Objective To examine the current situation of smoke-free policies and the support for comprehensive smoke free policies in Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Methods Data from Wave 1 of the ITC China Survey (April 2006-August 2008) were analyzed. The ITC China Survey employed a multistage sampling design across 6 cities: Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 4 815 smokers and 1 270 non-smokers across the 6 cities to examine their support for smoke free policies. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with support for comprehensive smoke free policies. Results None of the six cities had implemented comprehensive smoke free policies. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars was relatively lower compared to hospitals, schools, and public transport vehicles. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars were associated with knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke (for workplaces OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.08~1.49; for restaurants and bars OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.17~2.05). Conclusion More comprehensive smoke free policies are needed in the 6 cities. To improve support for comprehensive smoke free policies, public knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke needs to be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of cephalosporins in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia and the effect on intestinal microflora.MethodsA total of 124 cases of neonatal pneumonia in our hospital were divided into the cephalosporin group (40cases), the piperacillin group (38 cases) and the combined treatment group (46 cases), and 40 healthy neonates were selected as healthy group.The clinical efficacy was compared.The intestinal bacterial genus of the four groups was examined on the 5th day after treatment, including Enterobacter, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.ResultsThe cure rates of the cephalosporin group, the piperacillin group and the combined group were 82.5%, 81.57% and 89.13%, respectively.The healing time of the above three groups was (5.3±0.2) d, (5.5±0.3) d and (5.2±0.3) d, respectively.Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were significantly more in the above three groups than the healthy group, and Bifidobacterium was fewer than healthy group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the cephalosporin group and piperacillin group.ConclusionThe curative effect of cephalosporins is similar to other antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia.The former can effectively relieve alteration of intestinal flora, combined with other drugs.Irrational use of antibiotics woll increase alteration of intestinal flora.

Objective To observe the protective effects of AG on the myocardial ultrastructure of diabetic rats.Methods STZ-induced diabetic male SD rats were divided into two groups: aminoguanidine(AG group,50 mg?kg~(-1) body weight by daily gavage) and diabetes mellitus groups(DM group).Age-matched normal male SD rats served as normal control(NC group).After 10 weeks of treatment the level of blood glucose was measured and the rats were killed.Cardiac muscle were observed by transmission electronic microscope.Results The changes of cardiac ultrastructure had no significant difference between AG-group and NC-group and were better in AG group than in DM group as following:(1) Myofibril arranged tidily with intact regular edge;(2) Mitochodria were big and normomorph with crests arranging densely,some mitochondria gathered locally;(3)Base membrane of blood vessels didn′t thicken with lumen not narrowed;(4) The collagenous fiber in stroma reduced but amorphous material didn′t reduced. Conclusions The ultrastructure pictures of diabetic cardiomyopathy is inhibited or delayed by AG,which suggests that AGEs may play some role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Humans ; Mineral Fibers ; toxicity ; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms ; chemically induced

Dust ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Inhalation Exposure ; prevention & control ; Nanoparticles ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo study the consistency between DR and high-kV chest radiographs in diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and to explore the feasibility of DR chest radiograph in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

METHODSTwenty five coal miners were examined with DR and high-kV chest radiographs at the same time. Image post-processing parameters (density, contrast, etc.) were set to ensure the quality of DR chest radiograph in Philips Essenta DR machine. In order to avoid the repetitive numbers, 50 chest radiographs were numbered at random. Pneumoconiosis diagnosis was conducted by six independent certified occupational physicians of pneumoconiosis by blind method. The consistency between 2 kinds of chest films was assessed.

RESULTSAll chest radiographs (25 cases, 50 chest films) were excellent. The diagnosis results of six readers on the 15 pairs of DR and high-kV chest radiographies were summarized. For high-kV chest radiographs, the consistency of pneumoconiosis classification for 12 pairs of readers was more than 68%, the consistency of total density for 11 pairs of readers was more than 68%. For DR chest radiographs, the consistency of pneumoconiosis classification for 13 pairs of readers was more than 60%, the consistency of total density for 14 pairs of readers was more than 60%. The consistency of pneumoconiosis classification between two chest radiographs was 72% (value: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.46-0.92), the consistency of total density between two chest radiographs was 80% (value: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61-0.95).

