group (P<0.05).The hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-8 in C+A group and APS group were significantly lower than those in CON group and CAR group respectively (P<0.05,respectively),while CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets in C+A group and APS group were significantly higher than those in CON group and CAR group respectively (P<0.05,respectively).The hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-8 in C+A group were significantly lower than those in APS group respectively (P<0.05,respectively),while CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets in C+A group were significantly higher than those in APS group respectively (P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion Astragalus polysaccharide has significant synergistic enhancement on Carvedilol′s improvement effects on dilated cardiomyopathy′s heart function,which may be related to the enhancement of T lymphocyte immunity and the decreasing of inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the application of education of nursing safety in nursing technique teaching.Methods 60 cases of new entry nursing personnel in our hospital from December 2009to June 2010 were divided into the observation group and the control group,the control group was given traditional teaching methods of training and evaluation,the observation group was given nursing safety education on the basis of the control group.The evaluation of teaching methods,the testing score 1 year later and incidence rate of adverse events between two groups were compared.Results The observation group believed that their ability in the discovery,analysis,solving of the problems of nursing safety was enhanced by teaching.Theoretical examination results between two groups had no significant difference.But technique assessment score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the incidence of adverse nursing events was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusions The nursing safety education helps to improve the foresight ability in nursing safety,improve the occupational quality and ensure patients' safety.

This paper is to briefly introduce the internal auditing procedures of economic contract at research institution.Before the contracts were signed,all the subjects and terms were thoroughly checked.After contract were signed,all the procedures concerned in the execution of contract were carefully monitored,including the filing,accounting,assets custody,taxes payment,etc..Economic contract internal audit can improve the management of economic matters and minimize the risks of contracts so as to enhance the internal control of research institutions.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of ganoderma acid in therapy of the rat essential hypertension.Methods 30 male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) were divided randomly into three groups:control group (CG),ganoderma acid group (Gan) and captoril (Cap) as positive control group.SHR were fed with distilled water (10 ml/kg) in control group,ganoderma acid (0.6 g/kg ) in Gan group,catopril (0.03 g/kg) in Cap group.After 8-weeks therapy,5 ml blood was extracted,rats in every group were sacrificed to get the aorta.The mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD),nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected by RT-PCR and the apoptosis of endothelial cells were measured by flowcytometry.Results After the 8 weeks therapy,as compared with the CG group,blood pressure of SHR in Gan group became stable[(112.6±3.2) mm Hg](P＜0.01).The expression of SOD,NOS and HDL showed obviously upregulated,and apoptosis of endothelial cell decreased significantly (P＜0.01).NO contents increased,and MDA,ET-1 decreased (P＜0.01).The contents of LDL decreased and HDL increased (P＜0.01).Conclusions Ganoderma acid may improve the function of endothelial cell and decrease the blood pressure by promoting the mRNA expression and activity of SOD,cleaning the radical ions and inhibiting the apoptosis of the endothelial cell.

Objective The purpose of this trial was to appraise the effects of both recognition-insight therapy and family education on rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia. Methods 140 outpatients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups (70 patients in each group). The family group was trained with recognion-insight therapy and family education while the control group only received services at outpatient department. During a three-year follow-up period, both groups were conformed with the schizophrenic diagnostic criteria of BPRS, CGI, SDSS and the self-made gauge. Results Both at the end of the 1st and the 3rd year, the family group was lower than the control group on scores of every gauge (P <0.01 ). On the other hand, the therapy compliance of the family group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01 ). Both relapse rates of the end of the Ist year and 3rd year (19.4%, 32.2%) were excessively lower than the control group (46.9%, 74.5%) (P<0.Ol ), while the family group's social function fine rate (73.1% , 62.7% ) was significantly higher than that of the control group (39.1% , 20.0%) (P<0.01). Conclusion The recognion-insight therapy and family education performed pivotal role in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia.

Objective To investigate a sonic wave device including micro-oscillator and microphone for real-time monitoring the situation of the esophageal motility of lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Methods A micro-oscillator that can actively send sound waves was located at one side of LES, and a microphone located at the other side can be to capture the sound generated from the oscillator. This device was tested in vitro by utilizing a LES simulator in quiet and noisy environment, as well as in vivo in a pilot model corresponding to moments A-D. Results In the in vitro test, the sound can be captured by the microphone, and its power strength was correlated with closing and opening of LES. The measurements showed statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients. In the in vivo test, the LES was open and closed by an endoscope, which was monitored in real-time by another endoscope inserted into the distal stomach from the duodenum. The sound power strength corresponding to moments A-D were (-89.63 ± 0.79) dB, (-84.74 ± 0.97) dB, (-82.37 ± 1.93) dB and (-89.86 ± 0.75) dB. Conclusion The LES dynamics can be monitored by the acoustic interrogation device, which has the potential to become an effective minimally-invasive technique for studying LES dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE:To reduce dispensing errors in Pharmacy intravenous admixture service(PIVAS),improve compound-ing quality of transfusion and guarantee the safety and rationality of clinic transfusion. METHODS:The case tracking method was applied to analyze each link of the work in PIVAS to find the reasons of configuration errors and control risk;and then the system tracking method was applied to analyze the hidden safety risk and the crack of quality from the inside of the system and work flow. Countermeasures and supporting continuous improvement were established to evaluate the effect of management before and after 6 months. RESULTS:Tracer methodology(TM)was adopted to find out the weakness in the key link and work flow of the cause of the configuration errors,the relative work pattern and work environment was improved,the relative system was formulated and completed,strength of rewards and punishment was increased. Through the implementation of the countermeasures,the number of dispensing errors was reduced from 81 to 38,and the error rate was reduced from 0.035% to 0.011%(P<0.01). CONCLU-SIONS:TM can be adopted in the key link and work flow of the cause of the configuration errors,aim at formulate and strictly carry out relative countermeasures to reduce errors in PIVAS,and promote the safety of drug use.

Experiments were performed on 29 healthy mongrel dogs with average body weight of 13?2.2kg. The animals were randomly divided into three groups:(1) nine dogs in the hemorrhagic shock group(HS); (2) tendogs in the panaxadiol saponin pretreatement group (HSG), which were intravenously injected with 25mg panaxadiol saponin 1 h before bleeding; (3) In the dexamethasone pretreatment group, othet ten dogs were intramuscularly injected with 1 mg/kg body wt of dexamethasone 1 h before bleeding. The mean arterial pressure of 5.3 kPa was kept during experimental period. The morphological changes of platelet were observed with scanning electromicroscope. The results showed that the platelet damage was much lighter in HSP and HSD gnoups than that of the HS group. The seum 5-HT content of HS group gradually increased hemorrhage with time delay. In the HSG group,the 5-HT level was increased from 1 and 3 h after bleeding,then it was decreased at 4 and 5 h. In the HSD group 5-HT level didn′t show any change from prebleeding to postbleeding. However, in the HS group 5-HIAA concentration increased significantly from 3rd to 5th hour after bleeding in the HS group,but was not in the HSG and HSD groups. These findings suggest that the panaxadiol saponins and dexamethsone can effecti vely inhibit the increasing of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in the themorrhagic shock.