ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effectiveness and safety of Qingfei Shenshi Decoction （清肺渗湿汤） combined with western medicine for patients with bronchial asthma of heat wheezing syndrome， and to explore its potential mechanism of action. MethodsEighty-six participants with bronchial asthma of heat wheezing syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group， each group with 43 participants. The control group received conventional western medicine， and the treatment group was additionally administered Qingfei Shenshi Decoction orally on the basis of the control group， 1 dose per day. Both groups were treated for 14 days. The primary outcome measure was clinical effectiveness； secondary outcome measures included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， asthma control test （ACT） score， pulmonary function indices such as forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV₁）， forced vital capacity （FVC）， peak expiratory flow （PEF）， serum inflammatory factor levels including interleukin-4 （IL-4）， tumour necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， and immune function indices including CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD8⁺， CD4⁺/CD8⁺. All outcome measures were evaluated before and after treatment. Vital signs were monitored， and electrocardiography， blood routine， urine routine， liver function， and renal function tests were performed before and after treatment. Adverse events and reactions during the study were recorded. ResultsA total of 80 patients completed the trial with 40 in each group. The total clinical effective rate of the treatment group was 97.5% （39/40）， which was significantly higher than that of the control group （85.0%， 34/40， P＜0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed decreased TCM syndrome scores， IL-4， TNF-α， hs-CRP， and CD8⁺ levels， as well as increased ACT scores， CD3⁺， CD4⁺， CD4⁺/CD8⁺， FEV₁， FVC， and PEF levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Moreover， the improvements in these indices were more significant in the treatment group than in the control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. No significant abnormalities in safety indicators were observed in either group， and no adverse events or reactions occurred. ConclusionQingfei Shenshi Decoction combined with conventional western medicine for patients with bronchial asthma of heat wheezing syndrome can effectively improve the clinical symptoms， pulmonary function， and clinical effectiveness， with good safety. Its mechanism may be related to reducing inflammatory factor levels and regulating T lymphocyte subsets to improve immune function.

Antibody-drug conjugates （ADCs） are a novel class of anti-tumor agents composed of a targeted monoclonal antibody， a cytotoxic drug， and a linker connecting the two. They combine the high specificity of antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. Triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC） is characterized by high aggressiveness， elevated risks of recurrence and metastasis， and poor prognosis， largely due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the research progress of ADCs in the treatment of TNBC. It has been found that ADCs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 （such as trastuzumab deruxtecan）， trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 （such as sacituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan）， zinc transporter LIV-1 （such as ladiratuzumab vedotin）， HER-3 （such as patritumab deruxtecan）， epidermal growth factor receptor （such as AVID100）， and glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B （such as glembatumumab vedotin） have all demonstrated promising therapeutic effects against TNBC. Despite challenges including acquired resistance and treatment-related toxicities， ADCs are undoubtedly reshaping the therapeutic landscape for TNBC and are expected to occupy a more central position in TNBC treatment in the future.

ObjectiveTo review the interoceptive assessment tools in terms of structure, content and psychometric properties, based on the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsThe literature on interoceptive evaluation tools was retrieved from databases of CNKI, PubMed, Medline and EBSCO. The principal structures and contents of the assessment tools were analyzed based on the ICF framework, and the quality of the psychometric properties were appraised using COSMIN. ResultsA total of 13 interoceptive assessment tools were ultimately included, involving 16 literature references. There were five interoceptive sensitivity tools, four accuracy tools and four awareness tools. In terms of content, interoceptive sensitivity tools involved 33 categories of body functions, six categories of activities and participation, and one of environmental factors; while interoceptive accuracy tools only involved seven categories of body function, and two of activities and participation items; interoceptive awareness tools involved 30 categories of body function, four categories of activities and participation, and three of environmental factors. In terms of psychometric properties, Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form (BPQ-SF) was the sensitivity tool with the best reliability and validity (qualified rate of 7/8), followed by Interoceptive Sensitivity Questionnaire (ISQ) (qualified rate of 6/8). Most of the accuracy tools adopted standardized measurement methods, but lacked sufficient reliability and validity verification. The awareness tools were good in reliability and validity (qualified rate above 5/8), especially Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-1) and Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) (qualified rate of 8/8). ConclusionBPQ-SF and ISQ are recommended for interoceptive sensitivity assessment, Water-loading Test and Heart-beat Tracking Task for interoceptive accuracy assessment, and MAIA-1 and BAQ for interoceptive awareness assessment.