CONCLUSIONWhen the chest radiograph quality was good and the difference of reading films was low, there was a good consistency of pneumoconiosis diagnosis between DR chest radiographs and high-kV chest radiographs.

Anthracosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of image post-processing parameters on DR chest radiograph for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

METHODSEighty three coal miners were examined with high-kV and DR chest radiographs at the same time. Image post-processing parameters (density, contrast and so on) were designed in a Philips Essenta DR machine were designed, then differences of image quality between high-kV and DR chest radiographs were compared.

RESULTSAfter regulating image and proceeding the parameters, the OD (optical density) values of high density areas in the upper-middle lung fields, subphrenic and direct exposure areas were 1.58 +/- 0.10, 0.23 +/- 0.02 and 2.80 +/- 0.21, respectively. The quality of chest films met the requirements of diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis. The rate of excellent chest films for DR chest radiograph was 95.18%, which was significantly higher than that (80.72%) for high-kV chest radiograph (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAppropriate parameters of image post-processing can make DR chest radiograph to meet the requirements of chest radiograph quality for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.

Anthracosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; methods ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between degree of abnormal deeper lateral femoral notch between anterior cruciate ligament tear.

METHODSThe radiograph and MRI image material of 16 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury from January 2013 to November 2013 were reviewed including 14 males and 2 females with an average age of 28.3 years old ranging from 18 to 52 years. Eleven cases was on right side and 5 on left. Survey tool of PASC imaging system was used to measure the depth of lateral femoral notch in patients with abnormal indicated by lateral X-ray view or sagittal view of MRI in knee joint,while clinical data,physical examination,image material in arthroscopy of these patients were retrospective researched.

RESULTSFour patients had an abnormal lateral femoral notch with the depth of 2 mm on lateral X-ray and sagittal MRI, while positive anterior drawer sign and Lachman test as well as anterior cruciate ligament tears on MRI, and completed tears were comfirmed on the operation of arthroscopy. Two patients without abnomal lateral femoral notch on lateral view of X-ray while with the depth of 1 mm on sagittal view of MRI were also coupled with positive anterior drawer sign and Lachman test as well as anterior cruciate ligament tears on MRI, and one of them were comfirmed completed anterior cruciate ligament tears on the arthroscopy operation and completed tear could not comfirmed on another one because of disagreed with arthroscopy operation.

CONCLUSIONThere appears to be an association between abnormal lateral femoral notch on lateral view of knee with anterior cruciate ligament tears. An abnormal deeper lateral femoral notch is an indirect evidence for anterior cruciate ligament tears.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Female ; Femur ; pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Atrial Fibrillation ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood

Objective To explore the efficacy of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in the treatment of heart failure patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Ninety-six CHD patients with heart failure were divided into observation group (48 cases) and control group (48 cases) by random digits table,and rhBNP was used in observation group and nitroglycerin was used in control group.The efficacy,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and urine output in two groups were observed.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 93.75％ (45/48),and 81.25％ (39/48) in control group,there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).LVEF and urine output after treatment were better than those before treatment [observation group:(57.7 ± 3.9)％ vs. (32.5 ± 3.1 )％,(70.5 ± 31.1 ) ml/h vs.(34.5 ± 13.7) ml/h;control group:(52.2 ± 3.3)％ vs.(33.4 ± 2.9)％,(53.6 ± 23.4) ml/h vs.(33.8 ± 13.4)ml/h,P ＜ 0.05 ].After treatment,LVEF and urine output in observation group were higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Incidence of adverse reaction in observation group was lower than that in control group [ 18.75％ (9/48) vs.35.42％ ( 17/48),P ＜ 0.05 ].Conclusion rhBNP has curative effect and small adverse reactions on CHD patients with heart failure,and can significantly improve the patients' general condition.