Objective To analyze ex vivo samples of colorectal cancers by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectrometry,and to explore the feasibility to diagnose the tumor by using the methods in clinic.Methods From March 2007 to April 2008,fresh samples colorectal mucosa and carcinoma were obtained from 47 patients.The regimens were examined pathologically and then analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectrometry.The accuracy of the spectrometrical results was determined by comparing with the pathological results.Results The accuracy of the Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectrometry was 94.7%(89/94)and 97.8%(45/46),respectively,while the sensitivity was 93.6%(44/47)and 100%(23/23),specificity was 95.7%(45/47)and 95.7%(22/23),false positive rate was 4.3%(2/47)and 4.3%(1/23),false negative rate was 6.4%(3/47)and 0%(0/23),positive prognostic value was 95.7%(44/46)and 95.8%(23/24),and the negative prognostic value was 93.8%(45/48)and 100%(22/22).ConclusionsBenign and malignant colorectal tissues can be identified quickly and accurately by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectrometry.The methods,which are minimally invasive,could be a potential diagnosing tool for colorectal cancer at an early stage.

Enramycin is a polypeptide antibiotic and new, safe animal feed additive. A new purification process was developed, based on pre-purification by macroporous resin and refining by reversed phase chromatography. AB-8 macroporous resin was used for the pre-purification process of enramycin, with an elution buffer of 0.012 mol/L aqueous HCl solution-methanol (50: 50, V/V). Then, enramycin a and enramycin b were separated effectively by C18 reversed phase chromatography, with a elution buffer of 0.05 mol/L aqueous KH2PO4 solution-acetonitrile (70: 30, V/V, pH 4.5). The purities of enramycin a and enramycin b were up to 98.5% and 98.0%, respectively. The yield reached 29.2%. This study would provide a useful reference for the preparation of enramycin a and enramycin b with a high purity.
Adsorption ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Peptides ; isolation & purification

Objective To evaluate hepatitis B virus large surfsce protein(LHBs) in monitoring of antiviral treatment.Methods LHBs.HBV serum markers and HBV DNA loads in 46 patients with adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) therapy were monitored for the whole course(60 weeks).Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),time differentiate immunofluoresence assay and real.time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were performed to detect LHBs,HBV serum markers and HBV DNA loads,respectively.And correlation analysis was also performed.Results Both LHBs and HBV DNA declined during the ADV treatment.and the correlation coefficient was 0.97.but LHBs declined after HBV DNA.There were 20 patients with HBV DNA<5×102/mL at 60th week.in which 8 were LHBs negative;in 14 recurrent patients,the HBV DNA turned to negative and became positive again,3 with negative LHBs;while in 12 patients resistant to the ADV therapy.2 were LHBs negative.Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of LHBs is useful in the evaluation of antiviral treatment.

Objective: The present study aimed to prospectively validate whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in obesity-related genes were associated with change in body mass index (BMI) and obesity status during childhood. Methods: Based on the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study (BCAMS), which was initiated between April and October in 2004, we conducted a follow-up study among 1 624 children aged 6 to 11 years old with genetic data in December 2010. A total of 777 children (246 obese and 531 non-obese) were reassessed for BMI. Z-score of BMI was used to standardize for age and sex. The changes in BMI Z-score during follow up were calcnlated SNPs were genotyped by quantitative Real-time PCR (rs9939609, rs6499640, rs7138803, rs1805081, rs17782313, rs6265, rs10938397, rs6235, rs29941, rs2844479, rs10913469 and rs4788102). Overweight and obesity were diagnosed by the age-and sex-specific BMI cutoffs recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. A multilocus genetic risk score for BMI was calculated as the simple sum of alleles of all the SNPs associated with BMI. Linear regression models and logistic regression models were performed to assess the associations of change in BMI Z-score and obese status with genotypes (assuming an additive model), respectively. Results: During 6 years of follow-up, 158 previously obese children remained obese as they aged into adolescence, and 88 transiently obese children were not obese during the second survey, 58 children were newly identified obese, and the other 473 children remained their non-obese state. BMI Z-score increased from 1.41±0.05 at baseline to 1.57±0.06 at follow up.The genotypes of the SNPs except rs6499640(P=0.033) and rs6265(P=0.041) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each group (P>0.05). Each additional copy of the rs9939609 A allele was significantly associated with an increase in BMI Z-score (β=0.205, P=0.014) during follow up. Per C allele of rs17782313 was associated with an increase in BMI Z-score at baseline (β=0.268, P=0.003). As the non-obese reference, a significantly relative risk of obesity at follow up was observed for children carrying rs9939609 A-allele versus the T-allele carriers (OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.45-3.88, P=0.001). Rs17782313 C-allele was significantly increase the risk of obesity only at baseline (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.24-2.60, P=0.002). Rs1805081 A-allele was significantly associated with durative of obesity (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.04-2.03, P=0.028). Each unit higher genetic risk score was associated with increases risk of 0.18 times (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.05-1.33) in childhood transient obesity, and 0.22 times (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.06-1.42) in incident obesity at follow-up. But it was not significantly associated with persisted obesity during 6 years of follow-up (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.99-1.20). Conclusion We confirmed that the change of BMI and obesity status in children was affected by different genetic factors. Individual who carries more risk alleles in obesity-related genes may increase the susceptibility to obesity.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of adipokines including insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and complement C3 (C3) in various types of obesity (peripheral obesity, abdominal obesity and mixed obesity) in Chinese children and adolescents, and their relationships with body size and pubertal development.