Periodontal disease burden is related to economic level. The burden of periodontal disease in Europe and the Western Pacific, which have higher economic levels, is lower than that in Africa and Southeast Asia. The burden of periodontal disease is mostly concentrated in people over 65 years of age. China currently has the heaviest burden of oral disease in the world; the country’s disability adjusted life years account for 18.69%. There are regional differences in the distribution of periodontal conditions that are related to socioeconomic conditions, dietary habits, and other factors of different regions. Some survey results show that the prevalence of periodontal disease among those in the middle-aged group (45-64 years old) is higher than that among the elderly group (over 65 years old). This is because the oral condition of the elderly group is prone to bias in statistics due to tooth loss and other reasons. The occurrence and development of periodontal disease in the elderly is related to a variety of factors: aging triggers physiological degeneration of periodontal tissue and decline in immune function; weakened mobility and weak oral health awareness lead to insufficient daily oral cleaning; certain systemic diseases can aggravate periodontal tissue inflammation, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cognitive impairment; and the cumulative impact of factors such as smoking, high-calorie diet, and nutrient deficiencies on periodontal tissue. At present, China has entered the stage of aging, which means that there is an increase in the burden of oral disease, and this puts higher requirements for the allocation of social medical resources in the future. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in the elderly population is particularly important. This article, which takes the elderly over 65 years old as the research group, collects and summarizes the prevalence of periodontal disease in this group at home and abroad, and explores the influencing factors of periodontal disease in the elderly. In order to provide a basis for the early prevention of periodontal disease in the elderly, a focus must be placed on disease control and prevention as well as treatment of specific susceptible groups.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Shexiang Baoxinwan in treating stable angina pectoris with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） complicated with anxiety and depression and explore its underlying mechanisms. MethodsThis study employed a randomized， double-blind， and placebo-controlled clinical trial design. Patients admitted to the hospital were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group， with 52 patients in each group. Patients in the observation and control groups received Shexiang Baoxinwan and placebo， respectively， both in combination with conventional Western medication. The dose was 45.0 mg， three times daily， for a total duration of eight weeks. The primary outcome was the Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） scores before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， the patient health questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9）， generalized anxiety disorder-7 （GAD-7）， inflammatory markers ［interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， CD40， etc.］， monoamine neurotransmitters ［e.g.， dopamine （DA）］， vascular endothelial function markers ［e.g.， endothelin-1（ET-1）］， adipokines， and ischemia-modified albumin （IMA）. Adverse reactions were also recorded. ResultsA total of 92 patients completed the study， with 44 in the observation group and 48 in the control group. Compared with baseline， both groups showed significant decreases in PHQ-9， GAD-7， and TCM syndrome scores following treatment （P<0.05）， along with a significant increase in SAQ scores （P<0.05）. In the observation group， DA levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while levels of IL-18， TNF-α， CD40， ET-1， and IMA were decreased （P<0.05）. In contrast， the control group exhibited significantly increased CD40 levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed significant improvements in the SAQ dimensions of physical limitation， angina stability， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， as well as in TCM syndrome score， PHQ-9 score， IL-18， CD40， ET-1， and IMA （P<0.05）. No adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment. ConclusionShexiang Baoxinwan can improve anxiety and depression， alleviate angina symptoms， and reduce TCM symptoms of Qi stagnation and blood stasis in CAD patients. The mechanism may involve anti-inflammation， improvement of vascular endothelial function， reduction of IMA， and increase of monoamine neurotransmitter levels.

