Recent researches have revealed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 bio-axis is pivotal in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. CXCL12/CXCR4 may promote the tumor invasion and metastasis through the mechanism of stimulating the proliferation of cancer cells, enhancing the migration of tumor cells, inducing the extra-cellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis.

BALB/c mice were immunized by multi-route injections of commencial alkaline phosphatase over a perioh of three months. After 3 days of the last intravenous boost spleen cells were fused with sp2/0 cells by using PEG and hybridoma supernatants were screened by reverse ELISA. Two hybridoma cell lines secreting high titer monoclonal antibodies to alkaline phosphatase were established. Satisfactory results were obtained by alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) immunohistochemistry technique in detecting CD antigens, viral antigens, Tumor antigens and bacterium fimbriae antigens.

Public-private partnership(PPP)serves as a useful attempt for an adjustment of existing number of public hospitals and incremental development of private hospitals in an effort to implement policies of the health reform and optimize the allocation of medical resources.Investment-OperationTurnover(IOT) is a way to introduce the PPP practice,regarded as an institutional innovation in reforming public hospitals.This paper traced back the IOT model in its development and analyzed its connotation and form,as well as its strengths and weaknesses in a feasibility study,and presented the existing IOT projects in China for reference and open discussion.

The Toll like receptors(TLRs)are essential transmembrane signaling receptors of the innate immune system that alert the host to the presence of a microbial invader.The recent discovery of the TLR has rapidly expanded our knowledge of molecular events that initiate host pathogen interactions.These functional attributes of the cellular receptors provide insights into the nature of pattern recognition receptors that activate the human antimicrobial defense systems.The fundamental significance of the TLR in the generation of systemic inflammation and the pathogenesis of septic shock is reviewed. The potential clinical implications of therapeutic modulation of these recently characterized receptors of innate immunity are also discussed.

Systemic chemotherapy is the main treatment which can improve the survival time of bladder cancer patients,though its efficacy is quite limited.The applications of targeted therapeutic drugs in bladder cancer has become more needed in clinic.At present the targeted drugs for bladder cancer include bevacizumab,cetuximab,sunitinib,gefitinib,everolimus and the inhibitor of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand,they provide a new direction for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer.

The transvaginal ultrasonography,sonohyterography and intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are main ultrasonographic methods in evaluation of endometrial lesions.This article introduces the procedures,limitations,advantages and disadvantages of these three ultrasonographic methods in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women.

The cancer stem cell theory suggests that cancer develops from a subset of tumor cells that possess characteristics of stem cells. Breast cancer stem cells comprise a sub-population, which possesses the capacity of self-renewal and the potential for differentiation and high tumorigenicity. Evidence from bothin vitro andin vivo studies demonstrates breast cancer stem cells are responsible for tumor relapse, invasion and metastasis, chemo- and radio-resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, this review highlighted the recent advances in breast cancer stem cells.

Nanotechnology has been extensively applied in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and is currently a major focus of research worldwide.Among the various nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are of particular interest to many researchers due to their superior properties of low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and preferential accumulation in tumors (the enhanced permeability and retention effect), which in turn gives GNPs a potential application in cancer diagnostics, imaging, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy.Many published studies have shown that GNPs can be used as a new ideal radiosensitizer, and therefore understanding the radiosensitizing effects of GNPs both in vitro and in vivo will be of great significance in the clinical translation of nanomedicine.

Objective To investigate the protection of the parathyroid in thyroid cancer operation,reduce the postoperative complications of hypoparathyroidism.Methods Selected 107 cases of thyroid cancer patients from Mar.2013 to Fed.2014 who were underwent thyroid total excision + Ⅵ lymphadenectomy.Identified and preserve in situ of parathyroid according to the typical appearance.Identified the parathyroid on the surface of thyroid and Ⅵ lymph node specimen carefully.Sented a part of the suspected tissue to intraoperative frozen section examination,transplant residual tissue to stemocleidomastoid muscle after confirmed.According to postoperative pathological diagnosis,determined the specimen of thyroid and Ⅵ lymph node with or without removed parathyroid.Monitored serum calcium and symptomatic treatment for 1 to 3 days after operation.Results Error cut rate of parathyroid was 11.4％.In vitro parathyroid autograft rate was 54.4％.Hypocalcemia occurred in 32.7％.Symptomatic hypocalcemia occurred in 16.8％.Permanent hypocalcemia did not happen.Conclusions In thyroid cancer operation,accurate identification of parathyroid is the precondition of preservation in situ and self transplantation,is the effective methods to reduce error removal and decrease postoperative hypocalcemia.

Periprosthetic fracture,a complication of prosthetic replacement of joint,is intimately related to the type of prosthesis and the situation of patient,while the treatment is sophisticated.This review highlights the current mechanisms and various treatment methods for periprosthetic fractures after Hinge Knee Prosthesis,providing important implications for the selection of therapeutic strategy and author's understanding of this case.