METHODSChildren and adolescents (n=3 508) aged 6 to 18 years, with 1 788 boys and 1 720 girls were assessed for body mass index, waist circumference, pubertal development, blood insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, ASP and C3 levels. Three types of obesity [peripheral obesity (n=43), abdominal obesity (n=473), mixed obesity (n=1 187)] and non-obese control (n=1 805) were defined with combined use of Chinese body mass index and waist circumference criteria.

RESULTSSerum resistin, leptin and adiponectin levels were higher in girls than those in boys (all P<0.01). Insulin and leptin increased and adiponectin decreased across five Tanner stages in both girls and boys (all P<0.001), while ASP changed only in girls (P<0.001) and C3 only in boys (P<0.001). Insulin, leptin and ASP were higher, but adiponectin was lower in all three types of obesity vs. the non-obese control (all P<0.05). The greatest abnormalities of all six adipokines were found in the mixed obesity group. With inclusion of body mass index and waist circumference in simultaneous regression analyses, both body size indices were independently and significantly correlated with insulin, leptin and adiponectin after age and gender adjustment. Compared with waist circumference, the body mass index was stronger in interpreting insulin, leptin, adiponectin and ASP levels, whereas it was weaker in explaining variance of plasma C3.

CONCLUSIONObese children have a worse metabolic profile with high insulin, resistin, leptin, ASP and C3, and low adiponectin levels. The adipokine profile in mixed obesity is worse than that in peripheral or abdominal obesity. Identification of obese subjects with a malignant adipokine profile using a combination of body mass index and waist circumference is important for the prevention of obesity-related disease.

Adipokines ; blood ; Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; blood

Objective To study the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for intercostal nerve block on pain and sleep in patients with multiple ribs fracture. Methods One hundred and seventy-eight patients with multiple ribs fracture were divided into two groups according to the random digits table method: control group (ropivacaine, 88 cases) and experimental group (dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine, 90cases). On the second day after admission, the patient underwent intercostal nerve block guided by ultrasound. Pain score of resting pain, cough pain and night pain at each time point and the sleep condition was compared after 3 days. Results In 4—7 ribs fracture patients, the resting pain score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group within 16 hours: (1.3 ± 0.6)scores vs. (1.7 ± 0.7) scores, (2.1 ± 0.4) scores vs. (2.2 ± 0.6) scores, (2.2 ± 0.3) scores vs. (2.3 ± 0.3)scores; while in the cough pain score, the experimental group was significantly better than the control group within 24 hours: (1.6 ± 0.8) scores vs. (2.5 ± 0.9) scores, (3.0 ± 0.7) scores vs. (3.3 ± 0.8) scores, (3.3 ± 0.7) scores vs. (4.0 ± 0.9) scores, (4.9 ± 1.0) scores vs. (5.4 ± 1.0) scores. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In patients with more than 7 ribs fractures, the resting pain scoreand cough pain score ,the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group within 12 hours (P<0.05). On the first day and the second day after the block, the insomnia scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group: (2.5 ± 0.7) scores vs. (4.2 ± 1.6) scores, (2.8 ± 0.8) scores vs. (4.5 ± 1.5) scores. The difference was statistically significant (χ2＝7.374, 7.989, P < 0.05) . Conclusions For patients with multiple ribs fracture, the use of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine for intercostal nerve block can improve the analgesic effect, prolong the analgesic time, and improve sleep quality.

OBJECTIVETo examine the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in obesity-related genes on risk of obesity and metabolic disorder in childhood.