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that primarily arises from the epithelial tissue of the prostate in men. With the aggravation of population aging in China， the incidence rate of this disease has been continuously rising. Although the exact cause of prostate cancer remains unclear， it has been proven to be closely related to various factors， including individual genetic susceptibility， genetic mutations， dietary habits， and lifestyle. Research has shown that abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. Multiple experimental results have revealed that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with its multi-target and multi-stage mechanisms of action， exerts significant regulatory effects on key biological processes such as proliferation， migration， invasion， angiogenesis， and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of prostate cancer cells. TCM has shown excellent potential in preventing prostate cancer progression and improving patient prognosis and has become a research focus in prostate cancer treatment in recent years. Based on this， this study reviewed the research on the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by TCM in the treatment of prostate cancer at home and abroad. It analyzed the mechanisms by which TCM intervention exerts anti-prostate cancer effects via this signaling pathway， identifying 29 different types of active ingredients in TCM， including alkaloids （e.g.， capsaicin， berberine）， flavonoids （e.g.， icariin and hyperoside）， polyphenols （e.g.， gastrodin and honokiol）， terpenes （e.g.， oridonin）， quinones （e.g.， aloe-emodin）， coumarins （e.g.， agrimonolide）， and saponins （e.g.， saikosaponin-d）. Additionally， one TCM medicinal substance （arsenic）， one drug pair （Danggui - Qieyi combination）， and two TCM formulae （Yishen Tonglong Tang and Guben Qingyuan Formula） were included. The study aims to deepen the understanding of the pathological mechanism of prostate cancer and to explore possible therapeutic targets， thereby providing new perspectives and approaches for clinical research and new drug development， and ultimately promoting the advancement and innovation of prostate cancer treatment strategies.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Shexiang Baoxinwan in treating stable angina pectoris with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） complicated with anxiety and depression and explore its underlying mechanisms. MethodsThis study employed a randomized， double-blind， and placebo-controlled clinical trial design. Patients admitted to the hospital were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group， with 52 patients in each group. Patients in the observation and control groups received Shexiang Baoxinwan and placebo， respectively， both in combination with conventional Western medication. The dose was 45.0 mg， three times daily， for a total duration of eight weeks. The primary outcome was the Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） scores before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， the patient health questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9）， generalized anxiety disorder-7 （GAD-7）， inflammatory markers ［interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， CD40， etc.］， monoamine neurotransmitters ［e.g.， dopamine （DA）］， vascular endothelial function markers ［e.g.， endothelin-1（ET-1）］， adipokines， and ischemia-modified albumin （IMA）. Adverse reactions were also recorded. ResultsA total of 92 patients completed the study， with 44 in the observation group and 48 in the control group. Compared with baseline， both groups showed significant decreases in PHQ-9， GAD-7， and TCM syndrome scores following treatment （P<0.05）， along with a significant increase in SAQ scores （P<0.05）. In the observation group， DA levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while levels of IL-18， TNF-α， CD40， ET-1， and IMA were decreased （P<0.05）. In contrast， the control group exhibited significantly increased CD40 levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed significant improvements in the SAQ dimensions of physical limitation， angina stability， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， as well as in TCM syndrome score， PHQ-9 score， IL-18， CD40， ET-1， and IMA （P<0.05）. No adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment. ConclusionShexiang Baoxinwan can improve anxiety and depression， alleviate angina symptoms， and reduce TCM symptoms of Qi stagnation and blood stasis in CAD patients. The mechanism may involve anti-inflammation， improvement of vascular endothelial function， reduction of IMA， and increase of monoamine neurotransmitter levels.

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that primarily arises from the epithelial tissue of the prostate in men. With the aggravation of population aging in China， the incidence rate of this disease has been continuously rising. Although the exact cause of prostate cancer remains unclear， it has been proven to be closely related to various factors， including individual genetic susceptibility， genetic mutations， dietary habits， and lifestyle. Research has shown that abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. Multiple experimental results have revealed that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with its multi-target and multi-stage mechanisms of action， exerts significant regulatory effects on key biological processes such as proliferation， migration， invasion， angiogenesis， and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） of prostate cancer cells. TCM has shown excellent potential in preventing prostate cancer progression and improving patient prognosis and has become a research focus in prostate cancer treatment in recent years. Based on this， this study reviewed the research on the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by TCM in the treatment of prostate cancer at home and abroad. It analyzed the mechanisms by which TCM intervention exerts anti-prostate cancer effects via this signaling pathway， identifying 29 different types of active ingredients in TCM， including alkaloids （e.g.， capsaicin， berberine）， flavonoids （e.g.， icariin and hyperoside）， polyphenols （e.g.， gastrodin and honokiol）， terpenes （e.g.， oridonin）， quinones （e.g.， aloe-emodin）， coumarins （e.g.， agrimonolide）， and saponins （e.g.， saikosaponin-d）. Additionally， one TCM medicinal substance （arsenic）， one drug pair （Danggui - Qieyi combination）， and two TCM formulae （Yishen Tonglong Tang and Guben Qingyuan Formula） were included. The study aims to deepen the understanding of the pathological mechanism of prostate cancer and to explore possible therapeutic targets， thereby providing new perspectives and approaches for clinical research and new drug development， and ultimately promoting the advancement and innovation of prostate cancer treatment strategies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix et Rhizoma seu Caulis extract （ASH） in treating Parkinson's disease （PD） in mice by Data-Independent Acquisition （DIA） proteomics. MethodsThe α-Synuclein （α-Syn） transgenic PD mice were selected as suitable models for PD， and they were randomly assigned into PD， ASH （61.25 mg·kg^-1）， and Madopar （97.5 mg·kg^-1） groups. Male C57BL/6 mice of the same age were selected as the control group， with eight mice in each group. Mice were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 20 days. The pole climbing time and the number of autonomic activities were recorded to evaluate the exercise ability of mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to observe neuronal changes in the substantia nigra of PD mice. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to measure the tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） activity in the substantia nigra and assess the areal density of α-Syn in the striatum. DIA proteomics was used to compare protein expression in the substantia nigra between groups. IHC was utilized to validate key differentially expressed proteins， including Lactotransferrin， Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to investigate the effect of ASH on the viability of PD cells with overexpression of α-Syn. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were employed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of Lactotransferrin， Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 in PD cells. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed prolonged pole climbing time， diminished coordination ability， reduced autonomic activities （P<0.01）， and reduced swelling neurons. Compared with the model group， ASH and Madopar reduced the climbing time， increased autonomic activities （P<0.01）， and ameliorated neuronal damage. Compared with the control group， the model group showed a decrease in TH activity in the substantia nigra and an increase in α-Syn accumulation in the striatum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the ASH group showed an increase in TH activity and a reduction in α-Syn accumulation （P<0.05）. DIA proteomics revealed a total of 464 differentially expressed proteins in the model group compared with the control group， with 323 proteins being up-regulated and 141 down-regulated. A total of 262 differentially expressed proteins were screened in the ASH group compared with the model group， including 85 proteins being up-regulated and 177 down-regulated. Kyoto encylopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis indicated that ASH primarily regulated the Notch signaling pathway. The model group showed up-regulation in protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 and down-regulation in the protein level of Lactotransferrin compared with the control group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， ASH down-regulated the protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.05） while up-regulating the protein level of Lactotransferrin （P<0.01）. The IHC results corroborated the proteomics findings. The cell experiment results showed that compared with the control group， the modeling up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.01）， while down-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of Lactotransferrin （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， ASH reduced the mRNA and protein levels of Notch2， Ndrg2， and TMEM 166 （P<0.01）， while increasing the mRNA and protein levels of Lactotransferrin （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionASH may Synergistically inhibit the Notch signaling pathway and mitigate neuronal damage by down-regulating the expression of Notch2 and Ndrg2. Additionally， by up-regulating the expression of Lactotransferrin and down-regulating the expression of TMEM166， ASH can address brain iron accumulation， intervene in ferroptosis， inhibit mitophagy， and mitigate reactive oxygen species damage， thereby protecting nerve cells and contributing to the treatment of PD.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world， and its incidence rate is also rising in China and tends to happen in younger age groups. The classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important target in the treatment of breast cancer， playing a key role in the whole process of breast cancer development by regulating the expression of related signal proteins and genes. Traditional Chinese medicine has a profound history and practical experience in the treatment of malignant tumors， and the development of modern technology further highlights the therapeutic advantages of traditional Chinese medicine， which has multiple targets and components. Research shows that Chinese medicine can effectively slow down the proliferation of breast cancer cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， and has a significant inhibitory effect on the development of breast cancer. Based on this， this paper summarized domestic and foreign relevant studies on the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast cancer， analyzed the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treating breast cancer by intervening in this signaling pathway， and summarized 44 different types of traditional Chinese medicine monomers， including terpenes （triptolide， andrographolide， etc.）， flavonoids （scutellarin， sinensetin， etc.）， polysaccharides （Angelica sinensis polysaccharides， etc.）， phenols （curcumin， polydatin， etc.）， and alkaloids （lycorine， etc.）. In addition， there are 3 traditional Chinese medicines （Ganoderma lucidum， Radix actinidia chinensis， and Antrodia camphorata）， 1 group of medicine pairs （Trionycis Carapax-Zedoary Turmeric）， and 8 traditional Chinese medicine formulas （Compound Tubeimu， Huangqi Jiedu Tang， Xihuang Wan， Liuwei Dihuang Wan， Jiazhu Tang， Aiduqing Fang， Sini San， and compound Kushen injection）. By regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its key molecules， these single herbs， monomers， and compound herbs can reverse the epithelial mesenchymal transformation process， reduce the activity of stem cells， and inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. Besides， it can also enhance the sensitivity of drugs and radiotherapy and combat breast cancer， providing a new perspective for drug development and treatment strategies for breast cancer.