METHODSA total of 3 503 Chinese children aged 6 to 18 years participated in the study, including 1 229 obese, 655 overweight and 1 619 normal weight children (diagnosed by the Chinese age- and sex- specific BMI cutoffs). Body size parameters were assessed and venipuncture blood samples were collected after a 12-hour overnight fast. Plasma glucose, insulin and serum lipid profiles were measured.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood white cells using the salt fractionation method. A total of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays with the GeneAmp 7900 sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) (FTO rs9939609, MC4R rs17782313, GNPDA2 rs10938397, FAIM2 rs7138803, BDNF rs6265, NPC1 rs1805081, PCSK1 rs6235, KCTD15 rs29941, BAT2 rs2844479, SEC16B rs10913469 and SH2B1 rs4788102). Multiple factor analysis was performed to estimate the association between the variant and obesity-related traits. The false discovery rate (FDR) approach was used to correct for multiple comparisons.

RESULTSAfter sex, age and pubertal stage adjustment and correction for multiple testing, the rs9939609-A, rs17782313-C, rs10938397-G, and rs7138803-A alleles were associated with higher BMI (β = 0.352-0.747), fat mass percentage(β = 0.568-1.113), waist circumference (β = 0.885-1.649) and waist-to-height ratio(β = 0.005-0.010) (all P values < 0.01) in Chinese children. The rs6265-G allele increased BMI(β = 0.251, P = 0.020). The rs9939609-A, rs17782313-C, and rs10938397-G and rs6265-G alleles were also associated with risk of obesity (OR = 1.386, 95%CI:1.171-1.642; OR = 1.367, 95%CI:1.196-1.563; OR = 1.242, 95%CI:1.102-1.400; OR = 1.156, 95%CI:1.031-1.296).Rs7138803 was associated with risk of obesity only in boys (OR = 1.234, 95%CI:1.043-1.460). GNPDA2 rs10938397-G allele was associated with risk of insulin resistance(OR = 1.205, 95%CI:1.069-1.359), but there was no significance after adjusting for BMI.

CONCLUSIONThe association of FTO rs9939609-A, MC4R rs17782313-C, GNPDA2 rs10938397-G, and FAIM2 rs7138803-A with higher BMI, fat mass percentage, waist circumference, and waist-to height ratio and risk of obesity, and BDNF rs6265-G allele may increase BMI and obesity risk in Chinese children. GNPDA2 rs10938397-G may increase the risk of childhood insulin resistance depending on BMI.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVETo analyze the trends on the prevalence rates of obesity and cardiometabolic among children and adolescents in Beijing, during 2004-2013.

METHODSData was collected from three cross-sectional studies among children and adolescents, aged 7-17 years old in Beijing. Two studies in 2004 and 2013 were conducted in general population, and one was among obese children in 2007. Data on anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and age was collected from all the subjects. The obese children from all three studies underwent a clinic examination that containing blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), and acanthosis nigricans. Liver transaminases detection (ALT and AST) and liver ultrasound examination were performed in obese children from surveys in 2007 and 2013.

RESULTSThe prevalence of severe obesity increased from 1.86% in 2004 to 4.17% in 2013, with an annual increase rate as 0.26%. The proportion of severe obesity in obesity increased from 18.92% in 2004 to 25.15% in 2013. After adjusting for age and gender, the prevalence of IFG, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C in both obese children and adolescents increased during 2004-2013 (all P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and acanthosis nigricans in severe obese children were higher than those in moderate obesity. The proportion of children with 2 or more cardiometabolic risk factors in severe obese children was higher than in moderate obese children.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence rates of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents in Beijing showed an increase during 2004-2013.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatric Obesity ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) is one of important kinases in inflammation to phosphorylate inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα) and then activate nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Inhibition of IKKβ has been a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here we report that IKKβ is constitutively activated in healthy donors and healthy Ikkβ ^C46A (cysteine 46 mutated to alanine) knock-in mice although they possess intensive IKKβ-IκBα-NF-κB signaling activation. These indicate that IKKβ activation probably plays homeostatic role instead of causing inflammation. Compared to Ikkβ ^WT littermates, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce high mortality rate in Ikkβ ^C46A mice which is correlated to breaking the homeostasis by intensively activating p-IκBα-NF-κB signaling and inhibiting phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) expression. We then demonstrated that IKKβ kinase domain (KD) phosphorylates AMPKα1 via interacting with residues Thr183, Ser184, and Thr388, while IKKβ helix-loop-helix motifs is essential to phosphorylate IκBα according to the previous reports. Kinase assay further demonstrated that IKKβ simultaneously catalyzes phosphorylation of AMPK and IκBα to mediate homeostasis. Accordingly, activation of AMPK rather than inhibition of IKKβ could substantially rescue LPS-induced mortality in Ikkβ ^C46A mice by rebuilding the homeostasis. We conclude that IKKβ activates AMPK to restrict inflammation and IKKβ mediates homeostatic function in inflammation via competitively phosphorylating AMPK and IκBα.